ERIC ED610427: Working from Home vs Learning from Home: A Critical Investigation and Analysis during the COVID-19

2020·0.23 MB·English

by  ERIC

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies

12(3): 23-29, 2020; Article no.AJESS.61904
ISSN: 2581-6268

Working from Home vs Learning from Home:
A Critical Investigation and Analysis during the
COVID-19

Afzal Sayed Munna1* and Md. Sadeque Imam Shaikh2

1School of Business, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, London, United Kingdom.
2School of Computing, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, London, United Kingdom.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author ASM designed the study,
performed the statistical analysis, conducted the small-scale research, wrote the protocol and wrote
the first draft of the manuscript. Author MSIS contributed on the analyses of the study and also
assisted on the literature searches. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Article Information

DOI: 10.9734/AJESS/2020/v12i330312
Editor(s):
(1) Dr. Sara Marelli, Scientific Institute and University Hospital IRCCS San Raffaele Ville Turro, Italy.
(2) Dr. Velan Kunjuraman, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Malaysia.
(3) Dr. E. Seda Koc, Namık Kemal University, Turkey.
Reviewers:
(1) Rotariu Mariana, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ”Grigore T Popa”, Romania.
(2) Mrs. A. Uma Maheswari, Anna University, India.
(3) S. Hemamalini, Bharathidasan University, India.
Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/61904

Received 24 September 2020
Accepted 14 October 2020
Short Research Article
Published 10 November 2020

ABSTRACT

The article aimed to make a critical investigation and analysis on working from home vs learning
from home during the COVID-19. Small-scale research was conducted only targeting parents
(having at least one school going child) to capture the view of how they deem the concept of
working from home vs learning from home and whether there are any reservations among both
concepts. The findings from the 36 respondents’ feedback suggest that parents often prefer
working from home (wherever possible) but the same parent does not want their child to learn from
home. The research shows that most parents believe remote working leads to higher productivity
and leads to cost-effectiveness and remote learnings deteriorate creativity.

Keywords: Working from home; learning from home; work-life balance; quality of life; thinking
paradox.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

*Corresponding author: Email: [email protected];
Munna and Shaikh; AJESS, 12(3): 23-29, 2020;; AArrttiiccllee nnoo..AJESS.61904

1. INTRODUCTION and who successfully go on ttoo hhiigghheerr eedduuccaattiioonn
or into work [4].
TThhee ccoonncceepptt ooff wwoorrkkiinngg ffrroomm hhoommee iiss sslloowwllyy
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
ggrroowwiinngg aanndd hheeaaddiinngg ooff sstteeaamm ffoorr wwoorrkkeerrss ooff aallll

aaggeess.. TThheerree wwaass vvaarriioouuss rreesseeaarrcchh wwoorrkk ddoonnee iinn
TThhee aarrttiiccllee wwiillll ffooccuuss oonn ssttuuddyyiinngg tthhee hhuummaann mmiinndd
tthhiiss aarreeaa wwhhiicchh iiss nnoott vveerryy pprroommiissiinngg ccoonnssiiddeerriinngg
aanndd hhuummaann ppssyycchhoollooggyy lliitteerraattuurree ttoo eessttaabblliisshh tthhee
tthhee eemmppiirriiccaall eevviiddeennccee bbuutt ssttiillll bbeetttteerr tthhaann hhaavviinngg
rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn tthhiinnkkiinngg oorr ttoo aaddddrreessss iiff
nothing [1]. Over tthhee ppaasstt ffiivvee yyeeaarrss,, eevviiddeennccee
tthheerree iiss aannyy ddiiffffeerreennttiiaattiioonn iinn tthhiinnkkiinngg ccoonnssiiddeerriinngg
ffrroomm tthhee ssttuuddyy sshhoowwss tthhaatt UU..SS.. wwoorrkkeerrss wwoorrkkiinngg
the circumstances.
rreemmootteellyy ggrreeww 4444 ppeerrcceenntt ttoo aarroouunndd 44..77 mmiilllliioonn,,

