Extreme heat : a prevention guide to promote your personal health and safety

13 Pages·2.903 MB·English

by  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

noitneverP dna lortnoC esaesiD rof sretneC
secivreS namuH dnA htlaeH fo tnemtrapeD .S.U
U.S. Department of Health And Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
/dlocemertxe/bsh/hecn/vog.cdc.www//:ptth
vog.cdc@qniEHHE ;9876-232-888-1
7173-14303 AG ,atnaltA ,ywH drofuB 0074
25F SM ,htlaeH latnemnorivnE rof retneC lanoitaN
noitneverP dna lortnoC esaesiD rof sretneC
:tcatnoc esaelp ,htlaeh dna snoitidnoc rehtaew dloc no noitamrofni erom roF
For more information on hot weather conditions and health, please contact:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Environmental Health, MS F52
4700 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717
1-888-232-6789; [email protected]
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/hsb/extremeheat/
1
.sesira ycnegreme htlaeh rehtaew-dloc a fi od ot tahw dna
smelborp htlaeh detaler-dloc tneverp ot woh wonk dluohs
.taeh tuohtiw ro detalusni ylroop si taht
uoy ,efas ylimaf ruoy dna flesruoy peek oT .detceffa eb nac
emoh a ni evil ohw ro ,dednarts era ohw ro retlehs tuohtiw
enoyna tub ,ksir ta ylralucitrap era ylredle eht dna stnafnI
eat-related deaths and illness are include age, obesity, fever, dehydration, heart disease, mental
esoht sa hcus ,elpoep elbitpecsus ni seicnegreme htlaeh
.smelborp htlaeh gninetaerht-efil ro suoires rehto esuac nac
preventable yet annually many people illness, poor circulation, sunburn, and prescription drug and
no gnirb nac taht noitautis suoregnad a si dloc emertxE
,edistuo ro sroodni rehtehw ,serutarepmet dloc ot erusopxE
succumb to extreme heat. Historically, alcohol use.
.smelborp htlaeh suoires ot dael yam snoitidnoc detaler
from 1979 to 1999, excessive heat
-rehtaew esehT .yldipar erom ydob ruoy evael nac taeh .gninosiop edixonom
Because heat-related deaths are preventable, people need to
exposure caused 8,015 deaths in the
,sesaercni deeps dniw sa dna lamron woleb yldediced pord nobrac fo ksir eht sa llew sa ,sesaercni serif dlohesuoh
be aware of who is at greatest risk and what actions can be
United States. During this period,
serutarepmet revenehW ”.dloc emertxe“ deredisnoc era fo ksir eht ,mraw yats ot secalperif dna sretaeh ecaps esu
taken to prevent a heat-related illness or death. The elderly,
more people in this country died from extreme heat than
serutarepmet gnizeerf raen ,rehtaew retniw ot demotsuccanu tsum elpoep nehW .rehtaew eht rof etauqeda t’nsi metsys
the very young, and people with mental illness and chronic
from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods, and earth-
ylevitaler snoiger nI .yrtnuoc eht fo saera tnereffid ssorca gnitaeh eht esuaceb ro eruliaf rewop a ot eud rehtie—dloc
diseases are at highest risk. However, even young and
quakes combined. In 2001, 300 deaths were caused by
yrav nac stceffe sti dna dloc emertxe setutitsnoc tahW oot eb lliw semoh ynaM .sdrazah roodni ecaf osla yam
healthy individuals can succumb to heat if they participate
?dloC emertxE sI tahW uoy ,eci eht no sllaf dna sehsarc rac fo ksir eht ecuder pleh excessive heat exposure.
in strenuous physical activities during hot weather.
nacelbissop sa hcum sa sroodni gniyats hguohtlA .sdaor yci
People suffer heat-related illness when their bodies are Air-conditioning is the number one protective factor
dna seruliaf rewop htiw epoc ot evah yam
unable to compensate and properly cool themselves. The against heat-related illness and death. If a home is not
.elbaliava semoceb pleh litnu od ot tahw dna uoy os ,mrots retniw a ynapmocca netfo
body normally cools itself by sweating. But under some air-conditioned, people can reduce their risk for heat-related
erac lacidem kees ot nehw wonk ot uoy serutarepmet dloc ylemertxE .egnel
conditions, sweating just isn’t enough. In such cases, a illness by spending time in public facilities that are
pleh lliw serudecorp eseht ,revewoH .dia -lahc a emoceb nac efas dna mraw
person’s body temperature rises rapidly. Very high body air-conditioned.
