Flow Analysis with Spectrophotometric and Luminometric Detection

455 Pages·2012·6.883 MB·English

by  Elias Ayres Guidetti Zagatto, Claudio C. Oliveira, Alan Townshend, Paul Worsfold

This book ispartof thecollection: Handbooksin Analytical Science
FLOW ANALYSIS WITH
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC
AND LUMINOMETRIC
DETECTION
E A. G. Z
LIAS AGATTO
Universityof Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil
C ´ C. O
LAUDIO LIVEIRA
University ofMaringa´,Brazil
A T
LAN OWNSHEND
University ofHull,U.K.
P J. W
AUL ORSFOLD
University ofPlymouth, U.K.
AMSTERDAM(cid:1)BOSTON(cid:1)HEIDELBERG(cid:1)LONDON(cid:1)NEWYORK(cid:1)OXFORD
PARIS(cid:1)SANDIEGO(cid:1)SANFRANCISCO(cid:1)SINGAPORE(cid:1)SYDNEY(cid:1)TOKYO
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Firstedition2012
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Worsfold,Paul.
Flowanalysiswithspectrophotometricandluminometric
detection/PaulWorsfold.e1sted.
p.cm.
ISBN978-0-12-385924-2(hardback)
1.Instrumentalanalysis.2.Flowinjectionanalysis.3.Spectrophotometry.
4.Luminescencespectroscopy.I.Title.
QD79.I5W672012
543’.55edc23
2011044013
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ISBN:978-0-12-385924-2
Preface
Flow analysis is now firmly established as an important branch of
analytical chemistry. It is an excellent tool for solution management,
providing reproducible conditions for physical and chemical sample
treatment within a controlled and reproducible environment. Most
detection techniques can be coupled with flow analysis but spectropho-
tometry and luminescence arethe most commonly used ones and hence
arethe focus for thismonograph.
The aim is to provide a comprehensive flow analysis handbook that
encompassestheoreticalandpracticalaspects,discussesallmodesofflow
analysis and considers in detail the special strategies available for flow
manipulation. In this regard, the concept of multi-commutation receives
particular emphasis. Flow analysis in its various forms is now widely
usedbutitspotentialhasnotyetbeenfullyexploited.Oneaspirationfor
thismonographisthatitwillprovideuserswiththeenthusiasmandthe
tools to unlock that potential. The flow system (instrument) offers
a number of strategies relying on different flow manipulations but most
have not been exploited in commercially available flow analysers.
Another goal of the monograph is therefore to highlight these strategies
(opportunities) in order to stimulate the manufacture of appropriate
hardware. It is expected to be a useful resource for users, students and
anyone who needs to adapt a given traditional analytical procedure to
a flow-based method.
The monograph has nine chapters. The first two provide an
introduction and a historical perspective. This is followed by funda-
mental aspects and interaction of radiation of the flowing sample.
Chapter five discusses the various types of flow analysers and
chapter six considers the specific components that make up a flow
analyser. This is followed by chapters on flow manipulation and
strategies for sample handling. It concludes with a short chapter on
future trends.
The production of this monograph has been a longstanding ambition
forEliasZagatto,andtheotherauthorshaveencouragedandassistedhim
vii
viii
PREFACE
along the way. All of the authors would like to acknowledge assistance
fromprofessionalcolleaguesandinstitutionsandthankfamilymembers
fortheirsupportthroughouttheperiodfromitsoriginalconceptiontoits
final delivery.
Elias A.G. Zagatto
University of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil
Cla´udio C. Oliveira
University of Maringa´, Brazil
Alan Townshend
University of Hull, U.K.
Paul J. Worsfold
University of Plymouth, U.K.

C H A P T E R
1
Introduction
The pathwayof true wisdom can beidentified by three things:
There must be love,
it must be practical,
it canbe followedbyanyone.PauloCoelho
O U T L I N E
1.1 General 2
1.2 The AdventofFlow Analysis 3
1.3 The Development ofFlow Analysis 4
1.4 Main Features ofFlow Analysis 5
1.4.1 Sample Insertion 5
1.4.2 Sample Dispersion 6
1.4.3 Reproducible Timing 7
1.4.4 Other Attractive Features 9
1.4.4.1 TransientAnalyticalSignal 9
1.4.4.2 LowSusceptibilitytoBiasedResults 9
1.4.4.3 ImprovedSystemDesign 10
1.5 Aims and Scope of theMonograph 10
References 11
Appendix 1.1. ImportantMonographs Relatedto Flow Analysis 12
Appendix 1.2. Journal Special Issues Dedicated toConferences
on Flow Analysis 12
Flow Analysis e the art of performing analytical chemistry in flowing
streamse isa branchofanalytical chemistrythathasexperiencedsignif-
icantgrowthinrecentdecades.Theconcepts,methodsandapplications,as
FlowAnalysiswithSpectrophotometric 1
andLuminometricDetection (cid:1)2012ElsevierInc.