FOUR NEW SPECIES OF COLUMNEA (GESNERIACEAE) WITH PRIMARY DISTRIBUTIONS IN COLOMBIA

2013·2.7 MB·

by  James F Smith

NEW
FOUR COLUMNEA
OF
SPECIES (GESNERIACEAE)
WITH
PRIMARY COLOMBIA
DISTRIBUTIONS
IN
& Marm-Gomez
James Smith Amaya-Marquez Oscar
Marisol H.
F.
Department ofBiological Sciences Instituto de Ciencias Naturales
Boise State University Universidad Nacional de Colombia
1910 University Drive Apartado 7495
COLOMBIA
Idaho 83725- U.S.A Bogotd,
Boise, 1515,
[email protected]
Department ofBiological Sciences
Alabama
The University of
Box 870345
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION
Within systems based on morphological characters have been notoriously chal-
Gesneriaceae, classification
work
lenging when trying to align them with evolutionary relationships (Wiehler 1983). Recent molecular has
&
uncovered multiple cases of para- and polyphyletic genera (Moller Cronk 1997; Smith et al. 1998, 2004;
&
Smith 2000; Clark Zimmer 2003; Roalson et al. 2005a, 2005b, 2008; Clark et al. 2006, 2011, 2012; Moller et
Wang Although the genus Columnea has been regularly recovered as monophyletic
2009; 2010, 2011).
al. et al.
in molecular systematics studies (Clark et al. 2012), its classification has not been entirely stable as Wiehler
and and
(1973, 1983) split the genus into four genera (Columnea, Dalbergaria, Trichantha Pentadenia) de-
,
Wiehler considered within Columnea si
scribed a Bucinellina (Wiehler 1981). earlier classifications to
fifth,
convergent evolution by pollinator selection on corolla form rather than the evolution of the plants
reflect
themselves (Wiehler 1983). This split was not widely accepted and alternative subgeneric systems that treated
&
Columnea genus were proposed (Morley 1974, 1976; Kvist Skog 1993; Smith 1994). Currently the
as a single
& &
genus estimated comprise 200 species (Kvist Skog 1993; Weber 2004; Skog Boggan 2007).
is to
As part of the process of revising the subgeneric classification and placement of species in section Or-
&
Skog Smith several specimens have been discovered that do not within
tholoma (sensu Kvist 1993; 1994), fit
the range of variation for the previously described species in this section.
Colombia home tremendous species diversity in the genus Columnea with 90 species recorded there
to
is
number
and numerous recent papers reflect the large of species yet to be described from
(Clavijo et 2011)
al.
& &
Amaya-Marquez Marin-G6mez Amaya-Marquez
(Amaya-Marquez 2010a, 2012; Smith
this country b;
& & &
&
2012; Clark Clavijo 2012; Clavijo Clark 2013; Mora Clark 2012; Amaya-Marquez Smith submitted).
3
668
we
Here
describe four species vhose primary distribution in Colombia.
is
&
&
Columnea
ceticeps J.L. Clark Smith, sp. nov. (Figs. 1
J.F. 2).
n, 5°29'18"N 75°54'20"W, 1'
mm
Epiphytic herb; stems to 2.8 in diameter, red-brown, with zigzag appearance
appressed with cm
tally pilose multicellular gold-colored trichomes; intemodes 1.3-4.8
long; leaf scars flush
with the stem. Leaves opposite, anisophyllous, larger lamina 2.5-8.8 cm long, 0.8-3.0 cm wide, ovate
to el-
apex
liptic, acuminate, base oblique, lateral veins 3-5 per side, adaxially green, appressed pilose with multicel-
lular trichomes with more or less pustulate bases, abaxially green, pilose with gold-colored
multicellular
tri-
chomes, denser on margin cm
veins, crenulate to serrulate; petioles 0.1-0.15 long, pilose with multicellular
gold-colored trichomes; smaller lamina cm cm
1.7-2.5 long, 0.7-1.15 wide,
lateral veins 1-3 per side, petiole
cm
0-0.08
long, otherwise similar to larger lamina. Inflorescence of 1 flower per axil of bracts not seen,
leaf;
mm
presumably
caducous.
