Food Irradiation-A Guidebook, Second Edition PDF
Preview Food Irradiation-A Guidebook, Second Edition
SECOND EDinON FOOD IRRADIATION A Guidebook SECOND EDITION FOOD IRRADIATION A Guidebook Morton Satin CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Main entry under title: Food Irradiation: a Guidebook. Second Edition Full Catalog record is available from the Ubnuy of Congress This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with pennission, and sources are indicated. A wide varie1y of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and infor mation, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or tmnsmitted in any fonn or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior pennission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific pennission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida33431. Trademark Notiee: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. 0 1996 by CRC Press LLC Originally published by Technomic Publishing No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 1-56676-344-4 Library of Congress Card Number 95-61619 Printed in the United States of America I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper In loving memory ofT illy, Arthur, Percy and Mamie Young men, have confidence in those powerful and safe methods, of which we do not yet know all the secrets. And, whatever your career may be, do not let yourselves become tainted by a deprecating and barren skepticism, do not let yourselves be discouraged by the sadness ofc ertain hours which pass over nations. Uve in the serene peace of laboratories and libraries. Say to yourselves first: ''What have I done for my instruc tion?" and, as you gradually advance, "What have I done for my country?'' until the time comes when you may have the immense happi ness of thinking that you have contributed in some way to the progress and to the good of humanity. But, whether our efforts are or not favored by life, let us be able to say, when we come near the great goal, "I have done what I could:' Louis Pasteur ~ber27, 1892 CONTENTS Preface to the Second Edition xi Preface to the First Edition xiii Introduction xvii 1. Foocllrradlatlon 1 What Is Irradiation? 3 Radioactivity 6 How Is It Similar to Other Processes? 16 In What Way Does Irradiation Affect Foods? 19 Radiation Units 20 A Short History of Food Irradiation 22 2. Pasteurization 27 The Early Work 27 Commercial Pasteurization 30 Pasteurization Finally Succeeds 34 Some Counuies Still Do Not Have Pasteurized Milk 36 The Relationship between Pasteurization and Food Irradiation 37 Irradiated Milk 39 3. Fooclbome Diseases 43 Perception of the Problem 43 'Ierminology 46 vii viii Contents Our Awareness of Foodbome Disease 48 Bacterial Diseases 50 Mold Diseases 62 Viruses 62 Parasites 64 The Costs of Foodborne Disease 68 u. . 4. The of Irradiation to Prevent the 71 Spread of Fooclborne Diseases Why Use Food Irradiation? 71 The Poultry Industry 75 Spices 78 5. The Prevention of Food Losses 81 after Harvesting The Extent of Losses 81 Causes of Losses 83 The Need for Insect Quarantine 85 Control of Sprouting and Germination 89 Shelf life Extension of Perishable Foods 90 Delaying Ripening and Aging of Fruits and "'getables 90 Magnitude of Losses 90 6. Advocacy Oblectlons to Food Irradiation 95 Food Irradiation Complaint List 98 Food Irradiation Will Be Used to Mask Spoiled Food 99 Food Irradiation Will Discomage Strict Adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices 101 Food Irradiation Will Preferentially Kill''Good'' Bacteria and Thus Encomage Greater Growthof"Bad" Bacteria 101 Irradiated Foods Are Devitaliud and Denatured 103 Irradiated Foods Are Unnecessary in 'lbday' s Food System 104 Food Irradiation Impairs the Flavor of Foods 104 Food Irradiation Fails to Destroy Bacterial 'lbxins in Foods 105 Irradiated Food May Be Radioactive 106 Irradiation Brings about Harmful Chemical Changes in Foods 107 Irradiated Foods Can Cause Genetic Mutations 108 Polyploidy 108 The Food Irradiation Issue Needs a Properly Referenced Scientific Report 112 The Lack of Difference between lrradialed and Nonirradiated Foods Will Encourage Abuses 113 There Is No SatisfactoJ.Y 'lbst for Irradiated Foods 114 Irradiation in CombiDation with Other Processes Will Reduce the Nutritive Value of Foods 116 Irradiated Foods Will Not Be Properly Labeled 116 Food Inadiation Is Dangerous to \\brkers and Will Cause Environmental Damage 119 7. Irradiated Foods and the Consumer 125 Consumer Reaction to Irradiated Foods 125 Who Pennits Freedom of Choice for Consumers? 133 Influences upon Decision Makers 142 Positive Consumer Action 146 Legislation 146 Market Choices 148 Consumer Information 149 The Media lSI 8. Irradiation and the Food Industry 153 A Different Attitude towards Food Irradiation ISS Risk versus Benefit 156 Irradiated Food Liabilities 157 Irradiated Food Advantages 1S9 Future Applications 16S 9. Some Final Thoughts 169 A WorldFreeofRisk 169 A Light at the End of the Tunnel 173 A Free and Informed Choice 179 References 183 Index 203 About the Author 211
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