European Union Security Dynamics: In the New National Interest PDF
Preview European Union Security Dynamics: In the New National Interest
New Security Challenges Series General Editor: Stuart Croft, Professor of International Security in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick, UK, and Director of the ESRC’s New Security Challenges Programme. The last decade demonstrated that threats to security vary greatly in their causes and manifestations, and that they invite interest and demand responses from the social sciences, civil society and a very broad policy community. In the past, the avoidance of war was the primary objective, but with the end of the Cold War the retention of military defence as the centrepiece of international secu- rity agenda became untenable. There has been, therefore, a significant shift in emphasis away from traditional approaches to security to a new agenda that talks of the softer side of security, in terms of human security, economic security and environmental security. The topical New Security Challenges series reflects this pressing political and research agenda. Titles include: Jon Coaffee, David Murakami Wood and Peter Rogers THE EVERYDAY RESILIENCE OF THE CITY How Cities Respond to Terrorism and Disaster Christopher Farrington (editor) GLOBAL CHANGE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS Implementing the Political Settlement Kevin Gillan, Jenny Pickerill and Frank Webster ANTI-WAR ACTIVISM New Media and Protest in the Information Age Andrew Hill RE-IMAGINING THE WAR ON TERROR Seeing, Waiting, Travelling Andrew Hoskins and Ben O’Loughlin TELEVISION AND TERROR Conflicting Times and the Crisis of News Discourse Janne Haaland Matlary EUROPEAN UNION SECURITY DYNAMICS In the New National Interest Michael Pugh, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner (editors) CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PEACEBUILDING Brian Rappert BIOTECHNOLOGY, SECURITY AND THE SEARCH FOR LIMITS An Inquiry into Research and Methods Brian Rappert (editor) TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY Governing Threats in the New Millennium New Security Challenges Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–00216–6 (hardback) and ISBN 978–0–230–00217–3 (paperback) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England European Union Security Dynamics In the New National Interest Janne Haaland Matlary Professor of International Politics, Institute of Political Science University of Oslo, and the Norwegian Defence Education Command, Norway © Janne Haaland Matlary 2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009978-1-349-35666-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin's Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-35666-9 ISBN 978-0-230-59430-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230594302 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Matlary, Janne Haaland. European Union security dynamics in the new national interest / Janne Haaland Matlary. p. cm.—(New security challenges series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Security, International – European Union countries. 2. National security – European Union countries. 3. European Union countries – Military policy. I. Title. JZ6009.E94M38 2009 355(cid:2).03304—dc22 2008035172 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 Transferred to Digital Printing in 2009 In memoriam my mother Ada Johanne Haaland, 1926–2007 This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Abbreviations x Acknowledgements xii Epigraph xiii Introduction 1 Part I Security Policy in Europe 1 Post-National Security Policy in Europe 15 From nation-state to ‘service-state’ in Europe 17 From existential, territorial threat to diffuse risk 19 Implications for non-state actors in security policy 23 The state may lose its monopoly on military force 26 Driving forces of internationalisation 29 Multilateral legitimacy 31 The return of security interests: Doing good and fighting terrorism 36 2 EU Security and Defence Policy: Legitimacy and Capability 40 EU legitimacy for the use of force 41 EU military capabilities 46 European Capabilities Action Plan (ECAP) 49 Headline goal 2010 50 EDA 51 The civilian headline goals for 2008 53 Gendarmerie force 53 Institutional capacity building 54 Planning Cell instead of headquarter 55 EU operations 57 NATO’s role 58 Relations between NATO and the EU 60 How are decisions made in the EU? 61 3 EU Security Dynamics: The New National Interests 68 The new national interests in security policy 73 vii viii Contents Realist models of the ESDP 77 Constructivist and institutionalist approaches 79 The EU: Soft power – therefore ethical power? 84 Indirect power: The shaping of institutions 86 Exercising power in the ESDP 89 Part II EU Security Dynamics: Pursuing National Interests 4 Playing the Great Game: France, Britain, and Germany 97 Grand strategy in Europe 99 France 101 The evolution of French strategic thinking 104 Britain 110 From unilateral to multilateral force deployments 117 The main political dynamic: Directoire inside the EU 120 The battlegroups 125 The EDA and defence industry ‘pooling’ 130 Conclusions 134 5 Playing the Two-Level Game: France, Britain, Germany 138 Two-level games played 138 Domestic political processes 143 Weak governments: Italy and Germany 146 Italy 146 Germany 149 Strong governments: Britain and France 159 Britain 159 France 162 Weak state elites must play two-level games 164 Strong state elites sometimes play two-level games 165 Part III Incurring Security Policy Dependencies? 6 Coalitions of the Able: The Pooling of Military Capacity in the ESDP 169 Military integration in Europe 171 Integration in the battlegroups 173 Integration through procurement and planning? 174 Military capacities: Who depends on whom? 176 The political process: Does it create integration? 184 Contents ix 7 Coalitions of the Willing: The Pooling of Sovereignty in the ESDP 188 EU as an arena or an actor? 190 In bello decision-making matters increasingly 192 Coercive diplomacy: Another area of core logic 195 EU strategic culture: A contradiction in terms? 202 Capability, legitimacy, but no political will 204 Conclusion: A French model for the EU? 206 Notes 213 Bibliography 218 Index 229
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