Pedicels 9.5-19.5 long, green, appressed with
pilose multicellular trichomes. Calyx
mm mm
loosely clasping, lobes 14.0-21.0 long, 0.8-3.5 wide, apex
lanceolate, acute, exterior appressed
pilose
with
multicellular gold-colored trichomes and
single-celled white trichomes or densely spreading with
pilose
multicellular gold-colored trichomes (the latter true for most specimens from Narino),
red, interior glabrous;
margin cm cm
subentire
to denticulate. Corolla 4.2-6.5 long, 0.55-1.4 at widest point which the opening of
is
the throat, tubular, not ventricose, gibbous at base, 0.25-0.35 cm wide at narrowest point at the base, red to
orange, exterior pilose with multicellular red-colored trichomes, interior minutely puberulent; limb
bilabiate,
upper lip formed by the two dorsal and two lateral lobes, lower lip formed by a ventral lobe; dorsal lobes con-
cm
cm
nate, rounded, 0.25-0.55 long, 0.5-0.6 wide, cm cm
lateral lobes acute 0.1-0.2 long, 0.18-0.3 wide,
cm cm
ventral lobe, oblong 1.05-1.8 long and 0.14 wide, galea 1.8-2.05 cm cm
long. Filaments long connate
1.5
cm
and
0.25 adnate to corolla another 0.15 cm, tomentose with glandular and
non-glandular
trichomes, an-
mm mm
mm
thers 2.5 long, 2.5 wide, quadrangular, included Ovary
in corolla
throat. 4.0 long, conical, gla-
mm
brous, style 34 long yellow, minutely puberulent, stigma stomatomorphic,
yellow, smooth. Nectary a
double and
dorsal gland. Fruit seeds not
seen.
Phenology.—Flowering specimens have been from
collected December-February, May, and
April,
July,
presumably
flowering no
continuously, fruiting specimens are known.
Distribution.—
This species widespread mainly
is in the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia
in the de-
partments
of Antioquia, Chocb,
Risaralda, Valle, Cauca, Narino, Putumayo, and Ecuador
from
at elevations
1900 2900 m.
to In Antioquia the species has been recorded both
in Cordillera Occidental and
Cordillera
Central.
.—
Etymology The
specific epithet is derived from the combining forms of whale and headed
(cetus)
(-ceps)
due
to the similarity of the corolla in profile that looks like a sperm whale’s head with an open mouth
(Fig.
2).
May al.^^S)L);
Cordillera Central, 12 2012 Clark
J.L. et jardin, Sector alto de Ventanas,
San Jo^ del Palmar, Cerro del Torra, edge of the mountain, 21 Aug
1988, F.A. Silverstone-Sopkin al 4641 (CUVC).
et Risaralda- Santuario
vereda las Colonias, 2 Feb 1983,J.H. Torres et al. 1446 (COL). Cauca: Cerro Munchique, Lehmann PNN
F.C. 7636 Tambo, Munch-
(US); El
&
&
ique, 20Jun 2001, R. Bernal Lopera 2830 (COL), 8 Feb
P. 2000, C.E. Gonzdlez M.M.
Olives 2702 (COL), 30
Jul 1993, G. Lozano 6587
et al.
(COL); El Tambito, Centro de Estudios Ambientales
del Padfico Tambtto, trail Cerro del Perro, Rio Paloverde, 19 Dec 2000, C.E. Gonzdlez
3354 (COL); La
Costa, 7 Sep 1936, K. von Sneidem 795 (COL), Sep 1936, K. von Sneidem 796 (COL); El Tambo, 4 Aug 1936 K. von Sneidem 990
(US), 19 Jul 1993, F. Gonzalez et al. 2756 (COL); 7 “La Gallera” El Micay 1922 &
1 Jul E.P. Killip 7935 (US), Perez Arbelaez Cuatrecasas 6266
(COL). A. Gentry et al. 60502 (MO), 30 Jul 1993, N. Ruiz et al. 204 (COL); El Cairo, vereda El 30 May O &
Brillante, 2011 -H Martn-GOmez
D.A. Gdmez-Hoyos 196
(COL-2), 197 (COL), 198 (COL).
Nariiio: Ricaurte, Reserva La Planada, 26 May 1985
O. de Benavides 5553 (US PSO),
29 Apr 1988 O. de Benavides 9598 (MO, US, PSO), 17Jan 1990 O. de Benavides 11276 (US, PSO), 25 Sep 1989, 0. de Benavides 10809 (PSO), 1
Sep
1990, 0. de Benavides 11447 (PSO); Mpio. de Mallama, camino que conduce de Planada Aug
la a Pialapi, 15 1992, R. Giraldo 181 (PSO)
1
May
1992, R. Giraldo 121 (PSO), 3 Mar &M.
