EurAfrican Borders and Migration Management: Political Cultures, Contested Spaces, and Ordinary Lives PDF
Preview EurAfrican Borders and Migration Management: Political Cultures, Contested Spaces, and Ordinary Lives
PALGRAVE SERIES IN AFRICAN BORDERLANDS STUDIES EurAfrican Borders and Migration Management Political Cultures, Contested Spaces, and Ordinary Lives EDITED BY PAOLO GAIBAZZI, ALICE BELLAGAMBA, AND STEPHAN DÜNNWALD P algrave Series in African Borderlands Studies S eries Editors G regor D obler F reiburg University, I nstitute for Ethnology F reiburg, Germany W illiam M iles N ortheastern University, P rofessor of Political Science B oston, M assachusetts, USA W olfgang Z eller C entre of African Studies, U niversity of Edinburgh E dinburgh, U nited Kingdom A frican borderlands are among the continent’s most creative and most rapidly changing social spaces. Because their unique position offers more f exibility to social actors, they ref ect changes on the national level more quickly and more radically than most inland locations. The Palgrave Series in African Borderlands Studies is the f rst series dedicated to the explo- ration and theoretical interpretation of African borderlands. It contrib- utes to core debates in a number of disciplines and provides vital insights for practical politics in border?related issues, ranging from migration and regional integration to conf ict resolution and peace?building. M ore information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/14666 P aolo G aibazzi • A lice Bellagamba • S tephan D ünnwald E ditors E urAfrican Borders and Migration Management P olitical Cultures, Contested Spaces, and Ordinary Lives E ditors P aolo G aibazzi S tephan D ünnwald Z entrum Moderner Orient B ayerischer Flüchtlingsrat B erlin, Germany M ünchen, G ermany A lice B ellagamba U niversity of Milan-Bicocca M ilan , I taly P algrave Series in African Borderlands Studies I SBN 978-1-349-94971-7 ISBN 978-1-349-94972-4 (eBook) D OI 10.1057/978-1-349-94972-4 L ibrary of Congress Control Number: 2016955853 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2 017 T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specif cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microf lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specif c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: © ZUMA Press, Inc. / Alamy Stock Photo P rinted on acid-free paper T his Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature T he registered company is Nature America Inc. The registered company address is: 1 New York Plaza, New York, NY 10004, U.S.A. T o the multitude of men and women who dedicate their lives to breaking down barriers between people A CKNOWLEDGMENTS T his publication originated in ABORNE (African Borderlands Research Network) through the International Workshop ‘Fences, Networks, People: Exploring the EU/AFRICA Borderland’ organized by Alice Bellagamba, Timothy Raeymaekers and Pierluigi Valsecchi at the University of Pavia, 15–17 December 2011. This was made possible thanks to sup- port from the African Borderlands Research Network (ABORNE), the European Science Foundation (ESF), the University of Milan-Bicocca, the University of Zurich and the Centro Studi per i Popoli Extra-Europei Cesare Bonacossa at the University of Pavia. The workshop aimed to cast an Africanist eye on Europe’s southern border, and to explore a schol- arly frontier between Africanists and Europeanists along which relatively little contact had yet been made. We would, therefore, like to thank all the above institutions and the individuals—in particular Antonio Morone, Massimo Zaccaria and Gianpiera Bernuzzi—who provided the partici- pants with a wonderful and welcoming setting for their discussions. After the conference, we split the contributions into two projects: a special issue edited by Timothy Raeymaekers (2014b) on the Mediterranean frontier and the present volume. Having convened the Panel ‘Forced Migration and the Role of Borders’ at ABORNE’s Fifth Annual Conference, Lisbon, 21–25 September, Paolo Gaibazzi (also a participant at the Pavia confer- ence) and Stephan Dünnwald joined the editorial project of this volume. Most of the chapters included here were presented in Pavia; the rest were written by invitation. W e are grateful to the editors of the ABORNE-Palgrave Macmillan S eries in African Borderlands Studies for their support throughout the vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS long process of preparing and revising the manuscript, as well as to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable insights. We also thank Frauke Haupenthal and Patrick Winkelhorst for their help with the editorial work. A lice Bellagamba’s and Paolo Gaibazzi’s participation in this editorial project took place in the frame of the following projects: ‘Stato, pluralità e cambiamento in Africa’ (PRIN 2010–2011, Area 14, code 201048XTL) and Mebao (Missione Etnologica in Bénin e Africa Occidentale). In addi- tion, Alice Bellagamba acknowledges support from the project ‘Shadows of Slavery in West Africa and Beyond: a historical anthropology’ (ERC project 313737), while Paolo Gaibazzi’s editorial role was supported by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Education and Research (funding code: 01UG0713). The editors are responsible for the introductory chapter and for the editorial organization of this publication. C ONTENTS P art I Framing EurAfrican Borders 1 1 I ntroduction: An Afro-Europeanist Perspective on EurAfrican Borders 3 Paolo Gaibazzi, Alice Bellagamba, and Stephan Dünnwald 2 E ffective Protection or Effective Combat? EU Border Control and North Africa 2 9 Martin Lemberg-Pedersen P art II Places 61 3 T he Tensions of the Ceuta and Melilla Border Fences 6 3 Polly Pallister-Wilkins 4 B amako, Outpost of the European Border Regime? 83 Stephan Dünnwald 5 D eportation Ghettoes in Mali: Expelled Migrants Between State Exclusion and Self-Organization 109 Clara Lecadet ix x CONTENTS P art III Actors 127 6 P olicies, Practices, and Representations Regarding Sub-Saharan Migrants in Libya: From the Partnership with Italy to the Post-Q adhaf Era 129 Antonio M. Morone 7 T he Making of the Schengen Regime: Visa Filtering at the Italian Consulate in Senegal 1 57 Francesca Zampagni 8 M arriage at the Embassy: Securing the EurAfrican Border in Cameroon 181 Maybritt Jill Alpes 9 F rontiers of Exodus: Activists, Border Regimes and Euro- Mediterranean Encounters After the Arab Spring 197 Paolo Gaibazzi P art IV Lives 219 1 0 M aritime Migration from Senegal to Spain: Fishermen’s Experiences 2 21 Juliette Hallaire 1 1 R eshaping ‘Frontiers of Violence’ from Europe to the Middle East: Abduction, Human Traff cking and Death Along the Horn of Africa Migration Route to Israel 243 Laurie Lijnders 1 2 S uspended Lives: Undocumented Migrants’ Everyday Worlds and the Making of ‘Illegality’ Between Morocco and Italy 2 63 Laura Menin
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