Galileo’s Logical Treatises: A Translation, with Notes and Commentary, of His Appropriated Latin Questions on Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics

263 Pages·1992·4.5 MB·English

by  William A. Wallace (auth.)

GALILEO'S LOGICAL TREATISES
BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Editor
ROBERT S. COHEN, Boston University
Editorial Advisory Board
ADOLF GRUNBAUM, University of Pittsburgh
SYLVA N S. SCHWEBER, Brandeis University
JOHN J. STACHEL, Boston University
MARX W. WARTOFSKY, Baruch College of
the City University ofN ew York
VOLUME 138
WILLIAM A. WALLACE
University of Maryland al College Park
GALILEO'S LOGICAL
TREATISES
A Translation, with Notes and Commentary,
of His Appropriated Latin Questions on Aristotle's
Posterior Analytics
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Oal1lei, Oal1leo, 1564-1642.
[Select10ns. English. 1992]
Oal11eo's log1cal treatises : a translat10n, w1th notes and
coamentary, of h1s appropr1ated Lat1n quest10ns on Ar1stotle's
Poster10r analyt1cs I W1111aa A. Wallace.
p. ca. -- (Boston stud1es 1n the ph110sophy of sc1ence ; v.
138)
Includes b1bl10graph1cal references and 1ndexes.
ISBN 978-90-481-4116-6 ISBN 978-94-015-8036-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8036-6
1. Log1c, Modern--16th century. 1. Wallace, W1111am A.
II. Ţ1tle. III. Ser1es.
0174.B67 voI. 138
[B785.022E5]
001' .01 s--dc20
[ 160] 91-36925
ISBN 978-90-481-4116-6
Set: 0-7923-1579-0
Printed on acid·free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1992
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
ABBREVIA TIONS xix
INTRODUCTION
Description of MS 27 4
Galileo's Sources: Manuscripts Of Printed Works? 6
Vallius and Carbone 9
Vallius's Logica 9
Carbone's Work 11
Dating the Manuscripts 13
Possible Sources of MS 27 14
Lorinus 17
Carbone 20
Vitelleschi 23
Rugerius 25
lenes 25
Vallius as the Source of MS 27 27
Correlations and Comparisons 31
Ordering of Questions 35
The Time and Place of Composition of MS 27 37
Clavius and Vallius 37
Time of Appropriation 39
MS 46: The Physical Questions 40
The Questions and Possible Sources 40
Menu 42
Vallius 45
Correlations and Comparisons 47
The Problem of Dating MS 46 50
Treatises on the Heavens 51
Treatises on Generation 56
Carbone Again 57
v
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
MS 71: The De molu Treatises 59
Memoranda on Motion (MS 46) 59
Contents of MS 71 60
Additional Sources 63
Buonamici 63
Borro and Fantoni 66
Mazzoni and Benedetti 69
The Relationship of MS 27 to Galileo's Science 72
Astronomical Demonstrations 74
The Study of Motion 76
NOTES 79
TREATISE ON FOREKNOWLEDGES
AND FOREKNOWNS
F2 Second Disputation: On Foreknowledges of Principles 87
F2.1 Whether for every principle [the answer to] t)le
question "Is it [true]?" must be known beforehand? 87
F2.2 Must nominal definitions of the terms occurring in
first principles be foreknown? 88
F2.3 Must principles be foreknown actually or habitually? 89
F2.4 Should the principles of sciences be so evident that
they cannot be proved by any reasoning? 90
F3 Third Disputation: On Foreknowledges [of the Subject] 91
F3.1 What does Aristotle mean by the term "is" when he
says that the "is" of the subject must be foreknown? 91
F3.2 Can a science demonstrate the "is" of existence of its
adequate subject? 95
F3.4 Can a science demonstrate the [answer to the question]
"Is it?" of its partial subject? 97
F3.5 Can a science manifest the real definition of its subject
and explain its [existence} apodictically? 99
F3.6 What does Aristotle mean by foreknowledge of the
quiddity when he says that the quiddity that is said
[of the subject] must be foreknown? 101
F4 Last Disputation: On Foreknowledges of the Property and of
the Conclusion 102
TABLE OF CONTENTS Vll
F4.1 Must the existence of a property be foreknown? 102
F4.2 Is the conclusion known at the same time and with the
same priority as the premises? 104
NOTES AND COMMENTARY
F2 On Foreknowledges of Principles
F2.1 Must every principle be foreknown to be true? 107
F2.2 Must nominal definitions of terms in first principles
be foreknown? 108
F2.3 Must principles be foreknown actualIy or habitualIy? 109
F2.4 Must principles be self-evident and incapable of proof? 110
F3 On Foreknowledges of Subjects
F3.1 What does Aristotle mean by the "is" of the subject? 112
F3.2 Can a science demonstrate the existence of its
adequate subject? 116
F3.4 Can a science demonstrate the existence of its
partial subject? 118
F3.5 Can a science manifest the real definition of its
