GAMOCHAETA SIMPLICICAULIS (ASTERACEAE: GNAPHALIEAE) IN FOUR SOUTHEASTERN STATES AND NEW FOR NORTH AMERICA

6 Pages·1999·2.3 MB·English

by  Guy L Nesom

GAMOCHAETA SIMPLICICAULIS(ASTERACEAE:
GNAPHALIEAE)INFOURSOUTHEASTERN
STATESANDNEWFORNORTHAMERICA
GUY NESOM
L.
BiotaofNorthAmericaProgram—NorthCarolinaBotanicalGarden
CokerHaUCB3280
UniversityofNorthCarolina
ChapelHill,NC27599-3280, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
ThepresenceottheSouthAmericannativeGamochaeU/simplicica/ilis(WiUd.exSjireng.)
CabreraisdocumentedforNorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,Florida,andAlabama,based
onspecimensmNCUandUS.Ithasnot]:)reviouslybeenincludedinaccountsoftheNorth
Americanflora.ThespeciesapparentlyisabundantonthecoastalplainoftheCarolinas,
wherefirstcollectedin1957,andmaybeexpectedtooccurwithfrecjuencyinotherre-
gionsoftheAtlanticandGulfCoastalplain.Amorphologicaldescription,illustration,
andspecimencitationsareprovided.
RESUMEN
SedocumentalapresenciadelaplantanativadeSurAmericaGamodyaetaaiDiplificaulu
(Willd.exSpreng.)CabreraenCarolinadelNorte,CarolinadelSur,Florida,yAlabama,
basadaenespeci'menesdepositadosenNCUyUS.Nohabfasidoincluidapreviamenteen
losinformesdelafloranorteamericana.Laespecieesaparentementeabundanteenlallanura
costeradelasCarolinas,dondefuecolectadaporprimeravezen1957,ypuedequesede
confrecuenciaenotrasregionesdelallanuracosteradelAtlanticoydelGolfo.Seofrecen
unadescripcionmorfologica,unailustracionycitasespeci'menes.
TheSouthAmericannativeGamochaetasimplicicaulis(Willd.exSpreng.)
CabrerawasnotedtooccurinFloridabyPruski(1997)inhisaccountof
theAsteraceaeoftheVenezuelanGuayana.Thedistributionofthisspecies,
otherwiseunreportedforNorth America,isfurtherdocumented herefor
NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,andAlabama,basedonspecimenshoused
inNCU.Itwasnotincludedinaccountso'iGamochaeta(Nesom 1990)for
theUnitedStatesorthesoutheasternUnitedStates(Godfrey1958;Arriagada
1997).Gamochaetasimplicicaulisapparentlyisrelativelywidespreadonthe
coastalplainoftheCarolinas,whereitisknownfromfivecoastalandnear-
coastalcountiesofNorthCarolinaandeverySouthCarolinacountyadja-
centtotheAtlanticOcean,exceptone.ThelocalitiesinWaltonCo.,Florida
(easternpanhandle),andMobileCo.,Alabama,areimmediatelyadjacent
totheGulfcoast.
Thefirstcollectionso{GamochaetasimplicicaulisfromtheUnitedStates
SiDAlcS(4):1259-1264.1999
,.
1260 Sii5A18(1)
apparentlyweremadein1957IromsixSouthCarolinacountiesinconnec-
tionwithpreparationoftheFloraoltheCarolinas.Judgingfromtheal-
readyrelativelyabundantdistributionofthespeciesbythemid ]96()s,at
leastintheCaroHnas,itisprobablethatitscurrentdistributionisbroader
thanthepresentreportindicates.ThespeciesalmostcertainlyoccursinGeorgia
andshouldbesought inJMississippiandLouisiana. Ithasbeencollected
fromonecountynearlycontiguouswithsoutheasternVirginia(Pasquotank
Co.,NC).
