This page intentionally left blank FICTIONS OF JUSTICE Thiscompellingvolumetakesupthechallengeofdocumentinghowhuman rightsvaluesareembeddedinanewruleoflawregimetoproduceanewlan- guageofinternationaljusticethatcompeteswitharangeofotherreligious andculturalformations.Itexploreshowdeclarationsof“justice,”like“law,” havethepowertoburythenormativepoliticalapparatuswithinwhichthey areembedded,therebyobscuringtheprocessesoftheirmaking.Thebook demonstrateshowthesenotionsofjusticeareproducedasnecessarysocial fictions–asfictionsthatweneedtolivewith.Byexaminingthemakingof theRomeStatutefortheInternationalCriminalCourtinmultipleglobal sites,theapplicationofitsjurisdictioninsub-SaharanAfrica,andtherelated contestations on the African continent, the author details the way that notionsofjusticearenegotiatedthrougheverydaymicropracticesandgrass- rootscontestations.Amongthesemicropracticesarespeechactsthatrevere theprotectionofhumanrights,citationreferencestotreatydocuments,the brokeringofhumanrightsagendas,therewritingofnationalconstitutions, demonstrations of religiosity that point out the piety of religious subjects, andritualpracticesofforgivenessthatinvolvetheinvocationofancestral religiouscosmologies.Bydetailingtherenderingillegibleofcertainjustice constructs and the celebration of others, the book journeys through the problem of incommensurability and the politics of exclusion in our social world. In anattemptto payattention tothe diverse expressionsofjustice withinwhichtheoriesoflegalpluralismcirculate,theauthorendsbycalling foracriticaltransnationallegalpluralism.Thisapproachtakesseriouslythe roleoftranslationandthemakingoffictionsofmeaningastheyplayoutin unequalrelationsofpower. Kamari Maxine Clarke is a professor of anthropology at Yale University and a research scientist at the Yale Law School. Her areas of research explore issues related to religious nationalism, legal institutions, interna- tionallaw,theinterfacebetweencultureandpower,andtheirrelationship to the modernity of race and late capitalist globalization. Her recent arti- clesandbookshavefocusedontransnationalreligiousandlegalmovements andtherelatedproductionofknowledgeandpower.TheyincludeMapping Yoruba Networks: Power and Agency in the Making of Transnational Com- munities (2004) and Globalization and Race: Transformations in the Cultural Production of Blackness (2006). Her forthcoming titles are Testimonies and Transformations:ReflectionsontheUseofEthnographicKnowledgeandMirrors of Justice: Law and Power in the Post–Cold War Era. Professor Clarke has lecturedthroughouttheUnitedStates,Canada,andpartsofEurope,Africa, andtheCaribbeanonawiderangeoftopics.SheisDirectoroftheCenterfor TransnationalCulturalAnalysisandChairoftheYaleCouncilonAfrican Studies. CAMBRIDGESTUDIESINLAWANDSOCIETY Cambridge Studies in Law and Society aims to publish the best scholarly workonlegaldiscourseandpracticeinitssocialandinstitutionalcontexts, combiningtheoreticalinsightsandempiricalresearch. Thefieldsthatitcoversare:studiesoflawinaction;thesociologyoflaw; theanthropologyoflaw;culturalstudiesoflaw,includingtheroleoflegal discourses in social formations; law and economics; law and politics; and studiesofgovernance.Thebooksconsiderallformsoflegaldiscourseacross societies,ratherthanbeinglimitedtolawyers’discoursesalone. Theserieseditorscomefromarangeofdisciplines:academiclaw,socio- legalstudies,sociology,andanthropology.Allhavebeenactivelyinvolved inteachingandwritingaboutlawincontext. SeriesEditors ChrisArup MonashUniversity,Victoria MartinChanock LaTrobeUniversity,Melbourne PatO’Malley UniversityofSydney SallyEngleMerry NewYorkUniversity SusanSilbey MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology BooksintheSeries DiseasesoftheWill MarianaValverde ThePoliticsofTruthandReconciliationinSouthAfrica: LegitimizingthePost-ApartheidState RichardA.Wilson ModernismandtheGroundsofLaw PeterFitzpatrick UnemploymentandGovernment: GenealogiesoftheSocial WilliamWalters AutonomyandEthnicity: NegotiatingCompetingClaimsinMulti-EthnicStates YashGhai SerieslistcontinuesaftertheIndex. FICTIONS OF JUSTICE The International Criminal Court and the Challenge of Legal Pluralism in Sub-Saharan Africa Kamari Maxine Clarke Yale University CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521889100 © Kamari Maxine Clarke 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2009 ISBN-13 978-0-511-54019-6 eBook (EBL) ISBN-13 978-0-521-88910-0 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-71779-3 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work are correct at the time of first printing, but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. DedicatedtothelateChimaUbani, Nigerianhumanrightsleader, killedundercontroversialcircumstances
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