Error Control Coding for B3G/4G Wireless Systems: Paving the Way to IMT-Advanced Standards

280 Pages·2011·14.483 MB·English

by  Klaus David(eds.)

ERROR CONTROL
CODING FOR B3G/4G
WIRELESS SYSTEMS
Error Control Coding for B3G/4G Wireless Systems: Paving the Way to IMT-Advanced Standards, First Edition.
Edited by Thierry Lestable and Moshe Ran. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISBN: 978-0-470-77935-4
Wiley-WWRF Series
Series Editor:Prof. Klaus David, ComTec, University ofKassel, Germany
The Wiley-WWRF Seriesis a series of comprehensiveand timely booksbased onthe
work ofthe WWRF (Wireless World Research Forum). This Forumis aglobal
organization with over 130 membersfromfivecontinents, representing allsectors ofthe
mobilecommunicationsindustry andthe research community, with the missionto
shape thewirelessfuture. The authors are all activemembersof the WWRF. The series is
focused on wirelesscommunications,embracing all aspects fromspectrum strategies,the
physical layerand networking protocols, up toapplications andservices. Eachvolume
ofthe series is a developmentof thewhite papersproduced bytheworkinggroups of
WWRF, based oncontributionsfrom members,andeach describesthe current research in
the subject,together with an identification offuture research requirements.
This book series is ideal for researchers from academia and industry, aswell asengineers,
managers,strategists,and regulators.
Other WWRFtitles:
Rahim Tafazolli:Technologies for theWireless Future:Wireless World Research Forum
Volume1, 978-0-470-01235-2, October2004
Rahim Tafazolli:Technologies for theWireless Future:Wireless World Research Forum,
Volume2, 978-0-470-02905-3, April 2006
Klaus David:Technologies for the WirelessFuture: Wireless World Research Forum,
Volume3, 978-0-470-99387-3, September2008
Thierry Lestableand Moshe Ran: Error Control Coding for B3G/4G Wireless Systems:
Paving theWay to IMT-AdvancedStandards, 978-0-470-77935-4, April 2011
ERROR CONTROL
CODING FOR B3G/4G
WIRELESS SYSTEMS
PAVING THE WAY TO
IMT-ADVANCED STANDARDS
Edited by
Dr. Thierry Lestable
SAGEMCOM, France (formerly with Samsung Electronics)
Dr. Moshe Ran
H.I.T – Holon InstituteofTechnology,Israel
Thiseditionfirstpublished2011
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
ErrorcontrolcodingforB3G/4Gwirelesssystems:pavingthewayto
IMT-advancedstandards/editedbyThierryLestable,MosheRan.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-77935-4(cloth)
1. Error-correctingcodes(Informationtheory)2. Wirelesscommunication
systems–Standards. I.Lestable,Thierry.II.Ran,Moshe.
TK5102.96.E772011
621.382’1–dc22 2010034199
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
PrintISBN:9780470779354(hb)
ePDFISBN:9780470975213
oBookISBN:9780470975220
ePubISBN:9780470977590
Setin11/13ptTimesFontbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India
TomyamazingwifeCynthia,theloveofmylife,ourtwooutstandingsons,Quentin
and Florian, my mother Elisabeth, my sister Nathalie, and my brother Christian.
In beloved memory of my father Michel, mygrandmotherNo€eline, and my nephew
Benoit who left us too soon.
Thierry Lestable
“A vaincre sans p(cid:2)eril, on triomphe sans gloire.”
“Triumph without peril brings no glory”
Le Cid (1636), by Pierre Corneille
To my wife Zvia, my son Omer, and our daughters Idit and Einat who are the most
preciouspeopleinmylife,fortheirloveandsupportduringthepreparationofthis
book.
Special thanks to all the contributors of this book for their hard teamwork and
dedication.