Thenativerangeo'iGanKKhactcisniipl'ic'iciiidisisSouthAmerica,whereit
isknownfromArgentina,Chile,Bolivia,Uruguay,Paraguay,Brazil,Guyana.,
Venezuela,andColombia(Cabrera 1961, 1963;Pruski 1997). Italsohas
becomenaturalizedinNewZealand(Drury 1971;Webb 19H8).
GamochaetasimplkkaulisinNCUcollectionshasbeenidentifiedasGamochaeta
purpurea(L.)CabreraandGamochaetaamerkana(P.Mill.)Wedd.butiscon-
sistentlydistinguishedfromboth,asinthefollowingkey.
1.Uppersurfaceofleaveslooselyantlli^t;litlybutpersistentlytomentose,dull;
invokicralbractslightlyvilloiis-tomeiitDseonthelowerthird;biennial.
G.purpurea
1.Uppersurfaceotleavescompletelyt;labrous,shiny;involucralbracts^'labrous
frombasetoapex;anntialorbiennial 2
2.Plants(30-)5()—8'^cmtall,usuallybasallyandstrictlyerect;basaland
lowercaulineleavesonelongateinternodes,commonlywitheredandde-
cidiiotisatflowering,relativelyeven-sizedtoabovemidstem,theupper
caulinelinear-lanceolatetolinear-oblanceolateandapicallylong-acute,
clustersofsmallleavesproducedinthecatdineaxils;capittilainsmall
glomerulesinanelongate,interruptedcapirulescence,sometimeswith
well-developetllateralbranches,theglomertilesusuallysubtendedbylinear,
spreadingbractslongerthantheglomerules;outerinvolucralbractsovate,
apicallyactire-acuminare,hyaline,withoutcolor;annualorbiennial,flowering
mostlyJuly-August G.simplicicauli.s
2.PlantsI)—3'5(-'5())cmtall,basallydecumbent-ascending;basalleavesin
arosette,persistentatflowering,thecaulineleavescjuicklyreducedin
sizeabovethebasal,theuppermostlyoblanceolateandapicallyrounded,
axillaryclustersofsmallleavesabsent;capitiilamanarrow,elongate,generally
compactbutsometimesinterruptedca|Mtulescence,thebractsfewand
shorterthantheglomerules;outerinvolucralbractselliptic-ovate,apically
obtusetorounded,oftenslightlyptirplish;biennial,floweringmostlyApril-
June G.aniericana
Gamochaetasimplicaulis(Willd.exSpreng.)Cabrera,Bol.Soc.Argent.
Bot.9:379. 1961.(Figs. 1,2)Cucipbdluimsimplicicai/lcWilld.exSpreng.,Sysi
Veg.3:181.1826.Gih/phcili/nnl^/ypun/nuvar.si»ipliciuii/U'(Willd.exSpreng.)Klati
WLiinlnladeean4o2w;f1icilOi.e1HS"'i89.3!T,^'pPhio;to[V-eUnSe!/).t.iela.hdo.Sucni]Gumana,liiimholJt,]4j(H-
Annualsorbiennials,strictlyerect,(30—)5()—85cmtall,fibrous-rooted,
thestemscommonlysimple,strictlyerect,andsinglefromthebaseorwith
Nesom,GamochaetasimplicicaLili 1261
s
B
Fig.1.HabitandinvolucreofGa/j/ochae/asimpHciai/iUs(Ahles32138).
1262 SiDA1,S(4)
I''it..2.InvolLicraliiractsolCuniiin'ljiiiliis'lDililiciiiiiilh{/MiUs]i)('iH4)inner,mitkllc,antlouter
(IroniIclrtori^i^ht).
