Glass-Fibre Databook

261 Pages·1993·6.49 MB·English

by  Trevor F. Starr C.Eng. MIM FBIM (auth.)

Glass- Fibre
DATABOOI~
o
E D 1 T 1 N 1
Compiled by Trevor F. Starr
Technolex
Crewkerne
Somerset
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.Y.
First edition 1993
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Chapman & HalI in 1993
ISBN 978-0-412-46280-1 ISBN 978-94-011-1492-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1492-9
Apar! from any fair deal ing for the ]purposes of research or
private study, or criticism or review, as permitted und,er the UK
Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may
not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any
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side the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms
stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address
printed on this page.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied,
with regard to the accuracy of the illlformation contained in this
book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or Iiability for
any errors or omissions that may be made.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data available
SCOPE
Glass fibres are used in ever increasing variety for
a wide range of application, each vital to modern
society. Consequently there has been a strong
need for a systematic compilation of those
engaged in their manufacture, supply· and
distribution, plus an all-important associated
listing of properties under a number of standard
material classifications.
This Data Book provides a comprehensive answer
to that need. It covers commercially available
glass fibres, whether employed for reinforcement,
filtration, insulation, optical or other applications.
Part One, the Directory Section, provides a listing
pf manufacturers, their sales offices, agents,
subsidiaries and affiliates, complete with address,
tetephone and facsimile number. Part Two, the
Data Section then tabulates the major properties
and relevant supply details, of all the different
grades of glass:fibre available through the
sources listed in Part One.
This Glass Fibre Data Book will be an invaluable
source of information for all those concerned with
gJassfibres, whether design or research and
development engineers, whether specifiers,
purchase managers or others such as university
professors and teaching staff. The comprehensive
information provided within its pages, will enable
anyone having an interest or involvement with
glass fibre materials, to make the best choice of
those available worldwide, to satisfy in a totally
optimum manner, each specific application
requirement.
iii
CONTENTS
Scope iii
Review vii
Glass fibre nomenclature
European & International Glass Fibre Standards x
Technical Vocabulary xii
English - French -German -Italian
Index of Trade Names xv
PART ONE: DIRECTORY SECTION
GLASS FIBRE MATERIALS FOR THE COMPOSITES INDUSTRY
A cOmprehensive listing of those who manufacture, supply or
otherwise distribute a variety of glass fibre and allied materials
based on glass, as employed by the composites industry
REINFORCEMENTS FOR THERMOSETS: MANUFACTURERS 3
REINFORCEMENTS FOR THERMOPLASTICS: MANUFACTURERS 7
REINFORCEMENTS FOR CEMENT & GYPSUM: MANUFACTURERS 8
TISSUES, SURFACING VEILS & MATS: MANUFACTURERS 10
MANUFACTURERS' SALES OFFICES, AGENTS & SUBSIDIARIES 11
DISTRIBUTORS 21
GLASS FIBRE MATERIALS OTHER. THAN FOR THE COMPOSITES INDUSTRY
A listing of companies who manufacture and supply a variety of glass
fibre materials as employed by other than the composites industry
FILTRATION MATERIALS: MANUFACTURERS 39
INSULATION MATERIALS: MANUFACTURERS 39
P!,IINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS: MANUFACTURERS 41
OTHERWISE UNCLASSIFIED GLASS FIBRE MATERIALS: MANUFACTURERS 42
OPTICAL FIBRES & CABLES
FIBRES: MANUFACTURERS 45
FIBRE CABLES: MANUFACTURERS 46
AGENTS, DISTRIBUTORS & MANUFACTURING AFFILIATES 46
OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE, CORE SUPPORT MEMBERS 50
PART TWO: DATA SECTION
A comprehensive tabulation of glass fibre materials as described by
Part One.
SECTION 1: CONTINUOUS FILAMENT YARNS
List of Manufacturers 52
GLASS FIBRE MATERIALS FOR THE COMPOSITES INDUSTRY
SECTION 2: REINFORCEMENTS FOR THERMOSETS
Contents & List of Manufacturers 67
2. 1 Milled Fibres 72
2. 2 Chopped Strands 73
2. 3 Chopped Strand Mats 76
2. 4 Continuous Strand (Filament) Mats 81
2. 5 Rovings 84
2. 6 Woven Rovings 94
2. 7 Unidirectional Woven Rovings 101
2. 8 Yarn Fabrics 102
2. 9 Scrim Fabrics 125
2.10 Needled Mats 128
2.11 Combination Materials - Woven Roving & Mats 129
2.12 Conformable & Multiaxial Fabrics 134
2.13 3D 'Distance' (or 'Space') Fabrics 143
2.14 Tapes 144
SECTION 3: REINFORCEMENTS FOR THERMOPLASTICS
Contents & List of Manufacturers 149
3. 1 Milled Fibres 151
3. 2 Chopped Strands 152
3. 3 Chopped Strand Mats 157
3. 4 Continuous Strand (Filament) Mats 157
3. 5 Rovings 158
3. 6 Woven Rovings 159
3. 7 Yarn Fabrics 160
3. 8 Needled Mats 161
3. 9 Tapes 162
SECTION 4: REINFORCEMENTS FOR CEMENT & GYPSUM
Contents & List of Manufacturers 163
4. 1 Chopped Strands 164
4. 2 Rovings 165
SECTION 5: TISSUES, SURFACING VEILS, MATS &~FABRICS
Contents & List of Manufacturers 167
5. 1 Tissue, Surfacing Veils & Mats 168
5. 2 Surfacing Fabrics 169
GLASS FIBRE MATERIALS OTHER THAN FOR THE
COMPOSITES INDUSTRY
SECTION 6: FILTRATION MATERIALS
Contents & List of Manufacturers 172
6. 1 Filtration of Air & Dust 173
6. 2 Filtration of Liquids & Solids 175
6. 3 Filtration of Metals . 176
v
SECTION 7: INSULATION MATERIALS
Contents & List of Manufacturers 177
7. 1 Acoustic Insulation 179
7. 2 Electrical Insulation
-Braiding & Cord 186
-Fabrics 188
-Sheathing 193
-Adhesive Tapes 194
-Braided Tapes 194
- Plain Tapes 195
7. 3 Thermal Insulation
-Bonded Materials 196
-Needled Fabrics 202
-Woven Cloths & Fabrics 203
-Woven Tapes 208
SECTION 8: GLASS FIBRE FABRICS FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
List of Manufacturers 209
SECTION 9: MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
Contents & List of Manufacturers 211
9. 1 Flake Glass 213
9. 2 Grinding Wheel Fabrics 214
9. 3 Microfibers 215
9. 4 Recycled 216
9. 5 Roofing Felt, Carpet & Flooring Reinforcement
-Chopped Strand Mat 217
- Reinforcing Mesh 217
-Rovings 217
-Fabrics 218
-Scrim 220
9. 6 Screens & Allied 221
9. 7 Unclassified 222
MATERIALS FOR THE OPTICAL FIBRE INDUSTRY
SECTION 10: FIBRES
List of Manufacturers 224
SECTION 11: FIBRE CABLES
List of Manufacturers 236
SECTION 12: OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE SUPPORT MEMBERS
List of Manufacturers 243
Late Entries 245
Index to Advertisers 248
vi
REVIEW
Glass fibre is one - if not the most versatile of -the which are identical to both variants, is continuously
materials now worked and employed by man. drawn -or spun -by high speed precision winders
Suitable confirmation is provided by the pages of from platinum bushings. These bushings,
this Data Book, showing the now widespread, vital numbering several score to more typically several
cost-effective and important use of glass fibre hundreds, therefore dictate the number of individual
across the whole spectrum of industry. Whether as glass filaments from. which the basic fibre 'strand'
one of many forms of reinforcement, as fabrics or (or filament bundle) is then produced. A second
other products for acoustic, electrical and thermal letter ·C" indicates continuous filaments, with the
insulation,for filtration, or more recently for the alternatives "T· or ·5" (or in the teX/metric system,
rapidly increasing utilisation iil its continuous, optical ·D"), describing respectively either a 'textured' or
form for telecommunication and signalling, glass 'staple' product.
fibre has no equal.
The filament diameter follows, identified if using1he
However the variety of basic formulation, type and metric system by a number denoting microns, (to
grade now available, is far removed from a recent the nearest whole number), or if in inches, by a
development. The art of spinning glass into fine descriptive letter.
filaments - or fibres - has at its basis, expertise
known for example to the craftsmen of ancient C 0.000175"
Egypt. There is good evidence of their use of crude D ·0.000225"
glass fibres as the strengthening component of DE 0.000250"
decorative and other artifacts fabricated from E 0.000275·
naturally occurring resins and glues. G 0.000375"
H 0.000425"
To advantage, the required raw materials are K 0.000525"
present in virtually unlimited supply, readily and
economically obtained from widely available A number quantifying the strand weight (Le
indigenous inorganic ores. But glass has a purity of 'tex'/metric system), or count (i.e. the US or imperial
formulation, technology and design, as suitably system), comes next. The former figure relates to
exampled by the multiplicity of product from the grams per 1000 metres of yarn, the (atter to one
simple to the sophisticated, from commercial to hundredth of the nominal bare glass yardage in one
advanced. It also covers other items such as window pound of the basic yarn strand.