1989J.F. Smith Galeano 1522
(PSO); Barbacoas, Corregimiento de Mar
Altaquer, vereda
El Barro,

670
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
New
Smith et species of Columnea Colombia
al., in
Several herbarium specimens were annotated with unpublished names by Wiehler. curious that Wiehler
It is
member
considered this species as a of Trichantha, which is a genus that has few species with bilabiate corollas.
This species might more likely be placed in section Columnea and corresponding to Wiehler’s genus Columnea
,
on
based the bilabiate non-ventricose corolla with spreading corolla lobes. However, the corolla does not ex-
pand to a broadened galea (Fig. 2 A, B) as do all of the species in section Columnea and its sectional placement
has be with molecular
yet to tested data.
The specimens from Narifio, Colombia are marginally different from other collections in that the exterior
vesture of the calyx lobes is densely pilose with the characteristic gold-colored trichomes found in other collec-
much
tions but less dense. This species is similar to another undescribed species from Colombia and which
difference, pubescence on vegetative parts of species in Columnea tends to be consistent and glabrous leaves are
an unusual therefore these specimens are considered a different species here.
trait,
Columnea also vegetatively similar to yet another undescribed species from Colombia, both of
ceticeps is
which have been collected from Cerro Munchique. However the corollas are different between the two with the
undescribed species having corollas with a subradial limb and C. ceticeps with a bilabiate limb (Figs.
1, 2).
Columnea
ferrugineaJ.F. Smith &J.L. Clark, sp. nov. (Fig. 3). Type: COLOMBIA. Valle: Municipio El Cairo, Corregimien-
mm
cm
Epiphytic herb; stems 115 long, up to 5.5 diameter, brown, proximally pilose with multicellular
to
cm
cm
phyllous, larger lamina 6.2-10.0 long, 1.8-3.1 wide, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, slightly falcate,
apex acuminate, base oblique, lateral veins 9-12 per side, adaxially green, appressed pilose with multicellular
rust-colored trichomes abaxially green, pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes, slightly denser ves-
,
cm
0.2-03
on margin and with multicellular red trichomes; petioles long, densely
ture veins, serrulate ciliate
cm cm
pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes, smaller lamina 1.2-2.1 long, 0.25-0.6 wide, lanceo-
apex acuminate, base oblique, adaxially green, pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes,
late, acute to
abaxially green, densely pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes, denser on veins, margin serrulate,
petiole 0.08-0.1 cm long, pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes. Inflorescence of 1 flower per axil
mm mm
apex with
of leaf; bracts 3.5 long, 0.2 wide, linear, acute, red-purple, pilose multicellular rust-colored
cm
trichomes. Pedicels 1.9-2.5 long, green or red, densely pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes.
mm mm
Calyx loosely clasping, lobes 16.0-27.0 long, 1.5-1.8 wide, linear, apex acuminate, exterior densely
margin 4.7-63
pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes, red or bright yellow-green; serrulate. Corolla
cm cm
cm cm 0.25-03 gibbous
long, 0.95-1.4 wide at widest point, 0.9-1.25 before limb, at base, tubular,
sparsely pilose with multicellular rust-colored trichomes, interior with some
slightly ventricose, red, exterior
cm
and some glandular trichomes; limb 0.95-33 in diameter (widest when lower lobe
short trichomes stalked
cm cm
0.25-035
is reflexed), lobes semi-orbicular to linear, 0.25-1.2 long, wide, red. Filaments connate 3.5
mm mm
mm
mm,
and with short stalked glandular trichomes, anthers 2.8 long, 2.8 wide,
adnate to corolla 0.7
mm
Ovary with
4.5 long, conical, pilose multicellular transparent
quadrangular, included in corolla tube.
tri-
and
with multicellular transparent short stalked glandular
chomes, style pale yellow to white, pilose tri-
672 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
,
Smith et New species of Columnea Colombia 673
al., in
and
chomes, stigma bilobed, papillate, included in corolla tube. Nectary a dorsal double gland. Fruit seeds not
—
known
Phenology. Flowering only fromJanuary and May, fruits not seen.
—
m
Distribution. Apparently a rare species found in Colombia between 2000-2320 along the western
slopes of the Cordillera Occidental.
—
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the rust-colored trichomes that cover most of the vegeta-
tive portions of this species.
COLOMBIA.
