First Aid for the Emergency Medicine Boards, Third Edition PDF
Preview First Aid for the Emergency Medicine Boards, Third Edition
E m e r g e n c y Me d ic in e B o a r d s Third Edition BARBARA K. BLOK, MD Associate Program Director Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine Associate Pro essor Department o Emergency Medicine University o Colorado School o Medicine Aurora, Colorado DICKSON S. CHEUNG, MD, MBA, MPH Department o Emergency Medicine Sky Ridge Medical Center CarePoint, PC Denver, Colorado TIMOTHY F. PLATTS-MILLS, MD Department o Emergency Medicine University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto First Aid for the® Emergency Medicine Boards, Third Edition Copyright © 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in China. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act o 1976, no part o this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any orm or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission o the publisher. Previous editions’ copyright © 2012, 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. First Aid or the® is a registered trademark o McGraw-Hill Education Global Holdings, LLC. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DSS/DSS 20 19 18 17 16 ISBN 978-0-07-184913-5 MHID 0-07-184913-0 NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the pub- lisher o this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their e orts to provide in ormation that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time o publication. However, in view o the possibility o human error or changes in medical sci- ences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication o this work warrants that the in ormation contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility or any errors or omis- sions or or the results obtained rom use o the in ormation contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to conf rm the in ormation contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product in ormation sheet included in the package o each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the in ormation contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications or administration. This recommendation is o particular importance in connection with new or in requently used drugs. This book was set in Electra LH Std by Cenveo® Publisher Services. The editors were Catherine A. Johnson and Cindy Yoo. The production supervisor was Richard Ruzycka. Project management was provided by Raghavi Khullar, Cenveo Publisher Services. The cover designer was Dreamit, Inc. RR Donnelley/Shenzhen was printer and binder. This book is printed on acid- ree paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blok, Barbara K., author. First aid or the emergency medicine boards / Barbara K. Blok, Dickson S. Cheung, Timothy Fortescue Platts-Mills.—Third edition. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-07-184913-5 (pbk. : alk. paper)—ISBN 0-07-184913-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) I. Cheung, Dickson S., author. II. Platts-Mills, Timothy Fortescue, author. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Emergency Treatment—methods—Outlines. 2. Emergency Medicine—methods—Outlines. WB 18.2] RC86.9 616.02'52—dc23 015032675 McGraw-Hill Education books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or or use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us pages at www.mhpro essional.com. DEDICATION To our amilies, riends, and loved ones, who endured and assisted in the task o assembling this guide, and To the contributors to this, past, and uture editions, who took time to share their knowledge, insight, and humor or the bene t o residents and clinicians. v Co n t e n t s Contributing Authors vii CHAPTER 11. Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Senior Reviewers ix Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 Introduction xi C Scott Forsythe, MD, MPH Acknowledgments xvi CHAPTER 12. Obstetrics and Gynecology . . . . . . 685 CHAPTER 1. Resuscitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sabrina A Adams, MD Marc Quinlan, MD and Brian M Jekich, MD CHAPTER 13. Environmental Emergencies. . . . . 719 CHAPTER 2. Cardiovascular Emergencies . . . . . . . 69 Leah Jacoby, MD Andrew P Coleman, MD, MHS and Jasmeet Dhaliwal, MD CHAPTER 14. Head, Eyes, Ear, Nose, and Throat, and Dental Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 CHAPTER 3. Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 W Gannon Sungar, DO Jenny L Chua-Tuan, MD, MBA and Elaine M Reno, MD CHAPTER 15. Neurology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 Jessica J Slim, MD, MPH CHAPTER 4. Orthopedics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Sarah Leeper, MD CHAPTER 16. Psychobehavioral Disorders . . . . . 883 Cameron G Isaacs, MD, HO-1 CHAPTER 5. Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Christina L Shenvi, MD, PhD CHAPTER 17. Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919 Jeremy Voros, MD CHAPTER 6. Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 James Dazhe Cao, MD, Janetta L Iwanicki, MD, CHAPTER 18. Renal and Genitourinary Howard Kim, MD, and Java Tunson, MD Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947 Jordan Ryan, MD CHAPTER 7. Endocrine, Metabolic, Fluid, and Electrolyte Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 CHAPTER 19. Procedures and Skills . . . . . . . . . . . 981 Lauren M Abbate, MD, PhD Michael D Susalla, MD and Sara M Krzyzaniak, MD CHAPTER 8. Infectious Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 CHAPTER 20. EMS and Disaster Medicine . . . . .1035 Joseph Hemerka, MD and Elena D Garcia, MD and Justin McLean, MD Christopher Davis, MD, DTMH CHAPTER 21. Ethical/Legal Issues . . . . . . . . . . . .1059 CHAPTER 9. Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, Graydon Goodman, MD and and Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 Abhi Mehrotra, MD, MBA, FACEP Jesse W Loar, MD Index 1073 CHAPTER 10. Thoracic and Respiratory Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 Stephanie A Crapo, MD vii Co n t r ib u t in g Au t h o r s Lauren M. Abbate, MD, PHD Graydon Goodman, MD Department o Emergency Medicine Attending Physician at Alamance Regional Medical Center University o Colorado School o Medicine Burlington, North Carolina Aurora, Colorado Chapter 21. Ethical/Legal Issues Chapter 7. Endocrine, Metabolic, Fluid, and Electrolyte Disorders Joseph Hemerka, MD Sabrina A. Adams, MD Resident o Emergency Medicine Department o Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver Health Medical Center Denver, Colorado Denver, Colorado Chapter 8. Infectious Disease Chapter 12. Obstetrics and Gynecology Cameron G. Isaacs, MD, HO 1 James Dazhe Cao, MD Department o Emergency Medicine Assistant Pro essor, Department o Emergency Medicine Wake Forest University University o Southwestern Medical Center Baptist Medical Center Dallas, Texas Winston-Salem, North Carolina Chapter 6. Toxicology Chapter 16. Psychobehavioral Disorders Jenny L. Chua Tuan, MD, MBA Janetta L. Iwanicki, MD Chie Resident o Emergency Medicine Associate Medical Director Denver Health Medical Center Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center Denver, Colorado Attending Physician Chapter 3. Trauma Department o Emergency Medicine Denver Health and Hospital Authority Andrew P. Coleman, MD, MHS Denver, Colorado Department o Emergency Medicine Chapter 6. Toxicology Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine Aurora, Colorado Leah Jacoby, MD Chapter 2. Cardiovascular Emergencies Department o Emergency Medicine George Washington University School o Medicine Stephanie A. Crapo, MD Washington, District o Columbia Assistant Pro essor, Department o Emergency Medicine Chapter 13. Environmental Emergencies University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Brian M. Jekich, MD Chapter 10. Thoracic and Respiratory Disorders Department o Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Christopher Davis, MD, DTMH Denver, Colorado Assistant Pro essor, Department o Emergency Medicine Chapter 1. Resuscitation University o Colorado School o Medicine Aurora, Colorado Howard Kim, MD Chapter 8. Infectious Disease Resident o Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver, Colorado Jasmeet Dhaliwal, MD Chapter 6. Toxicology Chie Resident o Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Sara M. Krzyzaniak, MD Denver, Colorado Clinical Assistant Pro essor o Emergency Medicine Chapter 2. Cardiovascular Emergencies Department o Emergency Medicine University o Illinois College o Medicine at Peoria C. Scott Forsythe, MD, MPH OSF Saint Francis Medical Center Department o Emergency Medicine Peoria, Illinois University o North Carolina School o Medicine at Chapel Hill Chapter 19. Procedures and Skills Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chapter 11. Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Emergencies Sarah Leeper, MD Fellow, Global Health and Leadership Program Elena D. Garcia, MD Department o Emergency Medicine Clinical Instructor University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill Emergency Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina Denver Health Medical Center Chapter 4. Orthopedics Denver, Colorado Chapter 20. EMS and Disaster Medicine viii CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Jesse W. Loar, MD Christina L. Shenvi, MD, PhD Emergency Medicine Physician Assistant Pro essor Emergency Physicians o Porter Hospitals Assistant Residency Director Littleton, Colorado University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapter 9. Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Immunology Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chapter 5. Pediatrics Justin McLean, MD Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine Jessica J. Slim, MD, MPH Denver Health Hospital Resident o Emergency Medicine Denver, Colorado Denver Health Medical Center Chapter 20. EMS and Disaster Medicine Denver, Colorado Chapter 15. Neurology Abhi Mehrotra, MD, MBA, FACEP Vice Chair, Strategic Initiatives and Operations W. Gannon Sungar, DO Department o Emergency Medicine Department o Emergency Medicine University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill Denver Health Medical Center Chapel Hill, North Carolina Denver, Colorado Chapter 21. Ethical/Legal Issues Chapter 14. Head, Eyes, Ear, Nose, and Throat, and Dental Emergencies Marc Quinlan, MD PGY-IV Michael D. Susalla, MD Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine Resident, Department o Emergency Medicine Denver, Colorado Denver Health Medical Center Chapter 1. Resuscitation Denver, Colorado Chapter 19. Procedures and Skills Elaine M. Reno, MD Assistant Pro essor o Department o Emergency Medicine Java Tunson, MD University o Colorado School o Medicine Resident o Emergency Medicine Denver, Colorado Denver Health Medical Center Chapter 3. Trauma Denver, Colorado Chapter 6. Toxicology Jordan Ryan, MD Associate Physician Jeremy Voros, MD Emergency Physicians at Porter Hospitals Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine Denver, Colorado Denver, Colorado Chapter 18. Renal and Genitourinary Emergencies Chapter 17. Dermatology ix Se n io r Re v ie we r s Peter Bakes, MD Erica Douglas, MD, FACEP Swedish Medical Center Associate Medical Director Engelwood, Colorado AirLi e Denver Chapter 9. Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Immunology Denver, Colorado Chapter 20. EMS and Disaster Medicine David J. Berkof , MD, FAAEM, CAQSM Associate Pro essor Jef rey Druck, MD Department o Orthopaedics and Emergency Medicine Associate Pro essor o Department o Emergency Medicine University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill University o Colorado School o Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina Aurora, Colorado Chapter 4. Orthopedics Chapter 17. Dermatology Michael Breyer, MD Casey Glass, MD Assistant Pro essor Assistant Pro essor Department o Emergency Medicine Department o Emergency Medicine University o Colorado School o Medicine Wake Forest School o Medicine Aurora, Colorado; Winston Salem, North Carolina Sta Physician Emergency Medicine Chapter 16. Psychobehavioral Disorders Denver Health Medical Center Kennon Heard, MD, PhD Denver, Colorado University o Colorado Chapter 3. Trauma Aurora, Colorado Jane H. Brice, MD, MPH Chapter 6. Toxicology Pro essor and Chair Benjamin Honigman, MD Department o Emergency Medicine Pro essor Department o Emergency Medicine University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill Associate Dean, Clinical Outreach Chapel Hill, North Carolina University o Colorado School o Medicine Chapter 10. Thoracic and Respiratory Disorders and Aurora, Colorado Chapter11. Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Emergencies Chapter 8. Infectious Disease Jennie A. Buchanan, MD Frank Lansville, DO Associate Program Director CarePoint PC Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine; President, Medical Sta and Assistant Pro essor Medical Director, Emergency Department Department o Emergency Medicine The Medical Center o Aurora University o Colorado School o Medicine Centennial Medical Plaza ED and Saddle Rock ED Aurora, Colorado; Aurora, Colorado Sta Physician Emergency Medicine Chapter 18. Renal and Genitourinary Emergencies Denver Health Medical Center Dylan Luyten, MD, FACEP Denver, Colorado; Associate EMS Medical Director Attending, Medical Toxicology Rocky Mountain Poison and St. Anthony Hospitals Drug Center Lakewood, Colorado Denver, Colorado Chapter 1. Resuscitation Chapter 12. Obstetrics and Gynecology Courtney H. Mann, MD Richard L. Byyny, MD University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill Associate Pro essor Chapel Hill, North Carolina Department o Emergency Medicine Chapter 5. Pediatrics University o Colorado School o Medicine Maria Moreira, MD Aurora, Colorado; Program Director Sta Physician Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine; Emergency Medicine Associate Pro essor Denver Health Medical Center Denver, Colorado Department o Emergency Medicine Chapter 19. Procedures and Skills University o Colorado School o Medicine Ira Chang, MD Aurora, Colorado; Blue Sky Neurology Sta Physician Emergency Medicine Carepoint PC Denver Health Medical Center Swedish Medical Center Denver, Colorado Englewood, Colorado Chapter 14. Head, Eyes, Ear, Nose, and Throat, and Dental Chapter 15. Neurology Emergencies
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