tsrif ni gniniart rof etutitsbus a ton era gniyats ,lamron woleb yltnacifingis
temperatures may damage the brain or other vital organs.
ereh deniltuo serudecorp ycnegreme ehT pord serutarepmet retniw neh Summertime activity, whether on the playing field or the
Several factors affect the body’s ability to cool itself during construction site, must be balanced with measures that aid
extremely hot weather. When the humidity is high, sweat the body’s cooling mechanisms and prevent heat-related
will not evaporate as quickly, preventing the body from illness.This pamphlet tells how you can prevent, recognize,
releasing heat quickly. Other conditions related to risk and cope with heat-related health problems.
1
2
During Hot Weather
To protect your health when temperatures are extremely
.enicidem dna ,retaw ,doof fo stnuoma lanoitidda
high, remember to keep cool and use common sense. The
kcots ,detalosi si emoh ruoy fi ro ,serutarepmet
following tips are important: ).cte ,snoitacidem
dloc fo sdoirep gnol ot enorp si aera ruoy fI
,seirettab dia gniraeh
Drink Plenty of Fluids ,srepaid( smeti sdeen laiceps •
.deen yam rebmem ylimaf yna tahtsenicideM •
tlas kcor •
During hot weather you will need to increase your fluid
.erutpur dna ezeerf sepip retaw ruoy
levohs wons •
intake, regardless of your activity level. Don’t wait until
esac ni )nosrep rep snollag 5( retaw delttob
renepo nac cirtcele-non •
you’re thirsty to drink. During heavy exercise
desahcrup ro ,sreniatnoc naelc ni derotsretaW •
seirettab artxe •
in a hot environment, drink two to four
.nerdlihc gnuoy evah uoy fi alumrof
hctaw ro kcolc derewop-yrettab •
glasses (16–32 ounces) of cool fluids
dna doof ybab rebmemeR .stiurf deird dna
oidar derewop-yrettab •
each hour.
What Is Extreme Heat? ,sdoof dennac ,laerec ,srekcarc ,daerb sa hcus
nretnal derewop-yrettab ro thgilhsalf •
Warning:If your doctor generally limits launam noitcurtsni dna tik dia tsrif • ,noitaregirfer ro gnikooc on sdeen taht dooF •
Temperatures that hover 10 degrees or more above the
the amount of fluid you drink or has you rehsiugnitxe erif lacimehc-yrd ,esoprupitlum •
average high temperature for the region and last for several :smeti eseht fo ylppus ’syad lareves peeK
on water pills, ask how much you should sehctam •
weeks are defined as extreme heat. Humid or muggy emoH ruoY rof tiK lavivruS retniW
drink while the weather is hot. steknalb •
conditions, which add to the discomfort of high tempera-
stnemele gniwolg-non dna hctiws ffo-tuhs
tures, occur when a “dome” of high atmospheric pressure Don’t drink liquids that contain caffeine,
citamotua htiw retaeh ecaps cirtcele •
traps hazy, damp air near the ground. Excessively dry and alcohol, or large amounts of sugar—
)lio ro ,enaporp ,laoc( leuf ecanruf •
hot conditions can provoke dust storms and low visibility. these actually cause you to lose .rac ruoy ni dna emoh ruoy ni ytefas emitretniw retaerg rof
retaeh enesorek a rof enesorek -
Droughts occur when a long period passes without substantial more body fluid. Also avoid very ecnavda ni ekat nac uoy spets era erehT .ytilibissop a syawla
ro ,evots doow ro ecalperif a rof doowerif yrd -
rainfall. A heat wave combined with a drought is a very cold drinks, because they can s’ti—retniw yreve rehtaew dloc ylemertxe rof eraperP
:eruliaf rewop a gnirud emoh ruoy taeh ot yaw etanretla na • daehA nalP
dangerous situation. cause stomach cramps.