subject? 119
F3.6 What does Aristotle mean by foreknowledge of the
subject's quiddity? 120
F4 On Foreknowledges of Properties and Conclusions
F4.1 Must the existence of a property be foreknown? 121
F4.2 Is the conclusion known simultaneously with
the premises? 122
TREATISE ON DEMONSTRATION
Dl First Disputation: On the Nature and Importance of
Demonstration 127
D1.l On the definition of demonstration 127
Dl.2 Is demonstration the best of alI instruments of
scientific knowing, or is definition? 129
D2 Second Disputation: On the Properties of Demonstration 138
D2.1 Is demonstration composed of true premises? 138
D2.2 Must demonstration be made from premises that are
first and prior? 140
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
D2.3 What does Aristotle mean by immediate propositions
when he teaches that demonstration must be made
from them? 143
D2.4 Must every demonstration be made from immediate
premises, and how? 145
D2.5 Do alI immediate self-evident principles enter into
each demonstration? 147
D2.6 Is demonstration made from premises that are more
known, and is knowledge of the premises greater and
more perfect than that of the conclusion? 150
D2.7 Must demonstration be made from propositions that
are necessary and said of every instance, and how? 155
D2.8 [How many modes of speaking essentially are there,
and what propositions are contained under them?] 158
D2.9 What are the rules for recognizing propositions
contained in the first and second modes, and are
there more than two modes of predicating? 163
D2.1O What are the modes that serve the purposes of
demonstration? 165
D2.11 What is a universal predication, and what propositions
are contained under it? 167
D2.12 Must perfect demonstrations be made from
propositions that are essential, universal, and proper? 169
D3 Third Disputation: On the Species of Demonstration 172
D3.1 How many species of demonstration are there? 172
D3.2 How are demonstrations of the reasoned fact and
demonstrations of the fact similar and dissimilar,
and on the division of the latter 179
D3.3 Is there a demonstrative regress? 180
NOTES AND COMMENTARY
Dl On the Nature and Importance of Demonstration
D1.1 On the definition of demonstration 184
D1.2 Is demonstration the best of all instruments of
knowing? 186
D2 On the Properties of Demonstration
D2.1 Is demonstration composed of true premises? 190
D2.2 Must premises of demonstrations be first and prior? 191
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
D2.3 What does Aristotle mean by immediate propositions? 192
D2.4 Must every demonstration be made from immediate
premises? 194
D2.5 Do ali self-evident propositions enter into every
demonstration? 196
D2.6 Is demonstration made from premises that are more
known? 198
D2.7 Must demonstration be made from propositions
that are immediate and said of every instance? 200
D2.8 How many modes of speaking essentially are there? 202
D2.9 What are the rules for propositions in the first and
second modes? 204
D2.1O What modes serve the purposes of demonstration? 206
D2.11 What is a universal predication? . 207
D2.12 Must perfect demonstrations be made from
propositions that are essential, universal, and proper? 208
D3 On the Species of Demonstration
D3.1 How many species of demonstration are there? 209
D3.2 How are demonstrations of the reasoned fact and
of the fact similar and dissimilar? 212
D3.3 Is there a demonstrative regress? 213
BIOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER 216
CONCORDANCE OF ENGLISH AND LATIN EDITIONS 225
INDEX OF TERMS 227
INDEX OF NAMES 237
x TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Relevant Contents of Lorinus's Logic Course 18
Table 2. Relevant Contents of Vallius-Carbone's Additamenta 21
Table 3. Galileo's Abbreviation of Vallius's Lecture Notes 22
Table 4. Relevant Contents of Vitelleschi's Logic Course 24
Table 5. Relevant Contents of Rugerius's Logic Course 26
Table 6. Relevant Contents of Jones's Logic Course 28
Table 7. Relevant Contents of Vallius's Logica of 1622 30
Table 8. Textual Correlations for the Logical Questions 32
Table 9. Correlations of MS 27 with Jesuit Logic Courses 34
Table 10. The Order of Questions in Various Logic Courses 36
Table 11. Contents of Galileo's MS 46 41
Table 12. Relevant Contents of Menu's Course on De caelo,
De generatione 43
Table 13. Relevant Contents of Vallius's Lectures on
the Elements 46
Table 14. Correlations of MS 46 with J esuit Physics Courses 48
Table 15. The Order of Questions in Various Physics Courses 51