Gall-feeding habits in Lepidoptera of Japan. I : Three different types of galls

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TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
utLma 7)'ans fiepicStoc..Japan54(1): 31-39,January 2003

Gall-feedin ghabits in Lepidoptera of Japan. I: Three different
typesof galls

Kazuo YAMAzAKii) and Shirij iSuGiuRA2)
i) Osaka City lnstitu tofe Publi cHealth and Environmental Science s8,-34 Tojo-cho,
Tennoji-ku,Osaka,543-O026 Japan

2} Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate Sehool of Agricultur eK,yoto University,
Sakyo-ku,Kyoto, 606-8502Japan

Abstract As an incipient step to clarify gall-feedin ghabits in Lepidoptera of Japan, field
sarnpling of three distin cttypes of gall sin addition to fiel dobservation was conducted in the
Kinki distri ccte,ntral Japan. The colLectecl galls were reared in the laborator yte examine
cecidophagous lepidopter afnauna . 1) In spinous twig-gall son euercu aseutissima (Fagaceae)
trees by the gall wasp 7)ichagaima serratae (Ashmea d()Cynipid Hayeme,noptera), oyer half of
the gal lc]urnps (58.3-1o ower%e) attacked by lepidopteran larvae. Four lepidopteran speeies,
Characoma rufairra (Hampson) (Noctuida eA)n,thioplecta pulverula (Meyric (kT)ortricidae),
Anatrachyntt sjaponi cKauroko (Cosmopterygid aaned) IO/patima sp. (Gelechiid aeecl)os,ed
from the galls . The latte trwo species are fir srtocords from plant galls . A. japoni lcaarvae fed
on the lignifie dgal ltissues and attacked larval cells of the gal lwasps. Whether the larva of
H]Ilpatitn asp, fed on the gall tissues or not was unclear. 2) From oval stem-galls on the herb
Achyranthes J'oponic a(Amaranthacea eb)y the gall mfdge Lasioptera acilj,ranthii Shibji
(Cecidomyiid aDeip,tera), Amaya stellata Butler (Noctuid alaer)va ewore fbund, A. stetlata
larva efed on the epidermis of the galls ,with infestati orantes being only O-3,5% ,and therefore
littl eaffected gal lmidge larvae. 3) Frorn spherical fruit-ga llons the liana Anzpelopsis
brevipeduncula t<aVitaceae )by thp gal lmidge Asphondyha baca Monzen (Cecidomyiidae,
Diptera) ,Mlrpoptili avitis (Sasak i()Pterophor iaddualtes) eclosed. A N vitis larva could
complete it sgrowth in one gall. When larva lattack was prior to eclosion ofthe gal lmidge, the
midge larva died ofthe destructi oonfthe gall by IV Lvitis. The infestatio nrate by A[ vitts was
52.9%,
Key words Galls ,cecidophages, Anatrachynti sjaponi cNai,mpoptif ivaitis ,Amaya steLldta,
Ilypatima sp.
Introduction
Lepidopteran larva efbe don divers eorganic materials other thun normal leaf tissues; stems,
fiowers ,fruit sa,live and rotten wood, roots, fa11e nleaves ,galls ,fungi and animals (e .g
Powell, 1980; Scoble ,1992 ;Powell et al., 1998) .Among these fbDd items ,plant galls,
induced by many insect msit,es, nematodes, fungi ,viruses and bacter i(aMani 1,964) ,generally
contain richer nutrients than normal plant tissues (Mani ,1964 ;Shannon & Brewer ,l980;
Abrahamson & Weis, 1987) . Galls are therefbre fed en by many lepidoptera n1arva e(Abe,
1997 and references therein) and their damage may influenc ethe lif ehistor yofgallmakers and
gall structures (Schul t1z9,92) . However, reports on gal1-feedi n(gcecidophag ohaubsi)t sin
Lepidopter aare infrequent.
In a series of articles, we report the associations between galle rspecies and cecidophagous
lepidoptera snpecies, the tentativ eadaptive significance of cecidophagy for lepidopteran san,d
damage to galler sby cecidophages. Most cecidophagous lepidoptera snpecies are Microle-
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32 Kazuo YAMAzAKI and Shiaj iSuGIuRA
pidoptera. Consequently ,they have rarely been found ,identifi eadnd recorded, because the
Microlepidoptera have tended to be ignored by most lepidopteris atnsd, beeause making their
speci'mens and their identificat ihoanve been diMcult .We hence sampled various galls in the
fiel din as 1arg esamples as possible and reared then in the laborator yi,n addition to field
observations. The eclosed adult specimens were identifi eusding the color catalog, Moths of
.lapan Onou eet al,, 1982) or by taxonomists. The infestati oorn occurrence rate of each
cecidophagous Lepidoptera on each gal lwas recorded.
Materials
and methods
We sampled the fo11owing three gall sin the fiel d:1) spinous twig-galls on 2uercu sacutisL
sima (Fagace aetr)ees by the gal lwasp T}tichagaim asezratae (Ashmead )(Cynipidae,
Hymenoptera), 2) oval stem-galls on the herb Aclryranthe jsaponi c(aAmaranthace baye t)he
gal lmidge Lasibptera acbyranthii Shibj i(Cecidomyi iDidpateer,a), and 3) spherical fruit-
gatl son the liana Ampeioj?sts brevipeduneul a(tVaitace abey )the gal lmidge Asphondyha
baca Monzen (CecidomyiidDiapete,ra).