Moshe Ran
Contents
About the Editors xi
Contributors xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Abbreviations xix
1 Coding 1
(Gerhard Bauch, Claude Berrou, David Declercq, Alexandre Graell I Amat,
YoussoufOuld-Cheikh-Mouhamedou,Yannick Saouter, Jossy Sayir,
and MarcosB.S.Tavares)
1.1 General Code Types 1
1.2 Designing Codes Based on Graphs 7
1.3 Pseudorandom Designs 8
1.3.1 Pseudorandom Designs for TurboCodes 8
1.3.2 Structured Designs 14
1.3.3 Code Optimization 22
1.4 Repeat Accumulate Codes 25
1.5 Binary versusNonbinary 28
1.6 Performance Results of NonbinaryLDPC Codes 30
1.6.1 Small CodewordLengths 30
1.6.2 High-Order Modulations 31
1.6.3 Brief Presentation ofNB-LDPC Decoders 33
1.7 Three-Dimensional (3D) TurboCodes 34
1.7.1 The Encoding Structure 35
1.7.2 Code Optimization 37
1.7.3 Decoding the 3D Turbo Code 42
1.7.4 SimulationResults 43
1.8 Conclusions 45
References 46
viii Contents
2 Decoding 49
(Moshe Ran, Carlos De Segovia, and Omer Ran)
2.1 Algebraic Soft-Decision (ASD) andReliability-Based Decoders 50
2.1.1 Reliability-Based Soft-Decision Decoding 51
2.1.2 AdaptiveIterative Soft-Decision Decoders for Short
PacketLengths 54
2.1.3 AlgebraicSoft-Decision and Reed–Solomon Codes 61
2.2 GraphversusTrellis Decoding Algorithms 63
2.2.1 BP-Based Algorithms 63
2.2.2 BCJR-Based Algorithms 64
References 65
3 IncrementalRedundancyfor Coding 69
(Stefania Sesia and Charly Poulliat)
3.1 Introduction 69
3.2 Retransmission Protocols(ARQ) 70
3.2.1 Stop-and-Wait ARQ Protocol 70
3.2.2 Go-Back-N ARQ Protocol 73
3.2.3 Selective Repeat (SR) ARQ Protocol 74
3.2.4 Summary and Challenges 75
3.3 HARQSchemes 76
3.3.1 Type IHARQ 76
3.3.2 Type II HARQ 78
3.3.3 Comparison in Terms ofBufferRequirements 80
3.4 DesignofHybridARQ TypeII 81
3.4.1 MathematicalSystemModel 81
3.4.2 Throughput Analysis 83
3.5 Code Design 86
3.5.1 Rate-Compatible Punctured(RCP)ConvolutionalCodes 88
3.5.2 Rate-Compatible PuncturedTurboCodes 89
3.5.3 Fountainand Raptor Codes 90
3.5.4 Low-Density Parity-CheckCodes 96
3.6 Generalizationofthe Mutual Information Evolutionfor Incremental
RedundancyProtocols 99
3.6.1 Complexity for Iterative Decoding Schemesin theContext
ofIncremental Redundancy Protocols 101
3.7 ARQ/HARQ inthe Standards 102
3.7.1 Retransmission Protocols in 3GPP Standard 103
3.7.2 Retransmission Protocols in Non-3GPP Standard 106
3.8 Conclusions 107
References 107
Contents ix
4 Architecture and HardwareRequirements 113
(Frank Kienle)
4.1 Turbo Decoder Implementation 113
4.1.1 Interleaver and Deinterleaver 114
4.1.2 SerialTurbo Decoding 115
4.1.3 Paralleland ShuffledTurboDecoding 117
4.1.4 Turbo Decoding with Parallel ComponentDecoder 117
4.1.5 MAP Decoder 119
4.1.6 Branch Metric Calculation 124
4.1.7 Stateand Path Metrics 127
4.1.8 Duobinary Codes 137
4.1.9 Quantization 139
4.1.10 Normalization 141
4.1.11 Implementation Results 145
4.2 LDPC Decoder Architectures 146
4.2.1 Generic Architecture Template 146
4.2.2 Two-PhaseArchitecture 149
4.2.3 Two-PhaseArchitecture with PN Branch 151
4.2.4 Single-Phase Architecture 151
4.2.5 Layered Architecture 153
4.2.6 Other Architecture Concepts 154
4.2.7 Considering Throughputand Latency 155
4.2.8 Considering VLSIComplexity 159
4.2.9 Considering CommunicationsPerformance 160
4.2.10 The LDPC CodeDecoder Design Space 161
4.2.11 Architecture Parallelism 167
4.2.12 Travelingthe Design Space 169
4.2.13 Implementation Issues 170
