Gardner’s Art through the Ages: A Global History PDF
Preview Gardner’s Art through the Ages: A Global History
1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd iiii 88//33//1111 44::5577 AAMM G A R D N E R ’ S ART AGES through the Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd ii 88//33//1111 44::5577 AAMM Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd iiii 88//33//1111 44::5577 AAMM G A R D N E R ’ S FRED S. KLEINER ART AGES I I through e m the u l o V A GLOBAL HISTORY FOURTEENTH EDITION Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd iiiiii 88//33//1111 44::5577 AAMM This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd iiii 88//33//1111 44::5577 AAMM Gardner’s Art through the Ages: © 2013, 2009, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning A Global History, Fourteenth Edition, Volume II ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright Fred S. Kleiner herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web Publisher: Clark Baxter distribution, information networks, or information storage and re- Senior Development Editor: Sharon Adams Poore trieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission Assistant Editor: Ashley Bargende of the publisher. 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Senior Art Director: Cate Rickard Barr Senior Print Buyer: Mary Beth Hennebury Library of Congress Control Number: 2011931490 Rights Acquisition Specialist, Images: Mandy Groszko Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-1-111-77152-2 Production Service & Layout: Joan Keyes, Dovetail ISBN-10: 1-111-77152-9 Publishing Services Text Designer: tani hasegawa Cover Designer: tani hasegawa Wadsworth Cover Image: © akg-images/Rabatti-Domingie 20 Channel Center Street Compositor: Thompson Type, Inc. Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Japan. Locate your local offi ce at international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your course and learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Instructors: Please visit login.cengage.com and log in to access instructor-specifi c resources. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd iivv 88//55//1111 1122::4411 PPMM Sandro Botticelli, Young Man Holding a Medal of Cosimo de’ Medici, ca. 1474–1475. Tempera and gilded gesso on wood, 1′ 10–5″ × 1′ 5–3″. 8 8 Galleria degli Uffi zi, Florence. T R Th e name of one family—the Medici of Florence—has become synonymous with the extraordinary A cultural phenomenon called the Italian Renaissance. Of all the painters the Medici employed, perhaps the most famous today is Sandro Botticelli (1444–1510). In this early example of a portrait of a man R or woman represented against a bird’s-eye view of a landscape with the face in a three-quarter view—a E compositional formula later used by Leonardo da Vinci for Mona Lisa—Botticelli painted a young man V proudly displaying a large medal. Portrait medals were popular in Italian humanistic circles at this time O because they constituted a revival of an ancient Roman tradition. Th is medal, which Botticelli fashioned C separately in gilded gesso relief and inserted into the wood panel, is a replica of a medal portraying Cosimo de’ Medici (1389–1464). Th e identity of the young man is unknown. Some scholars think he is E Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’ Medici (1463–1503). Whoever the young man is, he wished to advertise in H the portrait he commissioned that he was associated with the powerful banker who, although he and T family members rarely held offi cial positions in the Florentine government, was the de facto ruler of the republic. Th e Medici wielded infl uence through their friends and clients. Th is young man was more T likely one of those supporters than a Medici himself. U Portraits are common subjects in many societies but by no means all. Th ey are almost unknown, O for example, in medieval Europe, when, as in antiquity, most artists toiled in anonymity to fulfi ll the wishes of their patrons. Art through the Ages surveys the art of all periods from prehistory to the pres- B ent, and worldwide, and examines how artworks of all kinds have always refl ected the historical contexts A in which they were created. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd vv 88//55//1111 1122::4411 PPMM BR I EF C ON T EN T S PREFACE xiv CHAPTER 26 ROCOCO TO NEOCLASSICISM: INTRODUCTION THE 18TH CENTURY IN EUROPE WHAT IS ART HISTORY? 1 AND AMERICA 726 CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 27 LATE MEDIEVAL ITALY 400 ROMANTICISM, REALISM, PHOTOGRAPHY: EUROPE AND CHAPTER 20 AMERICA, 1800 TO 1870 754 LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY RENAISSANCE NORTHERN EUROPE 534 CHAPTER 28 IMPRESSIONISM, POST-IMPRESSIONISM, CHAPTER 21 SYMBOLISM: EUROPE AND AMERICA, THE RENAISSANCE IN 1870 TO 1900 798 QUATTROCENTO ITALY 558 CHAPTER 29 CHAPTER 22 MODERNISM IN EUROPE AND AMERICA, RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM IN 1900 TO 1945 834 CINQUECENTO ITALY 598 CHAPTER 30 CHAPTER 23 MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM HIGH RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM IN EUROPE AND AMERICA, IN NORTHERN EUROPE AND SPAIN 644 1945 TO 1980 898 CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 31 THE BAROQUE IN ITALY CONTEMPORARY ART WORLDWIDE 940 AND SPAIN 668 CHAPTER 32 CHAPTER 25 SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA, THE BAROQUE IN NORTHERN 1200 TO 1980 974 EUROPE 694 vi Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd vvii 88//33//1111 44::5577 AAMM CHAPTER 33 CHAPTER 37 CHINA AND KOREA, 1279 TO 1980 988 AFRICA, 1800 TO 1980 1060 CHAPTER 34 NOTES 1080 JAPAN, 1336 TO 1980 1004 GLOSSARY 1083 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1092 CHAPTER 35 NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS, CREDITS 1103 1300 TO 1980 1022 MUSEUM INDEX 1107 SUBJECT INDEX 1111 CHAPTER 36 OCEANIA BEFORE 1980 1042 Brief Contents vii Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd vviiii 88//33//1111 44::5577 AAMM CON T EN T S PREFACE xiv CHAPTER 20 LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION NORTHERN EUROPE 534 WHAT IS ART HISTORY? 1 Th FRAMING THE ERA e Virgin in | Art History in the 21st Century 2 a Flemish Home 535 Diff erent Ways of Seeing 13 TIMELINE 536 Northern Europe in the 15th Century 536 Burgundy and Flanders 536 CHAPTER 14 France 550 LATE MEDIEVAL ITALY 400 Holy Roman Empire 552 ❚ MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Tempera and Oil FRAMING THE ERA Late Medieval or | Painting 539 Proto-Renaissance? 401 ❚ MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Framed Paintings 543 TIMELINE 402 ❚ ART AND SOCIETY: The Artist’s Profession in Flanders 545 13th Century 402 ❚ MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Woodcuts, Engravings, and Etchings 556 14th Century 406 ❚ RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY: The Great Schism, MAP 20-1 France, the duchy of Burgundy, and the Holy Roman Empire in 1477 536 Mendicant Orders, and Confraternities 404 ❚ ART AND SOCIETY: Italian Artists’ Names 405 THE BIG PICTURE 557 ❚ MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Fresco Painting 408 ❚ WRITTEN SOURCES: Artists’ Guilds, Artistic Commissions, and Artists’ Contracts 410 ❚ ART AND SOCIETY: Artistic Training in Renaissance Italy 414 MAP 14-1 Italy around 1400 405 THE BIG PICTURE 421 viii Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 1155442244__FFMMVVooll22__ii--xxxx..iinndddd vviiiiii 88//33//1111 44::5577 AAMM
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