GHETTOSTADT GHETTOSTADT ÅódÆ and the making of a nazi city Gordon J. Horwitz the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge,Massachusetts London,England 2008 Copyright©2008bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollege Allrightsreserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Maps1and2arefromTheChronicleoftheìódóGhetto,1941–1944, ed.LucjanDobroszycki,trans.RichardLourieetal. (NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,1984). LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Horwitz,GordonJ. Ghettostadt :ìódóandthemakingofaNazicity / GordonJ.Horwitz. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-674-02799-2(alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-674-02799-X(alk.paper) 1.Jews—Persecutions—Poland—ìódó—History. 2.Holocaust,Jewish (1939–1945)—Poland—ìódó. 3.ìódó(Poland)—Ethnicrelations. I.Title. DS134.62.H67 2008 940.53′1853847—dc22 2007050934 In memory of Marcia L. Kahn Contents Prologue 1 1 Autumn1939:Conquest 8 2 ACitywithoutJews 30 3 TheEnclosure 62 4 TheGhettoWillEndure 91 5 TheGhettoandtheCityoftheFuture 113 6 Banishment 143 7 Departure,Worry,andDisappearance 159 8 “GiveMeYourChildren” 192 9 WhoShallLiveandWhoShallDie? 232 10 NumberedAretheDays 266 Epilogue 311 Notes 325 Acknowledgments 383 Index 385
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