Essentials of Cloud Computing

396 Pages·2014·11.174 MB·English

by  K. Chandrasekaran

Computer Science & Engineering
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Cloud computing—accessing computing resources over the Internet—is rap- S
idly changing the landscape of information technology. Its primary benefits E
compared to on-premise computing models are reduced costs and increased N
agility and scalability. Hence, cloud computing is receiving considerable inter- T
est among several stakeholders—businesses, the IT industry, application de- I
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velopers, researchers, and students. To successfully embrace this new com-
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puting model, these stakeholders need to acquire new cloud computing skills
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and knowledge. This book is designed to provide readers with a clear and

thorough understanding of the key aspects of cloud computing. O
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Presented in an easy-to-understand style, Essentials of Cloud Computing
begins with an introduction to basic cloud computing concepts. It then covers C CLOUD
cloud computing architecture, deployment models, programming models, and L
cloud service types, such as Software as a Service (SaaS) and Infrastructure as O Essentials of
a Service (IaaS). It also discusses the cloud’s networking aspects, major ser- U
vice providers, open source support, and security issues. The book concludes
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with a discussion of several advanced topics, such as mobile clouds, media
COMPUTING
clouds, and green clouds. C
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This book is intended for beginners as well as experienced practitioners who
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want to learn more about cloud computing. It includes many case studies,
programming examples, and industry-based applications. Each chapter con- P
cludes with review questions that help readers check their understanding of U
the presented topics. Essentials of Cloud Computing will help readers un-
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derstand the issues and challenges of cloud computing and will give them the
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tools needed to develop and deploy applications in clouds. N
K. CHANDRASEKARAN
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Features
• Presents a complete picture of cloud computing using real-life examples
• Looks at the hardware, software, and networks of the cloud from a
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service-oriented perspective H
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• Covers the engineering aspects of designing cloud applications and the N
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technological aspects of using cloud applications
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• Includes details of both open source and proprietary products and A
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services E
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K21449 N
www.crcpress.com
K21449_cover.indd 1 10/29/14 11:13 AM

