C R C F O C U S F L O A T I N G FLOATING WORLDS W A Short History of Japanese Animation O R L D S N o v i e l l i Maria Roberta Novielli an informa business ISBN: 978-1-138-57128-0 90000 9 781138 571280 A FOCAL PRESS BOOK Floating Worlds The Focus Animation Series aims to provide unique, accessible content that may not otherwise be published. We allow researchers, academics, and professionals the ability to quickly publish high- impact, current literature in the field of animation for a global audience. This series is a fine complement to the existing, robust animation titles available through CRC Press/Focal Press. Series Editor Giannalberto Bendazzi, currently an independent scholar, is a former Visiting Professor of History of Animation at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and a former professor at the Università degli Studi di Milano. We welcome any submissions to help grow the wonderful content we are striving to provide to the animation community: [email protected]. Published: Maria Roberta Novielli; Floating Worlds: A Short History of Japanese Animation Giannalberto Bendazzi; Twice the First: Quirino Cristiani and the Animated Feature Film Forthcoming: Pamela Taylor Turner; Infinite Animation: The Life and Work of Adam Beckett Lina X. Aguirre; Experimental Animation in Contemporary Latin America Cinzia Bottini; Redesigning Animation: United Productions of America Marco Bellano; Václav Trojan: Music Composition in Czech Animated Films Floating Worlds A Short History of Japanese Animation By Maria Roberta Novielli CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-1385-7128-0 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Rea- sonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, repro- duced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www. copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Novielli, Maria Roberta, 1964- author. Title: Floating worlds : a short history of Japanese animation / Maria Roberta Novielli. Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018. Identifiers: LCCN 2017048748 | ISBN 9781138571280 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Animated films--Japan--History and criticism. Classification: LCC NC1766.J3 N684 2018 | DDC 791.43/340952--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017048748 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com It is a wonderful achievement that an accurate history of Japanese animation has been summed up in 2017, a year marking a turning point since it coincides with the centenary of its birth. The accurate description by Roberta Novielli expands a new perspective for the Japanese people and also provides knowledge of deep interest to people around the world. It is a “must” book for those who are interested in Japanese animation. Yamamura Kōji Contents Foreword, ix Preface, xi About the Author, xiii CHAPTER 1 ◾ From Pre-Cinema to the Birth of Industry 1 CHAPTER 2 ◾ Winds of War and Reconstruction 19 CHAPTER 3 ◾ A New World 47 CHAPTER 4 ◾ How the West Was Won 73 CHAPTER 5 ◾ Simulacra 97 CHAPTER 6 ◾ “Alone, Not Lonely”: Generation X 125 REFERENCES, 147 BIBLIOGRAPHY, 151 INDEX, 155 vii Foreword TRANSCRIPTION The transcription systems are Hepburn for Japanese and Pinyin for Chinese. Long accents on vowels indicate their lengthening, not doubling. NAMES OF PERSONS The names are given according to the Japanese use: first the sur- name, then the name. Chronology of the main historical periods is as follows: Asuka (from late VI century to 710) Nara (710–794) Heian (794–1185) Kamakura (1185–1333) Kemmu Restoration (1333–1336) Yoshino or Nanbokuchō (1336–1392) Ashikaga or Muromachi (1392–1573) Momoyama or Azuchi Momoyama (1573–1600) Edo or Tokugawa (1603–1867) ix