:tsiL seilppuS ycnegremE
2
3
Replace Salt and Minerals sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher (the most
.shtnom retniw eht gnirud effective products say “broad spectrum”
Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from the body.
netfo emoh ruoy fo erutarepmet eht kcehc or “UVA/UVB protection” on their
These are necessary for your body and must be replaced. If
dna ,yltneuqerf ti ees lliw uoy erehw noitacol labels) 30 minutes prior to going out.
you must exercise, drink two to four glasses of cool, non-
roodni na ni retemomreht daer-ot-ysae na ecalp Continue to reapply it according to the
alcoholic fluids each hour. A sports beverage can replace
,dlo sraey 56 revo era uoy fI .dloc yb desuac smelborp package directions.
the salt and minerals you lose in sweat. However, if you are
htlaeh ot elbitpecsus erom era elpoep redlo dna ,ega
on a low-salt diet, talk with your doctor before drinking a
htiw sesaerced erutarepmet ni egnahc a leef ot ytiliba ruoY sports beverage or taking salt tablets. Schedule Outdoor
.ylraey eciwt seirettab ecalper dna ,ylhtnom meht Activities Carefully
tseT .detaeh eb ot aera eht raen rotceted edixonom nobrac Wear Appropriate Clothing If you must be outdoors, try to limit
detarepo-yrettab a dna rotceted ekoms a llatsni ,retaeh and Sunscreen your outdoor activity to morning
enesorek ro ,evots doow ,ecalperif a gnisu eb ll’uoy fi ,oslA and evening hours. Try to rest
Wear as little clothing as possible when you are at home.
often in shady areas so that your
”.gninaelc yenmihc“ rednu Choose lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
body’s thermostat will have a chance to recover.
yrotcerid enohpelet ruoy fo segap wolley eht ni eno dnif ro Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool itself and causes
,rotcepsni na dnemmocer ot tnemtraped erif lacol ruoy ksA a loss of body fluids. It also causes pain and damages the
.raey hcae detcepsni eulf ro yenmihc ruoy evah ,gnitaeh skin. If you must go outdoors, Pace Yourself
.retaw nezorfnu ot ssecca evah yeht taht erus ekam dna
ycnegreme rof evots doow ro ecalperif a esu ot nalp uoy fI protect yourself from the If you are not accustomed to working or exercising in a hot
mraw meht peek ot retlehs etauqeda edivorp ,edisni meht
sun by wearing a environment, start slowly and pick up the pace gradually. If
gnirb tonnac uoy fI .sroodni meht gnirb ,step evah uoy fI
.detciderp si dloc emertxe fo doirep a revenehw
wide-brimmed exertion in the heat makes your heart pound and leaves you
seilppus ycnegreme ruoy kcehc dna ,ylraluger stsacerof
.swodniw enap-lamreht ro hat (also keeps gasping for breath, STOP all activity. Get into a cool area
rehtaew ot netsiL .eciton ’syad lareves htiw uoy
,swodniw mrots dna srood detalusni ,noitalusni ,gnippirts you cooler) along or at least into the shade, and rest, especially if you become
edivorp semitemos nac stsacerof rehtaew ,ecnavda ni raf
-rehtaew gnidda yb emoh ruoy foorprehtaew ,elbissop with sunglasses, lightheaded, confused, weak, or faint.
detciderp eb syawla tonnac dloc emertxe fo sdoirep hguohtlA
tnetxe eht oT .ezeerf ot ylekil ssel eb lliw ylppus retaw ruoy and by putting on
retniW rof emoH ruoY eraperP
os sllaw roiretxe gnola nur taht senil retaw yna etalusnI
3
4
Stay Cool Indoors Monitor Those at High Risk
Stay indoors and, if at all possible, stay in an air-conditioned Although any one at any time can suffer from heat-related
place. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to illness, some people are at greater risk than others.