Galls examined and fiel dsamplings
1) Spinous twig-galls by Z seuaMe
The gal lwasp T setiratae induces unisexual gall son the twigs of e acutistsima between July
and AugtJst in the Kinki distri c(tAbe ,1995, 1996; Yamazalci & Sugiura, persona lobserva-
tion). Each gal lis covered with spines and has a larva lchamber around which there is
interna lair space. The maximum diameter of the mature gal1 is 10-15 mm. Many (about
5-30) gall soften aggregate on the twigs of e acutissima. Young T seuatae gall sare light
green and change to pale brown as they mature. Unisexual adults of the gall wasp emerge
from the gal]s between mid-Docember and January (Abe ,1995, 1996) . The gal 1structure is
modified by the attack of an inquilin geall wasp Diplonep iksunugi Shinji :the modified gal1
has no interna lair space and there are many larva lcells of inquiline csoated with lignified
galltissues(Abe,1995,1996).

We sampled T serratae gall sat the three sites :Oizumi-ryokuch iPark (34C34 'IN3,5032'E 2,0
m above sea level )N,agai Botanica lGarden (34"36 '1N3,5"32'E 9,m a.s.1,) and Kawai-dera
Temple (34026 '1N3,5035'E ,120m a,s.1. ).Oizumi-ryekuch iPark and Nagai Betanical
Garden lecatedin SakaiCity,Osaka Prefbcture Osaka City,Osaka
are urban areas, and
Prefectur ere,spectively. At these sites ,many e acutissima trees are planted together with
various native and exotic trees, shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals. At Oizumi-ryokuchi
Park, we collected one Z serratae gall clump (youn ggreen galls )from one e aeuhissima tree
on 14 July ,2001 and ene gall clump (matur epale brown galls )from another tree on 8
September ,2001, and one gal1 clump (youn ggreen galls )from the same tree that had been
sarnpled on 8 September ,on 23 September ,2oo1, Since the gal ldensit yof Z serratae at
Oizumi was relatively low, we sampled only three clumps of the gall sin total, At Nagai
Botanica lGarden, we sampled 17 clumps of gall s(pa lberown mature galls )from one 9
acuttgsima tree that were heavil yinfeste bdy the gal lwasp. Kawai-dera temple is locate idn
a rural distric t,Kawachinagano City ,Osaka Prefbctur e.At the Kawai-dera site on 8
October ,2001 ,we sampled 23 clumps of gall sfrom a e acuttgsima tree which grew near the
roadside surrounded with secondary deciduou sfbrest s,The sampled tree harbore dmany
gall sof the gal lwasp, The sampled galls were at various developmenta lstages from young
green to old dark brown. Severa lgal lclumps were mixtures of the galls with various
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developmenta lstages.
The infestati orante by lepidoptera nlarva ewas estimated by damage, fecal pellet asnd silk
attached to the galls b,ecause it appeared that some lepidopteran hsad already eclosed from
the gall sat the sampling time. Since lepidoptera lnarva ewander through several aggregated
gall swithin one clump of gall st,he infestatio nrate was calculated at the clump level,
2) Oval stem-galls by L. achyranthii
The gal1 midge L. achyranthii fbrms oval or spherical gall sin nodes of the herb A. jqponica
between May and October (Yukawa 1,996), The gall midge passe stwo or three generations
per year , A gal 1is reddish when it matures and has several (up to over 30) larva lchambers.
The gal 1size is 4-20 mm in diameter and 6-34 mm in lengt h(Yukawa ,1996),
The midge galls were collected at four sites: Mt Nijyozan, Kashiba City, Nara Prefecture
(34032 '1N35,"41'E, 180-250m a.s,1. ),Amami, Kawachinagano City ,Osaka Prefecture
(34"23 '13N5,035'E, 250-310m a.s.L), Kannabi (34026 'IN3,5"36'E ,140m a,s.L) and Yo-
koyama (34028 'IN3,5036'E ,105m a.s.1.) , Tondabayashi City ,Osaka Prefbctur e.At Mt
Nijyozan and Amami, the herb A.japonica occurred alongside streams surrounded by
plantations of the Japanese cedar, epptcvnev ia]'aponic aand the hinoki cypress,
enamaeql/pa roihstusa. At Mt Nijyozan ,we cut off 57 galls ofthe midge from A. 1'apanica
stems on 27 August, 2001. At Amami, 6 galls on 13 August, 2oo1 and 79 gall son 30 August,
2oo1 were sampled. At Kannabi and Yokoyarria ,A. japoni cgraew along the roadside and
had many gal]s of L. aeltyranthti, We collected 44 and l 1 galls at Kannabi and Yokoyama
respectively on 8 October ,2oo1. All the sampled gall swere fres hand mature.
3) Sphericalfruit-gallbsy A. baca