2-5 basallyasccndiiiiz,seems,denselyandcloselywhite-tomentose.Leaves
denselyandcloselywhite-felty-matted beneath,completelyglabrousand
shinyaboveatmaturity,flat,themidribnotdepressed,withmarginsclosely
tmdtilateandappearingnearlycrenulate,thebasalandlowercaulineleaves
oblanceolatetooblanceolate-spatulate,5—9cmlong,0.6-1.8cmwide,on
somewhatelongated internodes(notinarosette), thebasal leavesusually
witheredanddeciduous byHowering,graduallybecomingsmallerabove
mid-stem,theuppercaulineleaveslinear-lanceolatetolinear-oblanceolate
andapicallylong-acute;clustersofsmallleavesproducedintheaxilsofmid
anduppercaulineleaves.Capitulainsmallglomerules inanarrow,elon-
gate,interruptedcapitulescence((S—)16—30cmlong,sometimeswithwell-
developed,ascending,lateralbranches, theglomerulesusuallysubtended
bylinearbractslongerthantheglomerulesandusuallyspreadingatright
angles; involucrescylindric-campanulate, 3—3.5 mm high,theinvolucral
bractsovatetooblong,scariotisandbrownishtotan,withoutredorpurple
pigments,glabrousfrombasetotip,apicallyacuminate-apiculate.Achenes
0.5-0.6mmlong.Flowering(June-)July-August(-(^crober).
GciiHochdetcisimpluuLiidisapparentlygrowsinopensites,asthehabitats
aredescribedfromthesotitheasternUS,buttheyotherwisearevariable(roadsides,
helds,openwoodlands,dunes),exceptthatasandystibstratemaybecon-
stant. Pruski(1997)notedthathabitats(orthespecies intheVenezuelan
Nesom,Gamochaerasimplicicaulis 1263
Guayanaare"savannas,roadsides,forestborders,tepuimeadows,rockout-
crops,8()()—2100m."ThelatesummertofallfloweringofG.stmplickaulh
alsodistinguishesitfromallothereasternNorthAmericanGa/nochaeta,which
flowerprimarilyinthespring.
Collectionsexamined.UNITEDSTATES.ALABAMA.MobileCo.:DaLiphinIsland,
FBeLaOLiRrIegDaArd.StW.,alnetaornApCao.l:acehdegAeveo.f,psinuennwyoroodasdsaildeo,ng15LaJiurldyD1r9i6v5e,,R4.mDienSnmo/fsFrDe5e7po6rt(,NC5UJ)u.l
197I,H.A.Davis13917(VSfideJohnPruski).NORTHCAROLINA.BrunswickCo.:
alongrailroadtracks1/2miSofUSroutes74and76,25Jul1965,M.N.Sears1914(NCU).
NewHanoverCo.:raisedlandinbrackishmarsh,causewaytoWrightsvilleBeach,29
Jun 1963,H.E.Ahles58631(NCU);dredgeislandonWrightsvilleCauseway,sand,29
Jun 1963,A.McCrary405(NCU).PasquotankCo.:vicmityofWeeksvilleonNC170,
disturbedswampborder,25Jun1958,H.E.Ahles44345(NCU).PenderCo.:ca5miN
ofjetHwy210andHwy17inHampstead,onHwy17atSt.Jude'schurch,sandfield
withscatteredpines,19July1999,G.Ne.wmNC997-5(BRIT,FLAS,GA,GII,LSU,MISS,
NCU,TEX,US,USCH,WILLI-tobedistributed).WayneCo.:CliffsoftheNeuseState
LtPhaIirNckk,Ae.otsp,Been5raJkrueelalet1yh9r5Co7ou,.g:Hh.3wE.o.5odAmhlilaenSsd,o3f01j6e8tJ4uSlC(1N69C6aU5n,-d2H.3Es1.h1eeAthosln)e;sdic3ra9t62r3om9aid(WN(CWUo)fo.fHSMoonOneUycTkHsHilCCloAronRneOrS)-C,
45,sandyroadside,15Jul[939,H.E.Ahles52983(NCU);wastegroundaroundtheSantee
WoolCombingMill,JamestownonSCRte.45,11JulI960,H.E.Ahles33783(NCU).
CharlestonCo.:3.3mifromWarrensCrossRoadsoncounryroad,21Jul 1957,H.E.