the shopping mall or public library—even a few hours
• Infants and children up to four years of age are )noitcart dedda rof
spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler
sensitive to the effects of high temperatures and rely htolc deroloc ylthgirb • wons ro eci no ruop ot(
when you go back into the heat. Call your local health
on others to regulate their environments and provide )riaper erit ycnegreme rettil tac ro dnas fo gab •
department to see if there are any heat-relief shelters in
adequate liquids. rof( tnalaes htiw ria slewot repap •
your area. Electric fans may provide comfort, but when the
• People 65 years of age or older may not compensate desserpmoc dennac • tik loot •
temperature is in the high 90s, fans will not prevent heat-
for heat stress efficiently and are less likely to sense seirettab ssapmoc •
related illness. Taking a cool shower or bath or moving to
and respond to change in temperature. artxe dna thgilhsalf • enohp elibom • .senil leuf dna
an air-conditioned place is a much better way to cool off.
• People who are overweight may be prone to heat sickness renepo nac a dna spam daor • knat eht ni eci diova pleh ot lluf
Use your stove and oven less to maintain a cooler temperature
because of their tendency to retain more body heat. sdoof deird ro dennac selbac retsoob • raen knat sag eht peek ,retniw gniruD
in your home.
• People who overexert during work or exercise may eirolac-hgih dna reparcs dleihsdniw •
become dehydrated and susceptible to heat sickness. retaw fo reniatnoc • )retaw rof wons .serit eht ni erusserp
Use a Buddy System
• People who are physically ill, especially with heart levohs elbispalloc • tlem ot( sehctam ria eht kcehc dna ,serit nrow yna ecalpeR •
When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your disease or high blood pressure, or who take certain )wons yvaeh htiw foorpretaw dna nac a • .erutxim emitretniw a htiw diulf repiw-dleihsdniw ecalpeR •
co-workers and have someone do the same for you. Heat- medications, such as for depression, insomnia, or poor saera ni( sniahc erit • tik dia tsrif • .dedeen sa ,ezeerfitna ddA
induced illness can cause a person to become confused or circulation, may be affected by extreme heat. epor wot • steknalb • .retset ezeerfitna na htiw flesruoy level ezeerfitna
lose consciousness. If you are 65 years of age or older, have
eht kcehc ro ,decivres metsys rotaidar eht evaH •
a friend or relative call to check on you twice a day during Visit adults at risk at least twice a day and closely watch :smeti eseht htiw rac ruoy piuqE
a heat wave. If you know someone in this age group, check them for signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Infants and :llaf yreve ,noitidda nI .sdnemmocer rerutcafunam eht sa netfo
raC ruoY rof tiK lavivruS retniW
on them at least twice a day. young children, of course, need much more frequent watching. sa elcihev ruoy no ecivres ecnanetniam evaH .daeha gninnalp
yb smelborp levart retniw suoregnad ynam diova nac uoY
retniW rof raC ruoY eraperP
4
5
Adjust to the Environment
.etingi dluoc semuf eht .sgur ro steprac rednu
Be aware that any sudden change in temperature, such as an
erehw sroodni enilosag erots ton oD • droc eht nur ton od tub drazah gnippirt a ton si
early summer heat wave, will be stressful to your body. You
.noitucortcele fo ksir eht fo esuaceb tew era retaeh ecaps cirtcele na fo droc eht taht erus ekaM •
will have a greater tolerance for heat if you limit your
yeht fi secnailppa ro rotareneg eht esu ton oD • .retaeh ecaps a raen dednettanu nerdlihc evael reveN •
physical activity until you become accustomed to the heat.
.sdroc detar-roodtuo ,ytud-yvaeh .retaw raen ro erutinruf fo pot no retaeh ecaps a ecalp reveN •
If you travel to a hotter climate, allow several days to
laudividni gnisu rotareneg eht ot secnailppa ni gulP • .retaeh ecaps ruoy revoc reven dna
become acclimated before attempting any vigorous
,gniddeb ro ,erutinruf ,separd sa hcus ,erif no hctac yam
:gninosiop edixonom nobrac fo ksir eht fo esuaceb exercise, and work up to it gradually.
tahtgnihtyna fo teef 3 nihtiw retaeh ecaps a ecalp ton oD •
esuoh ruoy fo ekatni ria eht raen ro ,egarag eht edisni
.etutitsbus t’nod—esu
,sroodni rotareneg cirtcele na esu reveN Use Common Sense
ot dengised si retaeh ruoy leuf fo epyt eht ylno esU •
.retaeh enesorek Remember to keep cool and use common sense:
.yldaed era semuf eht—sroodni
a esu tsum uoy fi noitalitnev etauqeda erusnE •
• Avoid hot foods and heavy meals—
llirg sag ro laocrahc a esu reveN •
.ecalperif a ni repap nrub ton oD •
they add heat to your body.