The gall midge A, baca makes spherical gall sin imit sof the liana A. brevipedunculata
between September and November in the Kinki distri c(tYukawa ,I996; Yarnazaki &
Sugiura persona lobservation), The midge is multivoltine, with two or three generations per
year in central Japan. The gal lis much large rthan normal frui t(8.4-l mm6, 9in diameter)
and the color is yellowish white or red-purple (Yukawa ,1996).
We collected 17 gall sof A. baca from a ramet of A. brevipeduncul oant a8 October ,2oo1 at
Mt Kintaijiyama,Kawachinagano City,Osaka Prefbcture(34027'1N3,5036'E,150m
as.1.).
The sampled plant occurred between a plantaion of the hinoki cypress and a mandarin
field.
orange
Rearings
All the collected gall swere placed in plasti bcags, transferred to our laboratori easnd, reared
in plasti ccups under laborator yconditions. Then, other plant tissues than gall swere
minimized to avoid contamination. The emerged insect sincludin ggaller sp,arasitoids,
inquiline sce,cidophages were removed and we preserve dthem as specirnens, In addition,
the galls attacked by cecidohages were dissecte wdith tweezers ,and the insid eof the gall swere
inspected under a stereomicroscope to infe rdamage by cecidophages to the gallers.
Results discussion
and
1) Spinou stwig-gall sby 71 seuatae
At the Oizumi site, all three clumps of gall scollocted were infeste dby lepidoptera nlarvae
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)
''
s}t';,'1.,
,iu-'i-/"s,t'"ma
tE ,p, ,.l.;'ill･V･f.s,11-t:
l'i',x･･e.+ttew
Figs 1-3. Adults of some gall-feedin gmoths. 1, Anatrachyntt sJ'aponic ad,ii ,emerged from
spinous twig-galls on 9uercu ascutissima by the gall wasp 7)ichagaima serratae, Wing
span: 9.82mm. 2, Hvpatim sap. eclosed from the galls by Zserratae. Wing span:
II.42mm. 3. IVippoptili nvitis, din .emerged from spherical fruit-ga lolns Ampeklpsis
bnevipenduncula tbay the gall midge Asphondytia haca .Wing span: 15.4 5mm.
Fig. 4. A larva of ?V vitis attacking the galls by A. baca (cro ssesction). Scale bar :S mm.
judgi nfrgom their feedin gdamage, attached feca lpellet sand silk. enaracoma rttfaitTa
(HampsQn ()Noctuid aaned) Andriopiect paulverula (Meyric (kT)ortrici edclaoseed) from the
(Tabl1e). At Nagai BotanicalGarden,AnatracdyntisjaponicKauroko (Cos-
gal1 clurnps
mopterygidae) (Fig .1) and A.putverul aeclosed, and an unknown noctuid larv aemerged
from but diedbefbre (Tabl1e). At Nagai,
a gal1 clump unfbrtunately pupation most gal1
bylepidoptera]narvae,At Kawai-dera,C A.
clumps were attacked rufab:ra, pulverula ,and
thpatin ispa. (Fig 2., same species as thpaima sp. 3 in Teramoto, I990) (Gelechiidae)
eclosed from the gal 1clumps (Tab l1e). The infestati ornate by lepidoptera nlarva eat
Kawai-dera was 58,3% but the clumps of old dark brown gall s(N=7) were not attacked at
all. Therefore ,excluding the old clumps, the infestati orante rose to 82,4%.
Characoma ruLfiictrra and A. putverui nwere reported to attack Z serratae gall s(Abe ,1995).
In addition, C rufainra also attacks the acorns and leave sof euereu sL,ithocarpt Aasnd
chestnuts of Castane aspp. (Sekiguc hi9i7,8 ;Sugi, 1987 ;Teramoto, 1993 ,1996 ;Fukumoto
& Kaji'mura ,1999) . A. pufueJula was reported to attack unisexual galls of the gall wasp
Andricus (Mukaigawa()Abe,1990).Abe (1995) thefeedinghabits
mukaigawae clarified of
C rtiLfibirra and A.putverul abased on dissecti oonf galls and laborato rexyperiments: C
rvLfZcima fbeds on gal 1tissues but does not attack larva clells ofgallers, while A. puberula feeds
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Table 1 . Infestati obny lepidoptera lnarvae on 7>iichagaim saen'atae galls on quercu asculis-
sitna trees in the three sites ofthe Kinki distri ct,Lepidoptera ndamage (%) was estimated
by feedin gdamage, pecal pellet sand silk attached to the gall sat gal lclump level.
- denotes none emerged.
Site Sampling date Le p i d o pt e r a em er ge d ( N o . )L e p i do p t e r a n d a M a g e ( % ) g alNlo .cl umopfs
Oizumi14 july 2001 Characoma rufainra (3) 100%100%100% 111
8 Sept. 2oo1
23 Sept .2001 Ancb'ioplec ptualvenita (3)
Nagai23 Aug. 2001Anatrachyntts japonic(a11)

