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FORENSIC PATHOLOGY/BIOLOGY Proceedings 2002-2011 FFoorreennssiicc PPaatthhoollooggyy// BBiioollooggyy American Acad emy of Forensic Sciences Proceedings 2002-p1 Index ii FFoorreennssiicc PPaatthhoollooggyy // BBiioollooggyy Index iii AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 410 North 21st Street Colorado Springs, CO 80904 www.aafs.org The Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences is an official publication of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) and includes various areas of the forensic sciences such as pathology, toxicology, physical anthropology, psychiatry, odontology, jurisprudence, criminalistics, questioned documents, digital sciences, engineering sciences and other disciplines. The proceedings herein are from the Pathology/Biology section for the years 2002 to 2011. As with the Proceedings in which these abstracts were originally published, there is no implication or assertion that the AAFS, any of its sections, or any member of the AAFS have verified the statements and/or conclusions of the abstracts. The views expressed in this publication are not those of the AAFS or individual members. In short, the data and opinions appearing in the abstracts are the responsibility of the individual authors alone. All contents copyright 2002-2011 by the AAFS. Unless stated otherwise, noncommercial reproduction of material contained herein is permitted by the AAFS provided that the copying is faithful to the original. No other reproduction of any form may be done without prior written permission from the AAFS. Printed in the United States of America. Index iv Preface The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) is a multi-disciplinary professional organization created and maintained to provide leadership in the application of science to the legal system. A premier forensic science organization, its specific objectives are to promote professionalism, integrity, competency and education, and to foster scientific research, improvements in the practice of forensic science, and collaboration within the many fields of forensic science. For sixty-three years, since its founding in 1948, the AAFS has served a distinguished and diverse membership. It comprises eleven different sections representing the broad range of expertise and interest of its members, now numbering over 6200. Included among them are physicians, attorneys, dentists, toxicologists, physical anthropologists, document examiners, psychiatrists, physicists, engineers, criminalists, educators, and digital evidence specialists. Representing all fifty US states, all ten Canadian provinces and 61 other countries from all corners of the world, AAFS members actively practice forensic science. In many cases, AAFS members also teach and conduct research in the field, producing hundreds of refereed publications and books. Index v The editors express gratitude to the past and present AAFS leadership, especially to the AAFS staff headed by Executive Director Anne Warren, to the AAFS Presidents since 1949, and to our section’s directors and chair persons. Academy Presidents Robert E. Barsley, DDS, JD 2012-13 Douglas H. Ubelaker, PhD 2011-12 Lowell J. Levine, DDS 1980-81 Joseph P. Bono, MA 2010-11 June K. Jones, MS 1979-80 Thomas L. Bohan, PhD, JD 2009-10 Kurt M. Dubowski, PhD 1978-79 Carol E. Henderson, JD 2008-09 B. Edward Whittaker, BS 1977-78 Bruce A. Goldberger, PhD 2007-08 James T. Weston, MD 1976-77 James G. Young, MD 2006-07 Robert J. Joling, JD 1975-76 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD 2005-06 David A. Crown, DCrim 1974-75 Ronald L. Singer, MS 2004-05 Morton F. Mason, PhD 1973-74 Kenneth E. Melson, JD 2003-04 Douglas M. Lucas, MSc, DSc 1972-73 Graham R. Jones, PhD 2002-03 Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD 1971-72 Mary Fran Ernst, BLS 2001-02 Edwin C. Conrad, JD, PhD 1970-71 John D. McDowell, DDS, MS 2000-01 James W. Osterburg, MPA 1969-70 Patricia J. McFeeley, MD 1999-00 Maier I. Tuchler, MD 1968-69 Barry A.J. Fisher, MS, MBA. 1998-99 Charles S. Petty 1967-68 Michael A. Peat, PhD 1997-98 Jack L. Sachs, JD 1966-67 Richard Rosner, MD 1996-97 Robert B. Forney, PhD 1965-66 Haskell M. Pitluck, JD 1995-96 Dwight M. Palmer, MD 1964-65 Steven C. Batterman, PhD 1994-95 Oliver C. Schroeder, Jr., JD 1963-64 Enrico N. Togneri, BA 1993-94 Milton Helpern, MD 1962-63 Marina Stajic, PhD. 1992-93 S.R. Gerber, MD, LLB 1961-62 Homer R. Campbell, Jr., DDS 1991-92 Russel S. Fisher, MD 1960-61 Ellis R. Kerley, PhD. 1990-91 Ordway Hilton, MA 1959-60 Richard C. Froede, MD 1989-90 John F. Williams, BS 1958-59 Richard S. Frank, BS 