Europe from War to War, 1914–1945 PDF
Preview Europe from War to War, 1914–1945
Europe from War to War, 1914–1945 Europe from War to War, 1914–1945 explores this age of metamorphosis within European history, an age that played a crucial role in shaping the Europe of today. Covering a wide range of topics such as religion, arts and literature, humanitarian relief during the wars, transnational feminism, and efforts to create a unified Europe, it examines the social and cultural history of this period as well as political, economic, military, and diplomatic perspectives. Thematically organized within a chronological framework, this book takes a fully comparative approach to the era, allowing the reader to follow the evolution of key trends and ideas across these 31 turbulent years. Each period is analyzed from both an international and a domestic perspective, expanding the traditional narrative to include the role and impact of European colonies around the world while retaining a close focus on national affairs, everyday existence within Europe itself, and the impact of the wars on people’s lives. Chapters include discussion of regions such as Scandinavia, the Balkans, and the Iberian peninsula that are less frequently covered, emphasizing the network of connections between events and places across the continent. Global in scope, accessibly written, and illustrated throughout with photographs and maps, this is the perfect introductory textbook for all students of early twentieth-century European history. Alice-Catherine Carls is Tom Elam Distinguished Professor of History at the University of Tennessee at Martin, U.S. Her publications include La Ville Libre de Dantzig en Crise Ouverte, 1938–1939 (1982) as well as numerous book chapters and journal articles. Stephen D. Carls is University Professor of History at Union University, U.S. His pub- lications include Louis Loucheur and the Shaping of Modern France, 1916–1931 (1993, also published in France in revised form in 2000). Europe from War to War, 1914–1945 Alice-Catherine Carls and Stephen D. Carls First published 2018 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 2018 Alice-Catherine Carls and Stephen D. Carls The right of Alice-Catherine Carls and Stephen D. Carls to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Names: Carls, Alice-Catherine, author. | Carls, Stephen Douglas, author. Title: Europe from war to war, 1914-1945 / Alice-Catherine Carls and Stephen D. Carls. Description: Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017018357| ISBN 9781138999145 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781138999152 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315159454 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Europe—History—1918-1945. Classification: LCC D424 .C29 2017 | DDC 940.5—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017018357 ISBN: 978-1-138-99914-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-99915-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-15945-4 (ebk) Typeset in Garamond 3 LT Std by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK Visit the companion website: www.routledge.com/cw/carls To our children – Philip, Elizabeth, and Paul Contents List of figures xvi List of maps xviii Preface xix Methodology and organization of the book xxi Acknowledgments xxii PART 1 World War I and after, 1914–1923 1 1 The war’s international dimensions and aftermath 3 Introduction 3 Military operations 3 Diplomatic interactions 28 The Paris Peace Conference and the peace treaties 32 Overall conclusion 41 2 The home fronts, 1914–1918 43 Introduction 43 Wartime economies 43 Wartime politics 52 Wartime ideologies and activism 60 Life during the war 70 Overall conclusion 76 PART 2 Brave new world, 1919–1929 79 3 In search of collective security 81 Introduction 81 The Versailles decade 81 In search of collective security 89 Dreaming the United States of Europe 94 Colonial developments 102 Conflicts in the broader Middle East 111 Overall conclusion 115 viii Contents 4 Modernity’s promises 117 Introduction 117 Political reconstruction 118 Demographic transitions 137 Economic transitions 140 Social policies and transformations 150 Urban development 157 Overall conclusion 160 PART 3 Dress rehearsals for war, 1929–1939 161 5 Revisionism and realignments 163 Introduction 163 The end of the Versailles settlement, 1930–1935 163 The twilight of the European Idea 169 Colonial developments 172 The emergence of a German–Italian alliance, 1936–1938 177 Prelude to war, 1938–1939 183 Overall conclusion 191 6 Life as usual? 193 Introduction 193 Democracies challenged 193 Two faces of totalitarianism 206 Demographic transitions 215 Economic transformations 221 Social policies 230 Urban development 233 Overall conclusion 236 PART 4 World War II, 1939–1945 239 7 International dimensions of the war 241 Introduction 241 Military operations 241 The colonies in the war 270 Diplomatic initiatives 278 The peace conferences and the future of Europe 286 Overall conclusion 289 Contents ix 8 The home fronts, 1939–1945 291 Introduction 291 Wartime economies 291 The primacy of war over politics 296 Demographic chaos and human tragedies 305 The lives of the people 318 Overall conclusion 328 PART 5 European civilization in the crucible, 1914–1945 331 9 Culture in turmoil, 1914–1945 333 Introduction 333 Cultural dissonance 334 Religious shifts 344 Mass communication and propaganda 349 Mass media and culture 355 Overall conclusion 363 10 Whither Europe? 365 Index 369
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