Andeoplecta putverula (1) 88.2% 17
NoctuidaeGen. (1)
sp,
Kawai-dera8 Oct. 200ICharacoma rz{iZeirra (2)
Andrioplect aputverztl a(2) 58.3% 24
Elypatima (1)
sp.
on both larva lcells and their inhabitant s.Hence, C ruLfariua is a facultati vceecidophage,
which relies on both gal 1and normal plant tissue and A, putventl amay be a obligate
cecidophage, which obligatorily utilizes galls during it slarva lstage (sen sMauni, 1964).
In thi sstudy, A.japonica eclosed from gall wasp galls .This is a new host record of A.
j'aponic a,The feedin gguild of A.japonica is a scavenger that feeds on persimmon fruits
infeste dby Stathmopodo masinissa Meyrick (Stathmopodid caoett)on, fruit sdamaged by
Pectinophor agastsMpie l(lSaaunde r(sG)elechiid laaer)va, lcases and inner fece sof bagworms
(Kurok o19,82) , A.J'aponic ais thusafacultative cecidophage, Aocordingto the dissection
of the infeste dgalls ,A.J'oponica larva efed on lignifi egdall tissues in the intern aalir space
and in some cases appeared to attack larva lcells of Z seuatae, resulting in the death of the
larvae of the gal 1wasp. A. japoni caalso attacked inquiline-rnodif igeadlls.
thpatim asp. 3, an undescribed species, has been reported to feed on the leave sof 2.
acutissima and 9 variabtiZs within the leaftie (sTeramot 1o9,90 ;Ueda, personal communica-
tion), In the presen tsurvey, this species eclosed from a clump of T serratae gall sand the
insid eof the gall swere fet lby iepidoptera n1arvae .However, the galls collected at Kawai-
dera were also infeste bdy C rufaima and A, putverttl a,There was a possibilit ythat the gall
clumps were utilized as a pupation site. Therefbre ,whether this species fed on gall swas
unclear,
2) Oval stem-galls by L. ackyranthi
At Nijyozan two lepidopteran larva efed on the galls in plasti ccups, although at Amami,
Kannabi and Yokoyama sites no cecidophagous Lepidopter aemerged from 140 gall sof L.
achyranthii. These larva eexternally grazed the epidermis of the gall sand we reared them
with fres hleave sofA. japonic aT.hen, adults ofAmaya stetlata Butle r(Noctuid aecelo)sed
in early September . Since A. steilata is known to feed on leave sofA. ,iaponica (Sug i1,982),
it is a facultat icevciedophage. Although the ovipositional habit in A, sterzbta has not well
been studied, the eggs may be 1aid on or near axillary buds. Consequently, when a gall was
fbrmed in the stem node in the vicinity of the axillary bud, the hatched !arva of A, stehata
fed
on gall epidermis,
The infestati orante was O% at Amami, Kannabi and Yekoyama, and 3.5% at Nljyozan.
Furthermore ,damage by A. ste1lata was restricted to the gal 1surface and adult midges and
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pai]asito i(d7s1)r: Fspm, uasnd platygastri dssuc)cessfu11y emerged from the galls , Thus, A.
steZlata appeared to minimally affect the population of the gal 1midge.
To date ,various types of gall-feedin gLepidopter ahave been reported, However, most
records were from the gall son trees and shnbs, such as euercu (sAbe ,1995, 1997, Sugiura
et al,, 2oo2) ,Satix (Ca]tagir o1n96e4,; Clancy et al,, 1986; Sugiura & Yamazaki, 2oo2),
CZxrpinus(Yamazak&iSugiura,2002),Rhus (Yoshiyas1u98,6) Distylitr(mIt&6Hattori,
and
1982) .Therefbre ,the presen trecord from the herbaceous plant may be a rare case.
3) Sphericalfruit-gablylAs. baca

