Germany and Japan: A Study in Totalitarian Diplomacy 1933–1941 PDF
Preview Germany and Japan: A Study in Totalitarian Diplomacy 1933–1941
Ernst L. Presseisen Germany and Japan A Study in Totalitarian Diplomacy 1931–1941 GERMANY AND JAPAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARS FORUM ASERIES OF BOOKS BY AMERICAN SCHOLARS 12 ADVISORY BOARD J. ANTON DE HAAS Professor of International Relations at Claremont Men's College PHILIP MUNZ Director of Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden WILLIAM T. JONES Professor of Philosophy, Pomona College EDWARD WEISMILLER Professor of English, Pomona College FREDERICK HARD President of Scripps College DAVID DAVIES Librarian of the H onnold Library ERNST L. PRESSEISEN GERMANY AND JAPAN A STUDY IN TOTALITARIAN DIPLOMACY 1933-1941 • . Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V 1958 ISBN 978-94-017-6456-8 ISBN 978-94-017-6590-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-6590-9 Copyright 1958 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands in 1958. Softcoverreprint ofthe kardeover Istedition 1958 All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form To Bianca and Max Shulster who really made this book possible Immortal Gods, I crave no pelf; I pray for no man but myself: Grant I may never prove so fond, To trust man on his oath or bond; Or a harlot, for her weeping; Or a dog, that seems a-sleeping; Or a keeper with my freedom; Or my friends, if I should need 'em. TIM ON OF A THENS, ACT 1, 2 PREFACE To undertake a topic in modern history means more often than not quantity competing with the demands for quality. Not only did the various international trials after the war release an avalanche of documentary material, but the very loss of sovereignty for both Germany and Japan opened up archives heretofore closed to most investigators. Added to this was also the usual amount of personal apologias, confidential revelations and the like. It seemed, moreover, essential to the author that contemporary material be consulted as frequently as possible in order to obtain an impression how events were considered at the time of their occurrence. This involved a rather careful analysis of a mass of propaganda publications, newspapers, and periodicals; of the latter alone over two hundred were examined for a period of about ten years. In the preparation of this rather overwhelming task great service was rendered by the many libraries which were consulted. The authorities of Widener Library and the Law Library at Harvard University, the University of California Library at Berkeley, the Hoover Library at Stanford University and the Congressional Library in Washington proved indeed most cooperative in their assistance. A note of special appreciation should be made for the Librarian of the Treasury Room at the Harvard Law School where the records of the Far Eastern Military Tribunal are deposited. Dr. Ikle of Miami University permitted me to use his dissertation and I owe him a debt of gratitude. I also want to express my appreciation for the many valuable suggestions made by Dr. Fritz Epstein of the Library of Congress, and Dr. Gerhard Weinberg of the University of Kentucky. My colleague, Dr. David Stenzel, helped me with the arduous task of proofreading and saved me from many pitfalls. The Department of the Army was kind enough to allow a visit to the archives of the former German J apanese Association in Berlin, which are now stored at the De partmental Records Branch in Alexandria, Virginia. Y et no mass of historical material, however informative, can X PREFACE serve a purpose without an adequate schooling in research and analysis and a capacity for synthesis. The author had the good fortune to benefit in his undergraduate training from Professor Raymond Sontag at the University of California. His graduate studies were conducted with Professor William Langer under whose experienced guidance this study was prepared. As such this work owes a great deal to these eminent teachers while its shortcomings must be credited to the student. Any mistakes are indeed his sole responsibility. Stanford University April, 1958 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface IX I. Background to an Alliance I. Nazi Views 2. Geopolitical Plans 13 li. The League of Nations Loses Two Members 25 li I. The Shaping of German Far Rastern Policy 55 IV. The Anti-Comintern Pact 87 V. The First Crisis, 1937-1938 124 I. Attempts at Mediation 124 2. The German Commercial Retreat 147 VI. The Axis Becomes a Triangle 164 VII. N egotiations for an Alliance 189 VIII. The Second Crisis, 1939 223 IX. From Triangle to Tripartite Pact 250 X. Alliance Without Allies 281 XI. Conclusions 321 Appendices 327 Bibliography 331 Numerical Index of IMTFE Documents 350 Subject and Name Index 357
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