aaccccoorrddiinngg ttoo rreesseeaarrcchh bbyy jjoobb bbooaarrdd FFlleexxjjoobbss..ccoomm 2.1 FFrreeuudd’’ss MMooddeell ooff HHuummaann MMiinndd
iinn ppaarrttnneerrsshhiipp wwiitthh GGlloobbaall WWoorrkkppllaaccee AAnnaallyyttiiccss..
GGaalllluupp rreesseeaarrcchh aallssoo eevviiddeenncceedd tthhaat around 43 The ppssyycchhooaannaallyyttiicc tthheeoorryy aanndd tthhee ssttuuddyy ooff
ppeerrcceenntt ooff eemmppllooyyeeeess wwoorrkkeedd rreemmootteellyy iinn ssoommee human psychology is a long-ssttaannddiinngg ccoonncceepptt
ccaappaacciittyy wwhhiicchh wwaass ccoonndduucctteedd bbeeffoorree tthhee wwhhiicchh wwaass ggaaiinniinngg ggrreeaatteerr aatttteennttiioonn aafftteerr tthhee 9900
COVID-1199 eeppiiddeemmiicc.. AA ssiimmiillaarr ssttuuddyy ccoonndduucctteedd ddeevveellooppeedd SSiiggmmuunndd FFrreeuudd''ss mmooddeell ooff tthhee hhuummaann
bbyy CCoonnddeeccoo SSooffttwwaarree ooff gglloobbaall bbuussiinneesssseess mmiinndd.. TThhee eesssseennccee ooff tthhee mmooddeell wwaass pprriimmaarriillyy
ssuurrvveeyyeedd tthhaatt aarroouunndd 4411 ppeerrcceenntt ooff tthhee evolving within the subject of psyycchhooppaatthhoollooggiieess
bbuussiinneesssseess aallrreeaaddyy ooffffeerreedd ssoommee ddeegree of aanndd aass aa rreessuulltt ooff mmeennttaall iillllnneessss wwiitthhiinn aa ssuubbjjeecctt..
rreemmoottee wwoorrkkiinngg aanndd tthheeyy aallssoo aarree pprreeddiiccttiinngg tthhaatt IInn hhiiss mmooddeell,, hhee ddeevveellooppeedd tthhrreeee mmaaiinn lleevveellss ooff
aarroouunndd 7733 ppeerrcceenntt ooff aallll tteeaammss wwiillll hhaavvee rreemmoottee awareness or consciousness [5].. TThhee mmooddeell iiss
workers by 2028 [2]. ddeeppiicctteedd wwiitthh tthhee iilllluussttrraattiioonn bbeellooww wwhhiicchh
iinnddiiccaatteess tthhee lleevveellss wwhhiicchh aarree ccoonnsscciioouuss,,
OOnn tthhee ootthheerr hhaanndd,, lleeaarrnniinngg ffrroomm hhoommee iiss ssuubbccoonnsscciioouuss,, aanndd uunnccoonnsscciioouuss.. IItt wwaass aallssoo
ccoonnssiiddeerreedd aass aa vveerryy ddiiffffeerreenntt,, wwoorrkkaabbllee,, aanndd eevviiddeenncceedd tthhaatt tthheessee eelleemmeennttss wwoorrkkiinngg ttooggeetthheerr
ssuucccceessssffuull aapppprrooaacchh ttoo lleeaarrnniinngg tthhaatt ssoommee can create the true reality ooff oouurr mmiinnddss..
ppaarreennttss aarree cchhoooossiinngg ffoorr tthheeiirr cchhiillddrreenn iinnsstteeaadd ooff
sscchhooooll.. LLeeaarrnniinngg ffrroomm hhoommee oorr hhoommeesscchhoooolliinngg iiss 2.2 Conscious Mind
ssiimmppllyy tthhee wwaayy ooff eedduuccaattiinngg cchhiillddrreenn bbyy ttaakkiinngg
tthhee ooppppoorrttuunniittyy ooff ffuullll rreessppoonnssiibbiilliittyy ffoorr tthheeiirr TThhee wwoorrdd ccoonnsscciioouussnneessss iiss bbeesstt ddeessccrriibbeedd aass tthhee
cchhiillddrreenn’’ss eedduuccaattiioonn wwiitthhoouutt sseennddiinngg tthheemm ttoo eevveenntt ooff aawwaarreenneessss aanndd bbeeiinngg aabbllee ttoo rreeccaallll iitt ttoo
school [3]. It useess rreessoouurrcceess ffrroomm vvaarriioouuss mind aanndd rreeccaalllliinngg iiss tthhee ssttaattee ooff tthhee hhuummaann’’ss
sources and an open-eennddeedd aanndd vvaarriiaabbllee mind of activities [6]].. TThheerree iiss aann eessttiimmaattiioonn tthhaatt
aapppprrooaacchh ttoo lleeaarrnniinngg tthhaatt iiss pprroovveenn ttoo ggiivvee oonnllyy 1100%% ooff tthhee mmiinndd''ss wwoorrkkss aarree mmaaddee uupp ooff
cchhiillddrreenn aa bbrrooaadd aanndd ddeeeepp eedduuccaattiioonn,, cc oo nn ss cc ii oo uu ss tthhoouugghhtt aanndd tthhee rreesstt aarree tthhee rraannddoomm
oofftteenn qquuiittee ddiiffffeerreenntt ffrroomm tthhaatt wwhhiicchh mmaannyy ooff eevveennttss ccrreeaatteedd bbyy tthhee mmiinndd.. TThhee ccoonnsscciioouuss mmiinndd
tthheemm wwoouulldd rreecceeiivvee iinn sscchhooooll.. IItt ggeenneerraallllyy serves as a scanner and iss bbaasseedd oonn tthhee
ddeevveellooppss cchhiillddrreenn wwhhoo aarree eexxttrreemmeellyy iimm pp oorrttaannccee ooff tthhee eevveenntt iitt ssttoorreess eeiitthheerr iinn tthhee
motivated, self-ccoonnffiiddeenntt,, ssoocciiaabbllee,, aanndd uunnccoonnsscciioouuss oorr tthhee ssuubbccoonnsscciioouuss aarreeaa ooff tthhee
iinntteelllliiggeenntt,, wwhhoo hhaavvee aa wwiiddee vvaarriieettyy ooff lliiffee sskkiillllss,, human mind.