Ahles32138(NCV).DorchesterCo.:1.5miESEofBamberg-DorchesterCo.lineonCounty
11,20Jul1957,H.E.Ahles31825(NCLJ).GeorgetownCo.:RetreatBeach,SandFlat,
22Aug 1957,A.E.Radford28309(NCU);DuBordieuIsland,innersanddunes,22Jul
1961,H.E.Ahles34863(NCU).HorryCo.:SSEofConwayatjet4.3miESEofPeeDee
Crossroads,lowwoodsandpinelands,19Oct1957,C.R.Bell10930(NCU).JasperCo.:
SmaivaWnnoafh,OrNa.nWge.buRregf-ugDeo,rc2h8esAtuegrc1o9u5n9t,yEl.iOn.eMoenllUiSng1er78s.na.nd(N2C.U3)m.iOSrWanogledbirutrrgoaCdo,.:sacnady2
uplandwoods, 19Jul 1957,H.E.Ahles31807(NCU).WilliamsburgCo.:5.6miSof
HemmwayonSC41,sandyroadside,15Jul1959,H.E.Ahles32984(NCU).
TheNCUcollectionswerevariouslyannotated in 1997 asGamochaeta
purpureciand G. cinierKanabyDr.J.E. Arriagada,aspartofthecomplete
NCUcollectionofsoutheasternUSInuleae{seyisuIcito)studiedfortheGe-
nericFloraoftheSoutheasternUnitedStates(Arriagada1997).Hisanno-
tations fortheentire set, however,withoutexception, merelyrepeat the
mostrecentprevious identification,excepttoupdatethegenericnameor
replaceputativesynonyms.Adiscussionofunresolvedtaxonomicandno-
menclaturalcomplexitiesregardingG.purpureaandG. americana,aswell
asotherpreviouslyunreportedspecieso'iGamochaetafortheNorthAmeri-
canflora,isforthcoming(Nesominprep.).
ac;knc)wledgments
IamgratefultoJohnPruski(Dept.ofBotany,SmithsonianInstitution)
forprovidingcollectiondataandaphotocopyoftheFloridacollectionat
US(firstidentifiedcorrectlybyHaroldRobinson),aswellasvariouscom-
1264 Siiw18(4)
meiitsonthemanuscript,TedBarkeleyandLowellUrbatschforcomments
on themanuscript,JimMasseyandMaryFelton(NCUatUNC-CH)for
helpinherbariumstudies,BillBurkandJeffBeam(UNCCouchBotanical
Library)forhelpinobtainingliterature,and,especially,roSusanWhirheld
(Dept.ofBiology,UNC-CH)forthefineillustration.
Ri;i-iiRi:N(;i;s
Arkiacada,J.n.1997.'Flu-,neneraotIinileac-(C^ompusitac-;Asrcract-ac)int!u-soLitluasicrn
DiiiteclStates.HarvardPap.Bot.3:1-48.
(_;aiiki](A,A.L,1961.ObservacionessobrelasIniileae-Gnaphalinae(Cx)mp()Sitae)ck-America
ck-lSur.lk)l.S(K.Ar^i^enr.Bot.9:359-386.
Cabki.ra,A.L.1963-I'loraciclaProvintiadcHm-nosAires,ParreVI.C.ompuescas.(xjleccion
CienriHcadell.N.T.A.BuenosAires,Ar^'cntina.
Dkushecyt,ioDn.Cft/.'(/1w9wc7/!1;/.cT/ihVe—CAommpeorsiictaane)s.picNaerewcuZdeawleaenddsja,dvBeontt.i9ve:1to57N-e1w83Z.ealand:iCi/aphi////////
GoDiiu^,R.K. 1938.AsynopsisolGiuiphc/lniiii((^ompositae)inthesotitheasternUniteel
States.Quart,j.FloridaAcad.Sci.21:177-184.
Nf.som,Ci.T..1990.ThetaxonomicstatusofCiiiiiochiUtci(Asteraceae:Inuleae)andthesjie-
ciesoliheUnitedStates.Phytologia68:186-198.
Pki'ski,j.l'. 1997.Asteraceae.FloraoftheVenezuelanCitiayana3:177-393.
Wi:iin,C.j. 1988.Ciuiphdrnim.FloraoFNewZealand4:234-249.