From 17 gall ssampled, 1O lepidoptera nlarva eemerged in mid October ,pupated and eclosed
as adults between 18 October and 1 November. They were identif iaes dAJippqpti lvliatts
(Sasak (iP)terophori (dFaieg )3.) . AJimpopti lviitais is known to feed on ]eave sand flewer sof
A.brevipedunculata, liVt isfaij? )hZvai,nij2?ra and dnyratia j'aponic a(Inou e,1982).
Nmpopti17a vitis is therefore a facultati vceecidophage. We could find no holes from which
larva eentered on the galls with naked eyes when sampled, suggesting direc toviposition on
the gal lsurface, Each 7V [vitis larva completed their grewth in one gall ,exited from the gall,
and pupated on the cup wall. The gal1-feedi nhgabit may be advantageous fo rAC vitis
larvae f,irst lbyecause plant galls in general contain superior nutrients to normal plant tissues
(Mani ,1964 ;Shannen & Brewer, 1980 ;Abrahamson & Weis, 1987) ,and secondly because
food intake is eificie dnute to larg egall size (of Yamazaki & Sugiura ,2oo2).
Results oflaboratory rearing and dissectio nofthe gall sare summarized in Table 2, Nine of
17 galls were infeste bdy N vitt glarva e(infesta rtatie=on 52,9%), One gal1 was fed on by two
N viti slarvae .Gall tissue swere indiscriminate lfyed on by the boring larva e(Fig.4).
Fecal pellet sof Al viti swere inspected under a stereomicroscope, but they did not contain
sternal spatula (sclerot oirgzane)d of the cecidomyiid larvae ,indicatin tghat Al vitis did not
prey on the cecidomyiid larvae ,In 5 of 17 galls ,the adults of the gal1 midge had already
eclosed when we sampled, judgi nfgrom the pupal exuviae ofthe midge protracte dfrom the
gall s,In one of the 5 galls ,the insid eof the gal 1was fed on by a N wht slarva .In 8 other
galls ,hewever, the midge larva eappeared te have died indirec tflryom the damage by AC vids
larvae .These finding ssuggest that when attacked by A[ vitts after midge eclosion, both can
cemplete their development , In this case, N vids is suggested to be a successori, that inhabits
the empty gal1 after the emergence of the gallmakers and inquiline s(sen sMauni, 1964).
This study revealed that T seuatae gall sen e acuttgsima trees were heavil yinfest ebdy
divers elepidoptera nspecies, while gal1-midge gall son the herb A.1'aponic awere seldom
attacked. The underlying mechanisms to enhance the diversi tyof cecidophagous Le-
pidoptera remain litt luenderstood, but we propose three potential factor senhancing the
Table 2. Infestati obny IVippopti hvaitis larva eon the
cecidomyiid gall sof Asphontlytia haca at Mt
Kintaijiyama K,awachinagane City, Osaka Prefec-
ture.
No. of galls
Infeste dc,ecidomyiid died 8153
Infested ,cecidomyiid eclosed
No infestati ocnec,idomyiid eclosed