4.2.14 FPGA Implementation 172
4.2.15 ASIC Implementation 172
4.2.16 Powerand Energy Issues 173
4.2.17 Design Studies 177
References 185
5 Turbo-Principle Extensions 189
(Isabelle Siaud, MingJiang, Anne-Marie Ulmer-Moll, Maryline H(cid:1)elard,
ThierryLestable, and Carlos De Segovia)
5.1 Introduction 189
5.2 From TurboCodetoAdvanced IterativeReceivers 191
5.2.1 From TurboCode toTurbo Equalization 191
5.2.2 Turbo-Equalization Principle 194
5.2.3 Turbo Equalization Applied to Iterative Receiver 196
x Contents
5.3 Turbo-Based InterleavingTechniques 197
5.3.1 General Principles oftheAlgorithm 199
5.3.2 MathematicalDescription 205
5.3.3 Performance as Inner Interleaving toTurbo-FEC Structure 207
5.3.4 Performance as Outer Binary Interleaving 210
5.3.5 Performance as DynamicSubcarrier Mapping Allocation 214
5.4 Turbo-MIMOTechniques 218
5.4.1 Introduction 218
5.4.2 System Overview 219
5.4.3 Genetically Inspired Optimization 220
5.4.4 Turbo MIMO-OFDM Receiver using GA-Aided Iterative
Channel Estimation 222
5.4.5 SimulationResults 225
5.5 Conclusions 236
References 237
6 Standardization 241
(Marie-H(cid:1)el(cid:3)ene Hamon, ThierryLestable, andIsabelle Siaud)
6.1 3GPPSystems:UMTS and LTE 241
6.2 IEEE 802.16/WiMAX 242
6.3 IEEE 802.11n 245
6.4 Satellite (DVB-RCS, DVB-S2) 246
6.5 Wireless Rural Area Network: The IEEE802.22 standard [IEEE802_22] 248
6.5.1 FEC Coding 250
6.5.2 Outing Interleaving 252
6.6 Others 254
References 254
Index 257
About the Editors
Thierry Lestable
ThierryLestablereceivedhisEngineeringdegreeandPhDfromtheEcoleSup(cid:1)erieure
d’Electricit(cid:1)e (Supelec) in 1997 and 2003 respectively. He has been involved with
cutting-edge wireless telecommunications since 1998 and is the author of over 40
internationalpublications,includingtwoWileybooksandover25patents.Since2008,
Dr Lestable has been Technology and Innovation Manager at SAGEMCOM (Paris,
France), in charge of technology strategy and the roadmap within the CTO office.
DrLestableisanexpertinhisfieldfortheEuropeanCommission(FP7),andEureka
Cluster CELTIC, whilst chairing the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) group in the
eMobility European Technology Platform Expert Group. He is the manager of
FP7-BeFEMTO project targeting next-generation LTE-based Femtocells, and he
initiatedtheFP7-EXALTEDprojectdedicatedtoLTE-basedM2Mcommunications.
Since2010,hehasbeenamemberoftheTelecomSteeringBoardfromtheSystem@-
tic Competitiveness Cluster in France.
AtAlcatel Labs(1998–2003), he investigatedmulticarrierwirelesssystemspaving
thewayfor4GChinesesystemswithFuTURE863projects.From2004,DrLestable
was with Samsung Electronics Research Institute (SERI) in the UK, heading the
AdvancedTechnologyGroupandfocusingonadvancedchannelcoding(LDPC),itera-
tiveprocessingandthecross-layerapproachforMIMO-OFDMbasedsystems.Hecon-
tributedactivelytoIEEE802.16m,and802.20standardswhileparticipatinginEuropean
researchprojects(FP6-WINNER),andcreatingtheFP7-DAVINCIConsortium.
Moshe Ran
MosheRanholdsaPhDfromTelAvivUniversity,andhasbeentheheadofresearch
anddevelopmentatHolonInstituteofTechnology(HIT)since2009.Hehas25years’
experience in state-of-the-art communications systems and has led R&D groups in
severalcommunicationtopicsincluding:broadbandaccesstechnologies,3Gand4G
systems, and short-range communications, with a focus on ultra-wideband (UWB)
technologies, error correction codes.