CLOUD
Essentials of
COMPUTING

CLOUD
Essentials of
COMPUTING
K. Chandrasekaran
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Contents
Foreword .............................................................................................................xvii
Preface ...................................................................................................................xix
1. Computing Paradigms ...................................................................................1
Learning Objectives .........................................................................................1
Preamble ............................................................................................................1
1.1 High-Performance Computing ...........................................................1
1.2 Parallel Computing ...............................................................................2
1.3 Distributed Computing ........................................................................3
1.4 Cluster Computing ...............................................................................3
1.5 Grid Computing ....................................................................................4
1.6 Cloud Computing .................................................................................5
1.7 Biocomputing.........................................................................................5
1.8 Mobile Computing ................................................................................6
1.9 Quantum Computing ...........................................................................6
1.10 Optical Computing ...............................................................................7
1.11 Nanocomputing ....................................................................................7
1.12 Network Computing.............................................................................7
1.13 Summary ................................................................................................8
Key Points .........................................................................................................8
Review Questions ............................................................................................8
Further Reading ...............................................................................................8
2. Cloud Computing Fundamentals ................................................................9
Learning Objectives .........................................................................................9
Preamble ............................................................................................................9
2.1 Motivation for Cloud Computing .....................................................10
2.1.1 The Need for Cloud Computing.................................................11
2.2 Defining Cloud Computing ...............................................................12
2.2.1 NIST Definition of Cloud Computing ................................12
2.2.2 Cloud Computing Is a Service .............................................13
2.2.3 Cloud Computing Is a Platform ...........................................13
2.3 5-4-3 Principles of Cloud computing ...............................................14
2.3.1 Five Essential Characteristics ...............................................14
2.3.2 Four Cloud Deployment Models .........................................15
2.3.3 Three Service Offering Models ............................................16
2.4 Cloud Ecosystem .................................................................................17
2.5 Requirements for Cloud Services .....................................................19
2.6 Cloud Application ...............................................................................21
2.7 Benefits and Drawbacks .....................................................................22
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vi Contents
2.8 Summary ..............................................................................................24
Review Points .................................................................................................24
Review Questions ..........................................................................................25
Reference .........................................................................................................25
Further Reading .............................................................................................26
3. Cloud Computing Architecture and Management ................................27
Learning Objectives .......................................................................................27
Preamble ..........................................................................................................27
3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................28
3.2 Cloud Architecture .............................................................................28
3.2.1 Layer 1 (User/Client Layer) ..................................................28
3.2.2 Layer 2 (Network Layer) .......................................................29
3.2.3 Layer 3 (Cloud Management Layer) ....................................30
3.2.4 Layer 4 (Hardware Resource Layer) ....................................30
3.3 Anatomy of the Cloud ........................................................................30
3.4 Network Connectivity in Cloud Computing ..................................32
3.4.1 Public Cloud Access Networking ........................................32
3.4.2 Private Cloud Access Networking ......................................32
3.4.3 Intracloud Networking for Public Cloud Services ............32
3.4.4 Private Intracloud Networking ............................................33
3.4.5 New Facets in Private Networks .........................................33
3.4.6 Path for Internet Traffic .........................................................34
3.5 Applications on the Cloud .................................................................34
3.6 Managing the Cloud ...........................................................................37
3.6.1 Managing the Cloud Infrastructure ...................................37
3.6.2 Managing the Cloud Application ........................................39
3.7 Migrating Application to Cloud .......................................................40
3.7.1 Phases of Cloud Migration ...................................................40
3.7.2 Approaches for Cloud Migration ........................................41
3.8 Summary ..............................................................................................41
Review Points .................................................................................................42
Review Questions ..........................................................................................42
References .......................................................................................................43
Further Reading .............................................................................................43
4. Cloud Deployment Models ........................................................................45
Learning Objectives .......................................................................................45
Preamble ..........................................................................................................45
4.1 Introduction .........................................................................................46
4.2 Private Cloud .......................................................................................47
4.2.1 Characteristics ........................................................................47
4.2.2 Suitability ................................................................................48
4.2.3 On-Premise Private Cloud ....................................................49
4.2.3.1 Issues ........................................................................49
Contents vii
4.2.4 Outsourced Private Cloud ....................................................51
4.2.4.1 Issues ........................................................................51
4.2.5 Advantages .............................................................................52
4.2.6 Disadvantages ........................................................................52
4.3 Public Cloud .........................................................................................53
4.3.1 Characteristics ........................................................................53
4.3.2 Suitability ................................................................................54
4.3.3 Issues........................................................................................54
4.3.4 Advantages .............................................................................56
4.3.5 Disadvantages ........................................................................56
4.4 Community Cloud ..............................................................................56
4.4.1 Characteristics ........................................................................57
4.4.2 Suitability ................................................................................58
4.4.3 On-Premise Community Cloud ...........................................58
4.4.3.1 Issues ........................................................................58
4.4.4 Outsourced Community Cloud ...........................................59
4.4.4.1 Issues ........................................................................60
4.4.5 Advantages .............................................................................60
4.4.6 Disadvantages ........................................................................61
4.5 Hybrid Cloud .......................................................................................61
4.5.1 Characteristics ........................................................................62
4.5.2 Suitability ................................................................................62
4.5.3 Issues........................................................................................62
4.5.4 Advantages .............................................................................63
4.5.5 Disadvantages ........................................................................64
4.6 Summary ..............................................................................................64
Review Points .................................................................................................64
Review Questions ..........................................................................................65
References .......................................................................................................65
5. Cloud Service Models ..................................................................................67
Learning Objectives .......................................................................................67
Preamble ..........................................................................................................67
5.1 Introduction .........................................................................................68
5.2 Infrastructure as a Service .................................................................71
5.2.1 Characteristics of IaaS ...........................................................72
5.2.2 Suitability of IaaS ...................................................................73
5.2.3 Pros and Cons of IaaS ............................................................74
5.2.4 Summary of IaaS Providers ..................................................75
5.3 Platform as a Service ..........................................................................77
5.3.1 Characteristics of PaaS ..........................................................79
5.3.2 Suitability of PaaS ..................................................................80
5.3.3 Pros and Cons of PaaS ...........................................................81
5.3.4 Summary of PaaS Providers .................................................83
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5.4 Software as a Service ..........................................................................83
5.4.1 Characteristics of SaaS ..........................................................86
5.4.2 Suitability of SaaS ..................................................................87
5.4.3 Pros and Cons of SaaS ...........................................................88
5.4.4 Summary of SaaS Providers .................................................90
5.5 Other Cloud Service Models .............................................................90
5.6 Summary ..............................................................................................93
Review Points .................................................................................................94
Review Questions ..........................................................................................94
Further Reading .............................................................................................95
6. Technological Drivers for Cloud Computing .........................................97
Learning Objectives .......................................................................................97
Preamble ..........................................................................................................97
6.1 Introduction .........................................................................................98
6.2 SOA and Cloud ....................................................................................98
6.2.1 SOA and SOC .........................................................................99
6.2.2 Benefits of SOA .....................................................................100
6.2.3 Technologies Used by SOA .................................................101
6.2.4 Similarities and Differences between SOA and
Cloud Computing ................................................................101
6.2.4.1 Similarities ............................................................102
6.2.4.2 Differences ............................................................102
6.2.5 How SOA Meets Cloud Computing ..................................103
6.2.6 CCOA .....................................................................................104
6.3 Virtualization.....................................................................................105
6.3.1 Approaches in Virtualization ............................................106
6.3.1.1 Full Virtualization ................................................106
6.3.1.2 Paravirtualization ................................................106
6.3.1.3 Hardware-Assisted Virtualization ....................107
6.3.2 Hypervisor and Its Role ......................................................107
6.3.3 Types of Virtualization .......................................................108
6.3.3.1 OS Virtualization .................................................108
6.3.3.2 Server Virtualization ...........................................108
6.3.3.3 Memory Virtualization........................................108
6.3.3.4 Storage Virtualization ..........................................108
6.3.3.5 Network Virtualization .......................................109
6.3.3.6 Application Virtualization ..................................109
6.4 Multicore Technology .......................................................................109
6.4.1 Multicore Processors and VM Scalability ........................110
6.4.2 Multicore Technology and the Parallelism in Cloud ......110
6.4.3 Case Study ............................................................................110
6.5 Memory and Storage Technologies ................................................111
6.5.1 Cloud Storage Requirements ..............................................111