Bothdied
or unknown
Total 17
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diversit yof cecidophagous Lepidoptera on 71 sei:ratae galls .Firstl ys,ome e acutissima
trees harbor larg eamounts of Z serratae gall severy year (Yamaza k&i Sugiura ,personal
observation). The galls of Z senvatae therefbre may be stable and predictable spatio-
temporal fbod sources fbr lepidopteran s(sen sFzeteny, 1976) , Secondly ,a larg eapparent
featur eofthe gall clumps and interna alir space may favour utilization ofthe galls by diyerse
lepidoptera nspecies. Thirdly, trees with complex architecture and ubiquitousness such as
euere ufosste rrich lepidoptera fnaunae (e g Lawton, 1983 ;Kennedy & Southwood, 1984),
vvrhich may facilit adtievers ececidophagous faunae on them. In futur estudies, various galls
with diflbre ngtal 1structures, the host plant tissue son which galls are fbrmed, the host plant
architecture, and the seasons and distric tshseuld be examined to clarify the associations
between gallmaker sand cecidophagous lepidopterans.
Acknowledgements
We express our sincere thanks to Drs H. Kuroko (Hanna nCity) and T. Ueda (Chiiki-
Kankyo-Keikaku Co,) fbr identificat ioofn Ananacityntt s]'aponie aand thpatim asp.,
respectively.
References
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摘 要
日本の鱗翅 目にお けるゴール 食の習性 1．一 タイプの異なる 3種の ゴ ール ー （山崎一夫 ・杉浦
真治）
日本の鱗翅目におけるゴール 食の習性を解明する足掛か りとして，近畿地方において 3種の タイプの
異なるゴール を野外で観察 サン プ リングし 室内で飼育した．
， ，
D　クヌ ギエ ダイガフ シ （クヌギ枝の クヌ ギエ ダイガタ マ バ チ Trichagalma 　serratae （Ashmead ）（ハ
チ 目タマ バ チ科）に よる ゴール）か らは，4種の鱗翅目，す なわ ちネス ジ キノカ ワガ Characoma
rガufa肋irrαα磁（Hca妙mp諮s 。nノa）po（nヤicaガ　科Ku）r，okハoマ（キカガザ科リのバ一ガP科t　）Andキriバoplガec科ta　のpu一lv種er　uHlJa　p（aMtciymra’i　cskp），．マがダ羽化ラ しトガた，リホゴーソ
，
一
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Gall−feedin　gHabits　in　Lepidoptera　of　Japan （1） 39
ル の固まりの半分以上 （58．3−100％）が鱗翅 目幼虫 に攻撃 されてい た．最後の 2 種がゴ ール か ら羽化 し
たの は初めて の記録で ある．マ ダラ トガ リホ ソガ幼虫 は，木質化 した ゴール組織を食べ ，タマ バ チの
幼虫室を攻撃してい た．キバ ガ科の 1種はゴール か ら羽化 したもの の ，幼虫がゴール を食べ てい たか
どうか は不明である．
2） イ ノ コ ヅチクキマ ル ズイ フ シ （イ ノ コ ヅチ茎のイ ノコ ヅチ ウロ コ タマ バ エ Lasioptera　 achyranthii
Shinji（ハ エ 目タマ バ エ 科）に よるゴール ）か らは，ご く低い率で （o−3．5％），サ ビイロ コ ヤガ Am αya
stellata　Butler（ヤガ科）幼虫が発見 された．本種はゴール の表皮 を食害 したが，タマ バ エ 幼虫へ の影
響 はほ とん どなか っ た．
3） ノブドウミフ クレ フシ （ノ ブドウ果実の ノ ブ ドウミタマ バ エ Asphondyli　abacα Monzen をこよる
ゴール ）か らは，ブ ドウ トリバ Ni　ρoptilia　vittS（Sasaki）が羽化 した．本種の幼虫 1個体は 1個のゴー
ル で発育 を完了した．本種の攻撃が タマ バ エ の羽化 より前の場合，タマ バ エ 幼虫は本種の ゴール へ の
加害によ り死亡 してい た．攻撃率は 52．9％で あっ た．
AcceptedSepternber6 2002
（ 　 　 ）
，
Publishe　dby　the　Lepidopterologic　aSlociet　yof　Japan，
5−20，Motoyokoyama 2 HachiojiTokyo，192−0063Japan

， ，
一
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