Additional specimens examined: Valfc: Municipio El Cairo, Serranla de los Paraguas, Reserva Natural Cerro El Ingles, Jan
1
May
1987, F.A. Siherstone-Sopkin 2850 (US); Corregimiento Boquerbn, Vereda La Amarillas, Serrania de los Paraguas, Cerro El Ingles, 14
1988 J.L. Luteyn et al. 12346 (NY, US), 19 May 2013J.F. Smith et al. 10772 (COL); Sector La Florida, camino Los Santicos a La Florida a Rio
May
Blanco, 20 2013,J.F. Smith et al. 10829 (COL),J.F. Smith et al. 10830 (COL).
on
Columneaferruginea is readily differentiated from all other congeners by the distinctive rust-colored vesture
the abaxial leaf surface. It is similar to C. dictyophylla Donn. Sm. in that it also has a large, red, bilabiate corolla,
but differs in lacking the distinctive gold vesture of the abaxial leaf surface. Additionally, the tertiary leaf vena-
tion in C. dictyophylla is reticulate, abaxially prominent, and covered in hairs that contrast with the often red-
and
purple color of the lamina. The tertiary venation of C.ferruginea is suppressed inconspicuous.
&
&
Columnea 4 Colombia.
fractiflexa Smith Clark, sp. nov. (Figs. 5). Type: Antioquia: Municipio Urrao, Cor-
J.F. J.L.
confluencia del rio Polo y antes del rfo San Pedro, sitio la Quiebra, 06°30’31”N, 76°14'W, 1600-1850 m, 31 Jan-2 Feb 2011, P. Pedra-
za-Penalosa,J. Betancur, M.F. Gonzdlez, G. Giraldo, F. Gdmez, A. Duque&J. Sema2137 (holotype: COL; isotypes: NY, UNA).
tween the corolla lobes.
mm
Pendent to festooning epiphytic herb; stems to 1.5 diameter with a characteristic zigzag appearance, tan,
proximally sparsely appressed pilose with multicellular red-colored trichomes, distally denser; internodes
cm
2.0-2.2 cm long; leaf scars slightly raised. Leaves opposite, anisophyllous, larger lamina 2.8-4.5 long,
0.85-2.8 cm wide, ovate, apex acute, base obtuse and slightly oblique, lateral veins 4-7 per side, adaxially red,
densely appressed pilose with multicellular red-colored trichomes, abaxially red, sparsely appressed to spread-
cm
ing pilose with multicellular yellowish trichomes, denser on veins, margin serrulate; petioles 0.1-0.15 long,
cm cm
with red-colored trichomes, smaller lamina 0.6 long, 0.2 wide, lanceolate, sessile,
pilose multicellular
mm mm
otherwise similar larger lamina. Inflorescence of 1-2 flowers per axil of leaf; bracts 8.0 long, 1.5
to
wide, apex acute, green, sparsely pilose with multicellular red-colored trichomes. Pedicels 8.0-11.0
lanceolate,
mm
densely appressed to spreading pilose with multicellular red-colored trichomes. Calyx clasp-
long, green,
mm
mm
8.0-10.0 wide including lobes to the tips of the lobes, ovate, apex acuminate,
ing, lobes 7.0-8.0 long,
exterior spreading pilose with multicellular red-colored trichomes, green, interior glabrous, margin deeply
cm cm cm
cm
fimbriate. Corolla 4.4-5.1 long, 0.74-1.0 wide at widest point, 0.6-0.95 before limb, 0.3-0.35 at
base, tubular, slightly ventricose, somewhat falcate, gibbous at base, red, exterior sparsely spreading pilose
with trichomes, interior sparsely pilose inside throat dorsally, otherwise glabrous; limb slightly
multicellular
mm
cm cm
0.85-1.22 cm in diameter, lobes elliptic, 0.45 long, 0.2 wide, red. Filaments 47 long con-
bilabiate,
mm mm
mm
mm,
nate 8.0 and adnate to corolla an additional 0.5 glabrous, anthers 1.7 long, 1.4 wide,
for
mm
Ovary with
quadrangular, included in corolla tube. 3.0 long, conical, sparsely pilose multicellular tri-
mm
chomes, 49 long, yellow, glabrous, stigma bilobed, papillate, included in corolla tube. Nectary two
style
dorsal double glands. Fruit and seeds not seen, but the label of the type collection indicates the fruits are
—
Flowering known from January, April, May, July, and November. Fruits not seen, but are re-
Phenology.
made
in January.
ferred to in the type collection
known only from a narrow region in Antioquia Colombia where speci-
Distribution.—This species is all
1600—2050 m.
mens from
have been
collected
—
The epithet derived from the zigzag appearance oaf the pendent stems (Fig. 5B).
