001 Table of Contents Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Preface Part I ONE - Childhood: 1904–1921 TWO - Princeton: 1921–1925 THREE - The Foreign Service: 1925–1931 FOUR - Marriage—and Moscow: 1931–1933 Part II FIVE - The Origins of Soviet-American Relations: 1933–1936 SIX - Rediscovering America: 1936–1938 SEVEN - Czechoslovakia and Germany: 1938–1941 EIGHT - The United States at War: 1941–1944 NINE - Back in the U.S.S.R.: 1944–1945 TEN - A Very Long Telegram: 1945–1946 Part III ELEVEN - A Grand Strategic Education: 1946 TWELVE - Mr. X: 1947 THIRTEEN - Policy Planner: 1947–1948 FOURTEEN - Policy Dissenter: 1948 FIFTEEN - Reprieve: 1949 SIXTEEN - Disengagement: 1950 Part IV SEVENTEEN - Public Figure, Private Doubts: 1950–1951 EIGHTEEN - Mr. Ambassador: 1952 NINETEEN - Finding a Niche: 1953–1955 TWENTY - A Rare Possibility of Usefulness: 1955–1958 TWENTY-ONE - Kennedy and Yugoslavia: 1958–1963 Part V TWENTY-TWO - Counter-Cultural Critic: 1963–1968 TWENTY-THREE - Prophet of the Apocalypse: 1968–1980 TWENTY-FOUR - A Precarious Vindication: 1980–1990 TWENTY-FIVE - Last Things: 1991–2005 EPILOGUE Acknowledgements ABBREVIATIONS TO NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX ALSO BY JOHN LEWIS GADDIS ALSO BY JOHN LEWIS GADDIS The Cold War: A New History Surprise, Security, and the American Experience The Landscape of History: How Historians Map the Past We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History The United States and the End of the Cold War: Implications, Reconsiderations, Provocations The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941–1947 THE PENGUIN PRESS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. • Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) • Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England • Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) • Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) • Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi–110 017, India • Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) • Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in 2011 by The Penguin Press, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. Copyright © John Lewis Gaddis, 2011 All rights reserved LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Gaddis, John Lewis. George F. Kennan : an American life / John Lewis Gaddis. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN : 978-1-101-54810-3 1. Kennan, George F. (George Frost), 1904–2005. 2. United States—Foreign relations—1945–1989. 3. World politics—1945–1989. 4. United States—Foreign relations—Soviet Union. 5. Soviet Union—Foreign relations—United States. 6. Cold war—Diplomatic history. 7. Diplomats—United States— Biography. 8. Ambassadors—United States—Biography. I. Title. E748.K374G34 2011 327.730092—dc23 [B] 2011021786 Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and punishable by law. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrightable materials. Your support of the author’s rights is appreciated. While the author has made every effort to provide accurate telephone numbers and Internet addresses at the time of publication, neither the publisher nor the author assumes any responsibility for errors, or for changes that occur after publication. Further, publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party Web sites or their content. http://us.penguingroup.com In memory of Annelise Sørensen Kennan 1910–2008 without whom it would not have been possible
Description: