Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach

231 Pages·2013·133.43 MB·English

by  Daniel J. Chiego Jr.

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CHAP TITLE
Essentials
of
ORAL HISTOLOGY

and EMBRYOLOGY

A CLINICAL APPROACH
This page intentionally left blank
Essentials
of
ORAL HISTOLOGY
EMBRYOLOGY
and

A CLINICAL APPROACH
Fourth Edition
Daniel J. Chiego, Jr., M.S., Ph.D.
Associate Professor, School of Dentistry
Former Director of the Student Research Program
Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences
and Endodontics
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
ESSENTIALS OF ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY:
A CLINICAL APPROACH, FOURTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-08256-3
Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2006, 2000, 1992 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other
than as may be noted herein).
Notices
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our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.
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contained in the material herein.
ISBN: 978-0-323-08256-3
Vice President and Publisher: Linda Duncan
Executive Content Strategist: Kathy Falk
Content Manager: Kristin Hebberd
Content Development Specialist: Joslyn Dumas
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Project Manager: Jan Waters
Design Direction: Karen Pauls
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Preface
The central purpose of this textbook is to educate students in that could occur in clinical practice. Each box has a coordi-
the dental professions with an explanation of the structures nating Discussion box at the end of the chapter that provides
related to histology of the masticatory apparatus. The fields of common answers to the questions or possible recommenda-
head and neck embryology and histology are of utmost impor- tions and explanations for certain conditions, thereby pre-
tance in the study of dental practice and dental hygiene. Oral paring students for how they would respond to similar situ-
histology is paramount to the understanding of dental pathol- ations in real life and opening the door to further discussion
ogy, so connecting these fields of study provides an explana- of other possible solutions. Additional Clinical Comment
tion for the cause-and-effect nature of dental conditions and boxes placed throughout this edition offer clinical tips and
resulting treatment choices. To undertake the best treatment notes of interest pertaining to chapter content.
for the patient, one must first understand what is normal to
gain better awareness of the abnormal.
NEW TO THIS EDITION
OVERVIEW The fourth edition of Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryol-
ogy: A Clinical Approach contains a new section termed “Quan-
The fourth edition of Essentials of Oral Histology and daries in Science,” which is intended to increase the reader’s
Embryology: A Clinical Approach is therefore designed as the awareness of the philosophical and scientific dilemmas associ-
basic science information text to help in the comprehension ated with the content of each chapter. Ultimately, the author
of the microscopic anatomy of the oral and facial tissues. hopes to inspire a novel dialogue with the reader which will re-
Chapter 2 of this edition, “Structure and Function of Cells, sult in further reading and research into solutions to the ques-
Tissues, and Organs,” has been especially revised to provide tions raised. Although science has made significant advances in
more essential information about these building blocks of the the interpretation of the mysteries of the body, there is a long
body’s systems. Other areas of the book, including Suggested way to go. Every day we read in the news, on the Internet, or in
Reading and Self-Evaluation Questions at the end of each scientific journals how another quantum of data leads to our
chapter, have been updated with new information. As with understanding of growth, development, physiology, and pathol-
previous editions of the text, an effort has been made to posi- ogy of the human body. What the future holds is unknown, but
tion explanatory diagrams and illustrations as close as possi- I am sure the human spirit will prevail and move us in a direction
ble to their accompanying textual descriptions. In addition, which will lead to a better understanding of the human body and
most illustrations are now presented in color to enable stu- how to prolong life and enhance our well-being.
dents to better correlate structure with function by observing
histology as they would view it in reality. We believe that the About the Evolve site
use of so many detailed photographs, drawings, and diagrams The accompanying Evolve site has been expanded quite a bit
will allow a greater ease in understanding the numerous theo- for the fourth edition. Material found on Evolve includes:
retical and clinical concepts presented here.
Another key to learning the content of this text effectively is
For the Instructor:
possessing a thorough grasp of the sometimes complicated
n A 500-Question Test Bank with accompanying rationales
terminology used in the fields of histology, embryology, and
and page-number references for remediation
oral anatomy. The fourth edition now includes a list of Learning
n PowerPoint presentations separated by chapter and designed
Objectives and Key Terms at the beginning of each chapter.
to guide lecture
Learning Objectives list the main ideas discussed in each chap-
n The complete Image Collection in downloadable formats
ter and what the student can be expected to know by reading its
content, thus allowing readers and instructors to set goals for
For the Student:
comprehension and engage in more directed learning at the
n Practice Quizzes separated by chapter provided in assess-
outset of the chapter. The Key Terms are listed alphabetically
ment format with answers, rationales, and page-number
and are then bolded where they are discussed in the text, where
references
the reader will find a contextual explanation of that term. The
n Interactive Flashcards created from the book’s Key Terms
Glossary at the end of the book provides definitions for these
and Glossary
key terms that will allow students to use them in their clinical
n Clinical photos and radiographs from the text formatted
vocabulary with confidence.
into a drag-and-drop interactive Labeling Exercise
Special features such as the Consider the Patient boxes
n A variety of Weblinks providing avenues for further study
and Clinical Comment boxes are continued in this edition.
Consider the Patient boxes demonstrate the applicability of These online extras and updates promise to make the fourth edi-
the book’s concepts by presenting the reader with situations tion of Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology an invalu-
v
and patient questions relevant to the current chapter discussion able asset to classroom learning and individual study alike.
Acknowledgments
The fourth edition of Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryol- like to thank the exceptional team of Kristin Hebberd, Joslyn
ogy: A Clinical Approach has been revised without the able as- Dumas, and Jan Waters for their excellent editorial support, at-
sistance of Dr. James K. Avery, who passed away 16 April 2011. tention to detail, encouragement, and suggestions through all the
Dr. Avery was a dedicated scientist, clinician, scholar, and phases of production of the current edition. Without this team, I
teacher who devoted his life to training dental students and den- would have had great difficulty in understanding the complexi-
tal scientists. The three previous editions of this book have pro- ties of book publishing and the sequence of events leading to a
vided a foundation, which helped immensely in the revision of successful completion. I would like to thank my children, Daniel
this new edition. I have tried to incorporate many of the lessons and Nadia, and my family for everything that makes life enjoy-
learned from Dr. Avery in formulating this edition. My sincere able. And finally, I would like to especially thank my parents,
gratitude also goes to the many students and colleagues who Daniel and Josephine, for making all things possible.
have provided constructive criticism on the previous editions of
Daniel J. Chiego, Jr.
this book, as well as recommendations for this one. I would also
vi
In Memoriam
James Knuckey Avery died on 16 April 2011 in Ann Arbor, goals, and I was amazed that when one task was complete we
Michigan at the age of 89 years. would immediately move on to the next. Initially I was over-
Jim Avery was a friend of mine as well as a mentor and col- whelmed by this method of operation, but because of Jim’s
league. Jim made my transition from an NIH post-doctoral fel- modeling, I gradually became accustomed to this fast pace
low to a faculty member at the University of Michigan School and accomplished more than I ever thought possible. At na-
of Dentistry relatively easy with his teaching style and work tional and international conferences, Jim would introduce me
ethic. He had all the qualities of the person I hoped to become. to his friends and colleagues. We would enjoy dinner and talk
To make things even better, one facet of his area of research and about the biology of the dental pulp, which for us was always
interest – how the nervous system interacts with odontoblasts – as satisfying as the food. Jim and I wrote many papers, chap-
was exactly my scientific interest. Our mutual interest in neural- ters, and NIH grants together; taught courses; gave lectures;
odontoblast interactions was what brought me to Ann Arbor and enjoyed life as we watched our children grow up. Life
from New York City, where I had attended and graduated from went on, and we remained close colleagues and friends even
New York University. Throughout the interview process, Jim after Jim’s retirement.
made me feel comfortable and was easy to talk to about science I was fortunate enough to call James K. Avery a mentor
and life. and friend, and he has left me with amazing memories and a
My choice was made, but moving from NYC to Ann Arbor, lasting appreciation for science. Jim was a gentleman who
Michigan was difficult for me, and Jim eased those chal- was an educator, a scientist, and a healthcare provider, as
lenges. We worked every day and accomplished myriad tasks, well as an excellent husband, father, and grandfather. He
including designing experiments, analyzing results, and writ- made us all richer for having known him. I am extremely
ing grants to support our work. In our “spare” time, we wrote grateful for the many hours we spent together talking, laugh-
chapters in books and original manuscripts based on our labo- ing, writing, and philosophizing. The world is different now.
ratory results. I was glad there were 24 hours in a day because Rest in Peace, Jim.
I needed all of them to keep up with Jim and everything that
Daniel J. Chiego, Jr.
we needed to do. We worked intensely and accomplished our
vii
Contents
1 Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues 1 10 Cementum 128
2 Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, 11 Periodontium: Periodontal Ligament 136
and Organs 18
12 Periodontium: Alveolar Process
3 Development of the Oral Facial Region 37 and Cementum 147
4 Development of the Face and Palate 50 13 Temporomandibular Joint 156
5 Development of Teeth 61 14 Oral Mucosa 166
6 Eruption and Shedding of the Teeth 77 15 Salivary Glands and Tonsils 184
7 Enamel 92 16 Biofilms 196
8 Dentin 101 Glossary 203
9 Dental Pulp 113
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