glass and glassware. Finally as demanded by the
application, each alternative glass fibre product can If employing the US system, a second number
be supplied in differing condition, open to different composed of two digits separated by a hash, shows
post-spinning treatment. the quantity of basic strands in the yarn, where the
first digit represents the original number of twisted
Such wide-ranging complexity has demanded for strands and the second, the quantity of these strands
glass fibre materials, an ease of specification plied (or twisted) together. In this case the total
identification, provided for - as shown by a large number of strands is therefore given by multiplying
proportion of the tabulations within the Directory both digits; a zero is always counted as 1. If
Section of this Data Book - by the use of an employing the tex/metric system, then the yarn
alphabetic and numeric code. A correct under construction from these twisted strands is. shown by
standing of this system, together with associated a third number (immediately after that for the
material and product descriptions, is essential if diameter), which indicates the number of strands in
those concerned in any way with the use of glass the yarn. A second digit after an ·X· indicates the
fibre materials, are to ensure careful product number of these strands twisted or plied together. In
selection. However whilst universally adopted for both Situations, the letters ·5· or ·Z· describe the
yarn products, the coding does continue to show direction of the visible spiral/helix pattern of twist in
variation, typically respective to the mensuration the yarn, when held in a vertical fashion.
system employed by the country of yarn
manufacture or supply. A final number denotes either the number of turns
per inch or the number per metre, in the finished
Glass of the desired chemical formulation, as yarn. Yarn is therefore an assembly of fibres, of
described by these first letter code examples, similar or variable length, held together by twisting.
Yarns are used to weave fabrics. An 'end' is a
C .. Chemical resistant* thread, yarn or tow etc., running along the length of
E - 'Electrical' grade the fabric (the 'warp'), whereas the 'pick' is a thread,
--' R (& 5) - High strerigth grade
* Original formulation, now more exclusive to yarns vii
yarn or tow etc., running across the width of a fabric. The thickness, weight, construction and finish (i.e.
resin matrix compatibility), of fabrics woven from this
Fibres, yarns and fabrics also employ the term wide variety of glass yarn, is variable over a wide
'denier', meaning the weight in grams of 9000 spectrum, as is the style of that weaving. The weave
metres of a yarn (or tow, or roving). 'Denier'therefore style of a fabric has - like the yarn itself - a great
equals 9 x 'tex', or using the US system, yards per influence on the properties of the woven fabric
pound is converted to 'denier' by dividing a constant composed of warp and weft (fill) yarns. For whatever
number, 4,464,492 by the yards per pound. purpose the fabric is to be employed, careful
selection is therefore essential. The following
As a summary of the coding system and to aid diagrams indicate some of the more common style
clarification, the following variations can all equally variations possible.
apply.
Plain
I
Each warp end and weft pick passes over one crossing thread
and under the next.
(US System)
11
r- E C 9 331x xl2 J (Tex/Metric System)
I
I
z xl21s 115011----:-1- ---,
E C 9 341
Basket
'" p, ,' ...
l""--c-ha-ra"'~teri~es ~i1ve 1111' p;:urto ~r cnd~ ~ra :m,k!; pD!i~lr;J a ... C'- pa.r~ o·
~rO!i~ :1g It ·e':'J3.
the glass composition
l_
T,p. ol'Mn. ·oontin,,",·. •. ..p l.· 0' '""""",,,'
---.-
.... Individual filament diameter
Lf.f10
,), I I 'e ". rll.;tr I '" ;'; H ~,1~. ,I' .,' ~,I~ r~ I,;ro~~ I),· 'Ih"
t: .... Ar ,he r. c ;;,
150 x 100 = 15,000 yards per pound ____. -oJ
J
Glass 'tex' , weight of bare glass strand in
grams/1000 metres
1.0 _ The original number of twisted strands
111!!lOJ nd underr 'Ilt!
• ... ;)151 ano ..... ~. 1=. txJltl·{\ ~
1.0-. The number of strands plied together
-
The type of twist given to the yarn
The number of turns per metre
:w::h ~r~ or;; : ~i r;; l'S ,'our .... ;:; Ifeu': orc lorlcr t ...· & ,Jou',
During the drawing and spinning process, each ;rO' 111 11'r"",;:;,. 'I,th lh ... -:rv II' ~ O'lrlrnoy 10;1 ore 11' rao!'ld r"r
strand is chemically treated by a 'size' whose J, 'I 10 \i'I' pi;;:~.
purpose is to protect each individual glass fibre
filament from breakage or other less serious
damage during further processing.