.dednettanu seldnac til evael reveN •
.ecaps ria roodni eht otni sag eulf kael ton od dna
• Drink plenty of fluids and replace
.elbissop fi ,seldnac naht rehtar snretnal
edistuo eht ot detnev ylreporp era yeht fi ylno sretaeh
salts and minerals in your body.
ro sthgilhsalf derewop-yrettab esU •
noitsubmoc rehto ro ,sevots doow ,ecalperif esU •
• Dress infants and children in cool, loose clothing and
:eruliaf rewop a si ereht fI
:spit ytefas eseht shade their heads and faces with hats or an umbrella.
ylefaS kooC dna thgiL rebmemer dna ,3 egap no serusaem ytefas emoh eht sa llew sa • Limit sun exposure during mid-day hours and in
snoitcurtsni s’rerutcafunam eht wolloF .luferac ylemertxe eb places of potential severe exposure such as beaches.
.detaeh eb ot aera eht raen
,retaeh ecaps ro ,ecalperif ,evots doow a esu ot nalp uoy fI • Do not leave infants, children, or pets in a parked car.
rehsiugnitxe erif lacimehc-yrd ,esoprupitlum a erotS •
ylefaS emoH ruoY taeH • Provide plenty of fresh water for your pets, and
.ti esu ton od ,skraps secudorp
leave the water in a shady area.
ro droc lacirtcele degamad a sah retaeh ecaps ruoy fI • ytefaS roodnI
.retaeh ecaps ruoy ni gulp ot sdroc noisnetxe gnisu diovA •
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6
Heat Stroke
gnillor a ot retaw gnignirB .retaw rof detlem eb nac wons
56 revo era uoy fI .ytivitca lacisyhp ssel dna msilobatem
Heat stroke occurs when the body is unable to regulate its —elbaliava si retaw rehto on fi—erusaem ycnegreme na
rewols a fo esuaceb taeh ydob ssel ekam netfo stluda redlO
temperature. The body’s temperature rises rapidly, the sA .emoh s’robhgien a morf retaw teg ro retaw delttob esu
sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool ,derutpur era sepip eht ro ,sepip ruoy waht tonnac uoy fI .ybab eht raen aera eht morf meht evomer ;gnirehtoms
down. Body temperature may rise to 106°F or higher within fo ksir a tneserp osla nac gniddeb tfos rehto dna swolliP
.sepip eht otno reyrd riah cirtcele na
10 to 15 minutes. Heat stroke can cause death or permanent .ybab eht no gnillor tneverp ot snoituacerp ekat ,peels
morf ria mraw eht gnitcerid yb ylwols meht waht ,daetsnI
disability if emergency treatment is not provided. tsum uoy fI .taeh ydob nwo ruoy gnisu mraw tnafni na peek
.hcrot a htiw meht waht ton od ,ezeerf od sepip ruoy fI
nac uoy ,ycnegreme na nI .erehwesle yats ot stnemegnarra
Recognizing Heat Stroke yraropmet ekam ,deniatniam eb tonnac erutarepmet
Warning signs of heat stroke vary but may .knis nehctik eht htaeneb srood tenibac eht fI .erutarepmet roodni mraw a niatniam ot yrt dna
include the following: nehctik nepo ,elpmaxe roF .sepip raen stnafni rof gnihtolc mraw edivorP .gnirevihs yb taeh ydob
ria detaeh fo noitalucric eht evorpmI •
hguone ekam t’nac stnafni ,stluda ekilnu )2( dna ;stluda
• An extremely high body temperature
.mraw erutarepmet roodni eht peeK •
naht ylisae erom taeh ydob esol stnafni )1( esuaceb moor
(above 103°F, orally)
.ylsuounitnoc pird yeht
dloc a ni peels reven dluohs dlo raey eno naht ssel stnafnI
Hot Weather Health • Red, hot, and dry skin os nepo ylthgils spat retaw lla evaeL •
erutarepmeT ydoB rotinoM
(no sweating)
