EXAMININGTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFFLORIDA LEGISLATIONGOVERNINGSTATEWIDEARTICULATION OFSELECTEDASSOCIATEINSCIENCEDEGREEPROGRAMS TOBACCALAUREATEDEGREEPROGRAMS BY MARYJORAGER ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF DOCTOROFEDUCATION UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA 2005 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Iamespeciallygratefultomyfriendsandfamilywhoprovidedsupportand encouragementthroughoutmygraduateprogram. Theirlove,patience,and understandinghaveinspiredmetoreachmygoals,whileenduringlife'schallengesalong theway. ThewonderfulsupportIreceivedfrommyfriendsandcolleaguesatLake- SumterCommunityCollegehasbeeninstrumentalinhelpingmetocompletemy programofstudy. Theirencouragement,expertise,time,andmoralsupporthelped tremendouslyinmyeffortstobalanceworkresponsibilitieswiththeprofessionaland personalsidesoflife. Specialthanksareconveyedtomycommitteechair.Dr.DaleF.Campbell,forhis encouragement,support,andconfidenceinmethroughoutmygraduatestudies. His guidanceinchallengingmeto"stepoutofmycomfortzone"hasenabledmetogrow personallyandprofessionally. 1amalsothankfultomycommitteemembers: Dr.David Honeyman,forsharinghisexpertiseandsupport;Dr.LynnLeverty,forher encouragementandinsight;andmynewestcommitteemember.Dr.LawrenceTyree,for hiswillingnesstoworkwithmeasIconcludemyproject. Also,specialthanksare extendedtoDr.JamesWattenbarger,whoinspiredmetopursuemygraduatestudiesand servedasawonderfulrolemodelformanystudents. IalsoconveymyappreciationtothededicatededucatorsandASdegreegraduates whoparticipatedinthisstudy. Theygraciouslycommittedtheirtimeandprovided valuableinsighttothestudyastheysharedtheirexperiencesandperceptionswithme. I ii amalsothankfultomyfellowgraduatestudentswhohavebeensupportiveand encouragingthroughouttheprocess. Thecompletionofthisprojecthasbeenpossiblethroughthesupportofan incrediblegroupoffriends. MydeepestappreciationgoestoKathyNesbit,GailJohnson, MargieFarmer,BonnieHolloway,DonnaSarber,DebraDabney,andBrandyZiesemer, forithasbeenthroughtheirimmeasurablesupport,patience,andinspirationthatIhave beenabletosurvivethisincrediblejourney. iii TABLEOFCONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii LISTOFTABLES vi LISTOFFIGURES vii ABSTRACT viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 StatementoftheProblem 2 PurposeoftheStudy 3 ResearchQuestions 4 Definitions 4 DesignoftheStudy 5 Methods 6 LimitationsoftheStudy 6 OutlineoftheStudy 7 2 REVIEWOFTHELITERATURE 8 HistoricalPerspective 8 TransferCurriculum 10 TheTransferStudent 13 ArticulationPolicesandPractices 15 ArticulationPoliciesinFlorida 16 StatewideArticulationofAS-BSPrograms 18 BarrierstoArticulation 20 Summary 23 3 METHODOLOGY 25 PurposeoftheStudy 25 ResearchQuestions 26 RationaleandMethodology 26 ResearchMethods 28 Summary 31 iv 4 GROUNDEDTHEORYFINDINGS 33 PurposeoftheStudy 33 ProcessandCategories 35 EducationalAdministrators'Perspectives 39 Open-CodingCategories 40 ASTransferStudents 54 Summary 62 5 SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS,ANDRECOMMENDATIONS 64 SummaryoftheStudy 65 Methodology 65 ReviewofFindings 66 Conclusions 72 RecommendationsforFutureResearch 73 APPENDIX INTERVIEWGUIDE 75 REFERENCES 77 BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 81 V LISTOFTABLES m& Table 4-1 Open-codingcategorieswithpropertiesanddimensionalizedexamples 42 4-2 Open-codi—ngcategorieswithpropertiesanddimensionalized properties students 55 4-3 ASdegreegraduatestransferringtoastateuniversity 61 5-1 Comparisonoffactorsaffectingthedevelopmentandimplementationof statewidearticulationofselectedAS-baccalaureatedegreeprograms 69 vi LISTOFFIGURES Figure ESge 4-1 Flowofactivitiesinconductingagroundedtheorystudy 36 4-2 Theoreticalmodeloffactorsleadingtothedevelopmentandimplementation ofstatewideAS-BSarticulation 63 vii AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchool oftheUniversityofFloridainPartialFulfillmentofthe RequirementsfortheDegreeofDoctorofEducation EXAMININGTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFFLORIDA LEGISLATIONGOVERNINGSTATEWIDEARTICULATION OFSELECTEDASSOCIATEINSCIENCEDEGREEPROGRAMS TOBACCALAUREATEDEGREEPROGRAMS By MaryJoRager May2005 Chair: DaleF.Campbell MajorDepartment: EducationalLeadership,PolicyandFoundations Sincetheearly1970s,policymakersandresearchershaveexaminedarticulation andtransferpoliciesinhighereducationinstitutionsthroughoutthenation. Asaresult ofenrollmentgrowthinpostsecondaryinstitutions,shrinkingstatebudgets,andlimited educationresources,publicpressurehasdrivenStateBoardsofEducationtoaddress issuesrelatedtoseamlessarticulationandmaximumaccessinpostsecondaryinstitutions. Seamlessarticulationhas,andcontinuestobe,atopicofinterestandstudyforeducators andlegislatorsonregional,state,andnationallevels. AlthoughastatewidearticulationagreementfortransferringAssociateinArts degreeprogramtobaccalaureatedegreeprogramsatFloridapublicuniversitieshasbeen ineffectfordecades,astatewidearticulationagreementofselectedAssociateinScience degreeprogramstobaccalaureatedegreeprogramshasonlybeenineffectsince1998. ThepurposeofourstudywastoconductananalysisofFloridalegislationrelatedto viii statewidearticulationofselectedAssociateinSciencedegreeprogramstobaccalaureate degreeprogramsinFloridacommunitycollegesandstateuniversities. ThecentralquestionframingthestudywasWhatfactorsledtothedevelopment andimplementationoflegislationinFloridatoadoptstatewidearticulationagreements forselectedAS-baccalaureatedegreeprograms? Thisbroadquestionwasrefinedand focused,asvariousperspectivesofstudentsandeducatorswerecomparedthrough groundedtheorytechniques,tobuildtheunderlyingtheory. Open,axialcodingwasused tointerpretandorganizethedata. Throughthisprocess,thetheoreticalmodelofthe factorsleadingtoimplementationofthestatewidearticulationlegislationemerged. Thesefactorsincludededucationaccess,articulationprocesses,excesshoursandcost, curriculumissues,andASdegreeprogramsofhighinterest. Factorsshapedbythe educationalcontextincludedcollaboration,facultyinvolvement,timeline,andoverall benefittothestudents,resultinginoutcomesthatincludedrevisedcareereducation programs,approvedstatewidearticulationofselectedAS-baccalaureateprograms,and theimpactonASdegreetransferrates. Thetransferfunctionofthecommunitycollegeplaysanimportantroleinhigher education,affectingtheeducationalqualityofitsprogramsandaccessopportunitiesfor itsstudents. BecausethestatewideAS-baccalaureatearticulationagreementisrelatively new,researchfindingsonimplementationandoutcomesofthearticulationlegislation mayleadtoadditionalfollow-upstudiesontheeffectivenessofthesearticulationpolicies andbaccalaureatedegreeattainment. ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Over30yearsago,stateinvolvementinthetransferandarticulationprocessin highereducationwasverylimited(Robertson&Frier,1996). Americaneducation, however,hasundergonemuchscrutinyandcriticalreviewduringthepast3decades. Withshrinkingstatebudgets,publicpressureforgreateraccountability,andobligations ofstatestoprovideeducationalopportunitiesfortheircitizenry,theneedforeducational reformwasexpressedbypolicymakers,businessandeducationleaders,andresearchers. Theneedforreformwastoourgenttodelegatethisresponsibilitytoadhoc,accidental, orvoluntarygroups.Asaresult,manystatelegislaturesbeganmandatingthe strengtheningofacademicprograms(Bender,1990;Robertson&Frier,1996). Asameansofstrengtheningtheacademicprogramsofhighereducation institutions,statespromotedthetransferandarticulationbetween2-yearand4-year institutionstohelpincreasesystemicefficiencyandeffectiveness(Ignash&Townsend, 2000). Studiesonthecharacteristicsandtransferproblemsofjuniorcollegestudents wereinitiatedinthe1950sunderthedirectionoftheJointCommitteeonJuniorand SeniorCollegesandcontinuedinthe1960s,notablywithLelandMedsker'sworkon transferstudentperformance,retention,problems,andfacultyattitudes(Kintzer,1996). Sincethen,transferguidelines,articulationagreements,andstate-levelpolicieshavebeen wellstudiedbyBender,Kintzer,Knoell,andWattenbarger(Ignash&Townsend,2000). 1