FFiigg.. 11.. SSiiggmmuunndd FFrreeuudd''ss mmooddeell ooff tthhee hhuummaann mmiinndd aanndd uussaaggee
SSoouurrccee:: CCrreeaatteedd bbyy tthhee aauutthhoorr,, 22002200

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Munna and Shaikh; AJESS, 12(3): 23-29, 2020; Article no.AJESS.61904

2.3 Subconscious Mind has a long-standing history and thus requires
understanding the philosophical perspective.
According to [5], the subconscious mind is the Plato (427-347 BCE) saw the human soul as the
state of holding and the recent recall of any seat of personality. In his literature, he mentioned
memories including thoughts, behaviour patterns, three basic forces that guide human behaviour
habits, and feelings. Freud stated, "Thus the which is: reason, emotion, and appetite. Among
unconscious mind can be seen as the source of these three treasons has been given the highest
dreams and automatic thoughts (those that value and ranking as Plato believed that reason
appear without any apparent cause), the keeps the more primitive forces of appetite and
repository of forgotten memories (that may still emotion at bay. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) referred
be accessible to consciousness later time), and to the seat of personality as the psyche and his
the locus of implicit knowledge (the things that explanation of psyche was the product of
we have learned so well that we do them without biological processes. He saw the psyche as
thinking). including a set of faculties that he placed in a
hierarchy of importance. He also mentioned that
2.4 Unconscious Mind these faculties can also be found among plants
and animals. On the other hand, Rene Descartes