Emergencies • Rapid, strong pulse :detcepxe era serutarepmet dloc yrev nehW
• Throbbing headache .erutpur semitemos dna ezeerf ot emoh .thgin ta steknalb
Even short periods of high temperatures can cause serious • Dizziness ruoy ni sepip retaw esuac nac dloc emertxE htiw swodniw revoc ro seirepard esolc dna ,srood rednu
health problems. Doing too much on a hot day, spending • Nausea ylppuS retaW a peeK skcarc ni sgar ro slewot ffuts ,smoor dedeennu ffo esolC
too much time in the sun or staying too long in an overheated • Confusion .swodniw ro srood fo gninepo yrassecennu diovA .emoh ruoy
place can cause heat-related illnesses. Know the symptoms • Unconsciousness .detaeh yletauqeda era edisni elbissop sa taeh hcum sa peek ,noitalitnev artxe deen
of heat disorders and overexposure to the sun, and be ready t’nod uoy fi ,revewoH .stnemegnarra gnikooc ycnegreme
semoh rieht taht erusne ot yltneuqerf srobhgien dna sdneirf
to give first aid treatment. rof ro retaeh ruoy rof ni gnimoc ria hserf deen yam uoY
ylredle no kcehc ,oslA .rehtaew dloc ylereves gnirud
taeH evresnoC
netfo emoh ruoy ni erutarepmet eht kcehc ,ega fo sraey
6
7
What to Do Sometimes a victim’s muscles will begin to twitch
.sroodni nruter ot langis a si gnirevihs tnetsisreP .taeh If you see any of these signs, you may be dealing with a uncontrollably as a result of heat stroke. If this happens,
gnisol si ydob eht taht ngis tsrif tnatropmi na s’tI .gnirevihs life-threatening emergency. Have someone call for immediate keep the victim from injuring himself, but do not place any
erongi ton oD .ydob eht morf ssol taeh esaercni yltaerg niks medical assistance while you begin cooling the victim. object in the mouth and do not give fluids. If there is
eht htiw tcatnoc ni slairetam esehT .rewolb wons a gnisu ro Do the following: vomiting, make sure the airway remains open by turning
:ytefas dna htlaeh
rac ruoy gnileuf dna gnici-ed elihw niks ruoy no lohocla ro the victim on his or her side.
ruoy tcetorp ot spit eseht rebmemer dna ,elbissop sa feirb sa • Get the victim to a shady area.
enilosag gnitteg diova ,oslA .mraw oot leef uoy revenehw
edistuo spirt yna ekaM .sroodni yats ot yrt ,sdniw hgih era • Cool the victim rapidly using whatever methods you
gnihtolc fo sreyal artxe evomer os ,ssol taeh esaercni lliw
ereht fi yllaicepse dna ,dloc ylemertxe si rehtaew eht nehW can. For example, immerse the victim in a tub of
noitaripsrep ssecxE .yldipar ydob eht sllihc gnihtolc tew
ytefaS roodtuO
cool water; place the person in a cool shower;
—yrd yatS .nottoc naht taeh ydob erom dloh lliw gnihtolc
spray the victim with cool water from a garden hose;
fo sreyal renni enelyporpylop ro ,klis ,looW .dniw yb desuac
sponge the person with cool water; or if the humidity
ssol taeh-ydob ecuder ot ,tnatsiser dniw ylbareferp ,nevow
.rotcod ruoy is low, wrap the victim in a cool, wet sheet and fan him
ylthgit si gnihtolc ruoy fo reyal retuo eht erus eB
ksa ,snoitcirtser yrateid yna evah uoy or her vigorously.
fI .erutarepmet ydob ruoy niatniam pleh • Monitor body temperature, and continue cooling
gnihtolc gnittif
ot htorb ro segareveb teews ,mraw knird efforts until the body temperature drops to 101–102°F.