-------
viii
ardEflrl(! ~f~'" C'tMever1 sou. . c~?
_-,""""-~I$'_,,~• • __ .. IJIie::.l:Illltll~ ',;1\', r1lOJlo;!rl:ll~ ;lI'd rr,lI;hir.-:ry fm
~QU COl. d need t €I GRF ilncI REINFORCED
.Ill"'.:t"_~.,,,,,,u, t::o pro'lldl!' I:!1,t:f,,;I. Iy UI~l ~1JU trt!t!t.l ','101.1 lilt:
G ASS FIBRE ~OLVESTER RESINS & GELCQAT
• FW PULTRU51QN W[AVlRS IlO'll'INGo • GP ~UIN
5F'RAY UP ROVING • ISO PI-l'IHALIC ~ ~51N
. 5MC, ROVING • B.15PtlEN,OL IttslN
CHOPPED STR NI)S (rOil: &MC FAl'P) • V~,.,.ntsUR ESI N
• CI-lOPPiD STRAN D MAT • fUn RETARDlNl RnlN
' WOVIN 1l0YING , RIE;SIN rOIi! l'RANSLUCINT !l.I,uns
• rAl!ilUCS • RESIN FOlt CASTING rlllnoN~ Qle.)
• "C" GLAS 50 nAK ES • GELCOAT (CHAR .&:. CaLOURED~
• YARN (ECG U:o R tt..) • TOOl! I'II.G G-El,tO~ r
CES & COMPANY
I~ !) r,I!II'" rtn~::h tlf.!:1'1 K. r.~• . J"'" ~!;n
JAII'IoII
T~IH' ~~::J-':'>"U '+'J
Tc I cln,.: .CEI!>":! -:D1:'
r ..
l~l'IJ,,·.l'" ~:J UI~'-:.!
Tn (llJER 50 ES ----
EUROPEAN & INTERNATIONAL GLASS FIBRE STANDARDS
(The work of Vetrotex Saint-Gobain in compiling this comparison is recognised and acknowledged.)
Notes:
1. The standards quoted under the same title may have a slightly different technical content.
2. No account has been taken of the current status (draft proposal; draft standard; standard) of the
listing.
3. The use of italics indicates that these standards are not specific to glass fibre products, but are
considered applicable.
4; The UNI listing includes Uniplast Standards, published as UNI.
Title DIN AFNOR BSI UNI UNE ISO
General
Basic concepts -Terminology 61850 NF ISO 6355 B001 8746 43-501-84 6355
86/41967 43-502-84 472
Sampling method 40080 T25001 87/38633 ISO 1886 1886
Standard conditioning atmosphere 53802 GOO-003 2782 p.10 EN 62 291
meth.1004
1051
Determination of combustible matter content 1887 B38-101 2782 p.10 8532 43-504-85 1887
meth.1002
Determination of moisture content 838-108 9413 3344
Determination of filament diameter 53811 B38-102 88/37460 43-509-85 1888
(3496)
Glass fibre
Designation 60850/1 NF ISO 2078 43-503-79 2078
Basis for a specification 60850/2 NF ISO 3598 3598
Basis for a specification of texturised fibres NF ISO 8516 8516
Determination of linear density 53830/1 NF ISO 1889 9412 43-505-85 1889
/3 838-105
Determination of twist 53832/1 NF ISO 1890 43-511-86 1890
Determination of twist balance index 838-109 43-512-85 3343
Determination of tensile strength 53834/1 NF ISO 3341 9411 43-508-85 3341
Glass fibre fabrics
Different types 61854/2
Basis for a specification . 61854/1 838-205 9310 2113
Specification woven glass fabrics 3398(3parts)
Specification woven roving fabrics 3749
Basis for a specification braided sheathing 65066 10122
Determination of surface density 53854 G07-150 3398 9311/4 4605
Determination of length & width of flat fabrics 53851 838-204 9311/2 5025
Determination of linear density of yarns 52853 G07-155 9311/1 4602
Determination of linear density on a small sample 53830/3 838-105
Determination of thickness of fabrics 53855/1 G07-153 9311/3 4603
Determination of slippage resistance/fibres/fabric 838-202
Determination of flexural stiffness 53864 838-206 4604.
Determination of braking strength & elongation 53857/1 838-203 3396 9311/5 4606
at break using the strip method (traction)
x