(1596-1650), a French philosopher explained
The unconscious mind is the state of mind that
human personality as the product of the
primarily holds memories and past experiences.
interaction of divide and primal forces [9]. In his
Some of these memories could have been
view, the essential force behind the personality is
developed through trauma designed as
the immortal soul, which is perfect, pure, and
automatic thoughts [7]. The illustration above
intangible.
depicted the deeper involvement of behaviours

and beliefs which sitting a layer deeper in the The current research was conducted to see if the
mind under the subconscious. It was evidenced variation on the decision choice and the
that although the subconscious and unconscious personality characteristics are the product of the
are directly related with almost similar things, still dual personality or not which is very much
unconscious mind is the cellar on compared to indicated from the study of Cartesian Dualism.
the others. The concept of Cartesian Dualism is the distinct
philosophical stands of two substances which
2.5 Personality Study and Theories include: matter and spirit or brain and mind.

2.6 Working from Home (WfH)
The study of social psychology, cognitive

psychology, and individual psychology all reveal The concept of working from home is a recent
the endeavour of how we behave and how our trend in international companies where they
behaviour circulates and is considered as the believe that it increases the healthy working life
factor to success. Despite our similarities, it is balance by allowing the flexible working hours to
hard to doubt that each of us on the planet is its employees. It was evidenced by various
uniquely distinct in our thinking process. company examples that, companies having
Personality psychology study is the only appropriate and high profiled technological
empirically tested measure to address and advancement are greatly benefited from allowing
identify the human differences. Personality its employees and have less constraint at work.
psychology is the only way that answers the The employees are having less stress, can save
most common questions for instance, why we on traveling, and spent more quality time on
differ from each other? How consistent these family responsibilities. The concept also can be
differences are? in what situation and along what used in various other names which include,
dimensions do we differ in concepts and or telework, telecommute, or flexible working these
perceptions? This concept and the developed all are initiated to improve employee productivity
theory were completely opposed by some and also attracted talented graduates to come
experts who defined the situationism. The and stay in the labour force. [10] stated that
concept of situationism defines that the flexible working often applied to the ICT
behaviour of a human differs not because of industries, but a recent study highlighted that
his/her personality traits but because they are the academics are also given the option to take
artifacts of various situations and the impact of lessons online including open and distance
human’s own social, cultural, and environmental education programs in the higher education
surroundings [8]. The study of human psychology institutions [11].

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Munna and Shaikh; AJESS, 12(3): 23-29, 2020; Article no.AJESS.61904

On the other hand, the most recent study personality, quality, adaptation, to the learning
conducted by the American Time Use Survey by situation, and the creation of course materials
the Bureau of Labour Statistics indicated that affect the learning-teaching performance which is
around 57% of employees are working under a quite different in the online/e-learning situation
flexible schedule, 29% of people are allowed to [18].
work from home and approximately 25% people
3. METHODOLOGY
often worked on a flexible working schedule [12].

Owl Labs researched in 2019 and the State of
The research used a mixed method combining
Remote Work report indicated that some
qualitative and quantitative research methods.
employees are even ready to accept a pay cut to
Data was collected during the UK lockdown
consider flexible working. According to the report,
period May-June 2020 using 3 open-ended and 2
34% of workers would be willing to take a 5%
close-ended questions. The research aimed at
cut; 24% would take a 10% cut, and 20% would
very small-scale respondents selected carefully
take a cut larger than 10%. The study also
from the working colleagues in various industries,
emphasized on the reason why peoples’ are
specially targeted parents (having at least one
interested working from home despite the pay cut
school going child). There were 5 questions
and study revealed that 91% believe working
relating to the concept of working from home and
from home will increase their better work-life
learning from home which was carefully designed
balance, 79% believes it will increase productivity
to capture the feeling of parents about their
by allowing better focus on tasks, 78% believe it
professional job vs their own children's learning
reduced the tress and 78% agrees as it will allow
from home perceptions. A total of 36 responses
them to avoid a commute to work [13].
were used in this current survey to analyze the