-esool fo sreyal lareves •
,daetsnI .yldipar erom taeh esol ot ydob • If emergency medical personnel are delayed, call the
stoob dna taoc tnatsiser-retaw • Heat Exhaustion
ruoy esuac yeht—segareveb detanieffac hospital emergency room for further instructions.
)sevolg naht remraw era yeht( snettim •
ro cilohocla knird ton oD .remraw yats • Do not give the victim fluids to drink. Heat exhaustion is a milder form of heat-related illness that
tsirw eht ta guns era taht seveels •
uoy pleh lliw slaem decnalab-llew gnitaE • Get medical assistance as soon as possible. can develop after several days of exposure to high temper-
htuom dna ecaf revoc
ylesiW knirD dna taE atures and inadequate or unbalanced replacement of fluids.
ot ksam tink ro fracs a •
It is the body’s response to an excessive loss of the water
tah a •
and salt contained in sweat. Those most prone to heat
.wons ni dnuof semitemos
:raew dluohs nerdlihc dna stludA exhaustion are elderly people, people with high blood pressure,
stnatullop lacimehc evomer t’now tub ,tneserp eb yam taht
and people working or exercising in a hot environment.
yrD yatS dna ylmraW sserD
setisarap ro smsinagroorcim tsom llik lliw etunim eno rof liob
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Recognizing Heat Exhaustion What to Do morf 4002 yaM detpada trahC llihC dniW )SWN( ecivreS rehtaeW lanoitaN
Warning signs of heat exhaustion include the following: Cooling measures that may be effective include the following:
• Heavy sweating • Dizziness • Cool, nonalcoholic beverages, as .srucco etibtsorf litnu emit fo tnuoma dna
• Paleness • Headache directed by your physician ,erutarepmet deviecrep dna erutarepmet ria lautca neewteb
• Muscle cramps • Nausea or vomiting • Rest ecnereffid eht swohs thgir eht ot trahC llihC dniW ehT
• Tiredness • Fainting • Cool shower, bath,
.looc ylno era serutarepmet nehw neve ,ylekil erom
• Weakness or sponge bath
era smelborp htlaeh detaler-rehtaew suoires ,sdniw hgih era
• An air-conditioned
The skin may be cool and moist. The victim’s pulse rate ereht nehW .pord ot erutarepmet niks gnisuac ,ylkciuq erom
environment
will be fast and weak, and breathing will be fast and shallow. hcum ydob ruoy morf yawa taeh yrrac nac ti ,sesaercni
• Lightweight
If heat exhaustion is untreated, it may progress to heat dniw eht fo deeps eht sA .dloc dna dniw fo stceffe eht yb
clothing
stroke. Seek medical attention immediately if any of the desuac niks desopxe morf ssol taeh fo etar eht no desab si tI
following occurs: Heat Cramps .deeps dniw eht htiw denibmoc si erutarepmet ria eht nehw
sleef ydob ruoy erutarepmet eht si xedni llihC dniW ehT
• Symptoms are severe Heat cramps usually affect people who sweat a lot during
• The victim has heart problems or high blood pressure strenuous activity. This sweating depletes the body’s salt llihC dniW dnatsrednU
and moisture. The low salt level in the muscles causes
Otherwise, help the victim to cool off, and seek medical painful cramps. Heat cramps may also be a symptom of .ti odrevo t’nod
attention if symptoms worsen or last longer than 1 hour. heat exhaustion. os ,mraw yats ot tsuj drah gnikrow ydaerla si ydob ruoy
,rebmemeR .ylwols krow dna ylmraw sserd ,serohc rood
Recognizing Heat Cramps
-tuo yvaeh od ot evah uoy fi ,esiwrehtO .dloc eht ni krow
Heat cramps are muscle pains or spasms—usually in the
drah rehto gnimrofrep ro wons gnilevohs tuoba ecivda
abdomen, arms, or legs—that may occur in association
s’rotcod ruoy wollof ,erusserp doolb hgih ro esaesid traeh
with strenuous activity. If you have heart problems or are
evah uoy fI .traeh eht no niarts artxe na stup rehtaew dloC
on a low-sodium diet, get medical attention for heat cramps.
noitrexE diovA
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