Etymology. specific is
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
7(2)
cm
0.3
New 675
Smith et species of Columnea
al..
i
,
676
Columneafractiflexa similar minor by
is to C. the presenc
of tubular subradial red corollas and pendent
:
tooning habit The
(Figs. 4, leaves of Columned
5).
fractifL
The
5 cm). presence of corolla appendages between
alternate the corolla lobes
Other
C.fractiflexa. species that have pendent
habits are mostly confined
to a section of Coll
Columned)
that is characterized by strongly The
bilabiate
corollas. subradial
corolla of Colun
afractiflexa
s
5A) from
(Fig. is different the strongly
bilabiate corollas in section Columned.
&
-
Clark M. Amaya,
sp. nov. (Fig. COLOMBIA.
6). Type. Val
erva Natural Cerro El Ingles, 19 May 2013
F. Smith, O.
J.
C.PSO.TULV,
VALLE).
^
^
^
^
15 *° ^°^mnea^m^ ^x
rica presence
of fimbri-
ate-ladniate cal^^r^ns.MfersfeKnLbhnnneajW^ia^a^
mm
EpipkyOc
herb; stems 50 cm, up
to
to 3.5 diameter, brown, woody
base
at of stems, proximally nearly
glabrous
to sparsely pilose with
multicellular transparent
trichomes,
distally denser with
multicellular trans-
parent and
red-colored trichomes; intemodes cm
1.5-7.2
long; leaf scars Leaves
raised. opposite anisophyl-
lous, appearing
alternate as the smaller leaf often on
is lost older portions of stems, lamina3.2-6.8 cm
larger
cm
long, 1.6 3.5 wide,
ovate
to apex
elliptic, acuminate, base
oblique, 4-7
lateral veins per
side adaxially
green, sparsely pilose with
multicellular
transparent
trichomes,
abaxially
red-purple,
sparsely with
pilose
mukiceUular
transparent trichomes
to nearly
glabrous,
slightly denser on
vesture margin
veins,
entire; petioles
^
whfe, <wale
to lanceolate, apex
acuminate,
0 base
oblhpieJatenilveins4-45
^skk,^adarialtygreem
pilose with mult,
cellular transparent trichomes
to nearly
glabrous,
abaxially
red-purple,
sparsely with
pilose
multicellular
transparent
trichomes
to nearly glabrous, margin
entire cm
to crenulate, 0.3-0 45
petiole
long,
apprised
pilose with
multicellular
red-colored
^ trichomes.
inflorescence
of 1-2
flowers per
axil ofleaf; bracts
mm
Wide
linMr a[KX
acute red u
T, T*. with
’ - -P multicellular transparent
'
tri-
°" T
5 8 0ng “
WUh
' PUrPl£ aPPreSS'd
PllOSe mul,l ™sparen,
llular
ntTme :t ‘ or red-colored
1° ' mm
reidimnes. rC'allyx
loosely mm
1 clasp, lobes 14.0-20.0
ng, long,
1.0-1.5 wide
without
laciniae,
elliptic to
apeX "°
aCUle
lnte r glabrous,
exterior
pilose with
’ multicellular
transparent
' or red-colored
tri-
.
chomes,
red-purple; margin
cm
laciniate. Corolla 2.3-3.6 cm
long, 0.35-0.45
wide
at widest point alone the
:^;
0 5 Umb a2cmatgibW
T^fore
'
a L m“
tnC °
len0r
abrous; llmb cm
g 0.55-0.7
'
- in diameter,
lobes
*0 semi-orbicular.
02-03 cm oi “
,r
long 3
5mm
7 Fib
r nna e5
ntS
and
adnate cordU mm,
'
to
0.5
glabrous,
° mm
11 C r n
con
*° ca
se
with ®’ ' l> P'l°
muhLdluirnranspTrenrt^'ho^e^slyhTellow^Uib' ^^
”
3 bdobed-pap.
181
lUte included
in corolla
^
tube. Nec,ary nvodomaldtiuble FmitJdsee^
glands. se™
no,
Fl°wer ns ^"“w"
* from
September,
December,
°"/y February
May,
to
fruits not seen.
asmbuhon.-A
EWstributT
rare spec.es from Colombia
anjl bordering m
northern
Ecuador
between 800-2430
^he
specific epithet derived from
is the
laciniate margins
of the calyx
lobes
P J dCl Palmar Carmera Ah0
Gala
- Pa«0S a SanJos£ del Palmar, 22 May
2013, J.F. Smith et al 10875 (COL)
A
;b 1945J Ewan 16814 (MO).
Valle: Municipio
-
El Cairo, Serrania de Los
Para^
10768 (COL). ECUA-
**
Hoover
S.
lar 1991, A. Hirtz 5253
et al. (SEL).