1988-89 Val B. Satterfield, MD 1957-58 Yale H. Caplan, PhD 1987-88 Alan R. Moritz 1956-57 Don Harper Mills, JD, MD 1986-87 Fred E. Inbau, BS, LLB, 1955-56 Arthur D. Goldman, DMD 1985-86 A.W. Freireich, MD 1954-55 Maureen Casey Owens, AB 1984-85 Louis P. Regan, MD, LLB 1953-54 George E. Gantner, MD 1983-84 R.N. Harger, PhD 1952-53 Anthony Longhetti, BA 1982-83 S.A. Levinson, MD, PhD 1951-52 Joseph H. Davis, MD 1981-82 R.B.H. Gradwohl, MD 1949-51 Index vi Pathology/Biology Section Board of Directors Representatives and Chairs Director Chair 2011-2012 Gregory G. Davis, MD Jeffery K. Tomberlin, PhD 2010-2011 Victor W. Weedn, MD, JD Kim A. Collins, MD 2009-2010 Victor W. Weedn, MD, JD Craig T. Mallak, JD, MD 2008-2009 Tracey S. Corey, MD J. Scott Denton, MD 2007-2008 Tracey S. Corey, MD Andrew M. Baker, MD 2006-2007 Julia C. Goodin, MD Victor W. Weedn, MD, JD 2005-2006 Julia C. Goodin, MD Karen F. Ross, MD 2004-2005 Julia C. Goodin, MD John C. Hunsaker, III, MD, JD 2003-2004 Julia C. Goodin, MD Gregory G. Davis, MD 2002-2003 Julia C. Goodin, MD Lynda Biedrzycki, MD 2001-2002 Julia C. Goodin, MD Tracey S. Corey, MD 2000-2001 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD Joseph A. Prahlow, MD 1999-2000 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD Corinne L. Fligner, MD 1998-1999 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD Julia C. Goodin, MD 1997-1998 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD Patrick E. Lantz, MD 1996-1997 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD M. Lee Goff, PhD 1995-1996 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD Jay Dix, MD 1994-1995 Patricia J. McFeeley, MD Randy L. Hanzlick, MD 1993-1994 Patricia J. McFeeley, MD Stephen D. Cohle, MD 1992-1993 Patricia J. McFeeley, MD Michael A. Graham, MD 1991-1992 Patricia J. McFeeley, MD Edmund R. Donoghue, Jr., MD 1990-1991 Ali Z. Hameli, MD Brian D. Blackbourne, MD 1989-1990 Ali Z. Hameli, MD Patricia J. McFeeley, MD 1988-1989 Ali Z. Hameli, MD J.E. Smialek, MD 1987-1988 William G. Eckert, MD Joshua A. Perper, MD, LLB 1986-1987 William G. Eckert, MD Thomas F. Hegert, MD 1985-1986 William G. Eckert, MD Robert J. Stein, MD 1984-1985 Richard C. Froede, MD James S. Bell, MD 1983-1984 Richard C. Froede, MD Ali Z. Hameli, MD 1982-1983 Richard C. Froede, MD Robert L. Catherman, MD 1981-1982 Richard C. Froede, MD Werner U. Spitz, MD 1980-1981 George E. Gantner, MD Irvin M. Sopher, MD, DDS 1979-1980 George E. Gantner, MD Robert C. Hendrix, MD 1978-1979 George E. Gantner, MD Frank O. Raasch, Jr., MD Index vii 1977-1978 George E. Gantner, MD John Pfaff, Jr., MD 1976-1977 George E. Gantner, MD David K. Wiecking, MD 1975-1976 George E. Gantner, MD Richard C. Froede, MD 1974-1975 Michael M. Baden, MD Joseph H. Davis, MD 1973-1974 Michael M. Baden, MD Frank P. Cleveland, MD 1972-1973 Michael M. Baden, MD Werner U. Spitz, MD 1971-1972 Joseph H. Davis, MD Michael M. Baden, MD 1970-1971 Joseph H. Davis, MD Charles J. Stahl, III, MD 1969-1970 Joseph H. Davis, MD William Q. Sturner, MD 1968-1969 Charles S. Sweet, MD Cyril H. Wecht, MD, LLB 1967-1968 Thomas T. Noguchi, MD 1966-1967 William G. Eckert, MD 1965-1966 Robert W. Bonifaci, MD 1964-1965 Henry H. Sweets, Jr., MD 1963-1964 Joseph E. Campbell, MD 1962-1963 Sidney B. Weinberg, MD 1961-1962 Joseph H. Davis, MD 1960-1961 E. H. Johnston, MD 1959-1960 Charles S. Petty, MD 1958-1959 Arthur E. O'Dea, MD 1957-1958 Frank P. Cleveland, MD 1956-1957 Samuel R. Gerber, MD, LLB 1955-1956 Russell S. Fisher, MD 1954-1955 Russell S. Fisher, MD 1953-1954 Geoffrey T. Mann, LLB, MD 1952-1953 William E.B. Hall, MD 1951-1952 William E.B. Hall, MD 1950-1951 Milton Helpern, MD Our heartfelt thanks to the Academy Staff for managing the proceedings process that results in the highest standards of quality including Sonya Bynoe, Publications & Website Coordinator; Debbie Crockett, Finance Manager; Sondra Doolittle, Meetings & Exposition Manager; Phyllis Gilliam, Receptionist; Salena Grant, Assistant Meetings Manager; Cheryl Hunter, Membership Coordinator; Nancy Jackson, Director of Index v iii Development & Accreditation; Tracie McCray, Accounting Assistant; Christie Vigil, Membership Assistant; and Kimberly Wrasse, Executive Assistant. This further acknowledges the excellent work of Pathology/Biology authors worldwide who are willing to share their work for education. Victor W. Weedn, MD, JD Gregory G. Davis, MD Jeffery K. Tomberlin, PhD Prepared by: Laura L. Liptai, PhD1 Engineering Sciences 1 The Executive Committee of The American Academy of Forensic Sciences has directed Laura Liptai, Ph.D. of the Engineering Sciences Section to prepare this volume for publication. Index ix