findings. The online data collection platform
2.7 Learning from Home (LfH)
Survey Monkey was used to collect the research
data. Data were organized and analyzed using
Likewise, many other subjects’ technological Microsoft Excel to formulate the tabulation and
study and the use of technology has increased in graphical presentation.
recent days. Technology has entered into our life
and especially in the life of education [14]. The 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
increased number of students, technological
There was a total of 36 responses collected
development, new learning theories, and
where all the respondents were asked the same
personal needs have led to the introduction of e-
5 questions. On the first question, the
learning and vis-à-vis learning from home [15]. E-
respondents were asked whether they prefer
learning has recently been very popular
support working from home or not. All 36
(especially considering the COVID-19 situation
respondents replied among which 69.44% of
and lockdown) and learning from home for the
respondents said they do support working from
children as they stayed out from the school and
home and 30.56% of respondents do not support
did home learning to keep them educationally
working from home. While some respondents
updated. Many schools in Britain have adopted
were asked whether they do support their
online teaching using various technological tools
children’s learning from home or not. 48.57% of
to keep their pupils updated and ahead on the
respondents agreed supporting learning from
crowd [16]. Most of the higher educational
home for their children and 51.43% disagreed
institutions also considered delivering their
and do not support learning from home.
regular programs online. While assessing the
However, 1 respondent has decided not to
importance of home learning with the parents it
respond.
was evidenced that parents agreed on flexible

learning (often referred to as e-learning and Analyzing the results of these two questions it is
home learning) because they think e-learning quite clear that parents prefer to work from home
has made education effective, it has been but when it comes to learning from home for their
considered as a motivation factor in terms of self- children, they do not feel comfortable. When
efficacy [17]. However, from the personal asked about the professions of the respondents
experience of teaching and learning, it was truly the research finds that equally 40% of the
evident that there are a lot of differences respondents are equally from the education and
between traditional and e-learning. In traditional telecommunications industry, construction,
learning, the teachers have full control of class advertising & marketing, and manufacturing and
management and the learning environment. In the healthcare sector also received equally
traditional learning, the teacher’s ability, 5.71% each.

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Munna and Shaikh; AJESS, 12(3): 23-29, 2020;; AArrttiiccllee nnoo..AJESS.61904

Fig. 2. GGrraapphhiicc pprreesseennttaattiioonn ooff wwoorrkkiinngg ffrroomm hhoommee

FFiigg.. 33.. GGrraapphhiicc pprreesseennttaattiioonn lleeaarrnniinngg ffrroomm hhoommee

FFrroomm tthhee rreesstt ooff tthhee rreessppoonnddeennttss,, 88..5577%% wwaass bbeehhiinndd tthheeiirr cchhooiiccee mmoosstt ooff tthhee rreessppoonnddeennttss
ffrroomm ttrraannssppoorrttaattiioonn aanndd tthhee rreemmaaiinniinngg 2288..5599%% referred to the COVID-1199 ppaannddeemmiicc aass an
aarree ffrroomm vvaarriioouuss sseeccttoorrss iinncclluuddiinngg aaggrriiccuullttuurree,, eexxccuussee wwhhiicchh iiss oobbvviioouuss aanndd ttrruuee ttoo ssoommee eexxtteenntt
aauuttoommoottiivvee,, bbuussiinneessss ssuuppppoorrtt && llooggiissttiiccss,, ffoooodd && ffoolllloowwiinngg tthhee UUKK ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt lloocckkddoowwnn
bbeevveerraaggeess,, aanndd ffiinnaanncciiaall sseeccttoorrss.. IItt ccaann bbee rreessttrriiccttiioonnss.. HHoowweevveerr,, mmaannyy rreeffeerrrreedd ttoo
deemed that, the higher thee sskkiillll lleevveellss aarree ffoorr tthhee tthhee ssaaffeettyy aanndd sseeccuurriittyy mmeeaassuurreess wwhhiillee
pprrooffeessssiioonnaallss,, tthheeiirr ppeerrcceeppttiioonn ooff oo tt hh ee rr ss mm ee nn tt iioonneedd tthhaatt,, tthheeiirr cchhiillddrreenn lleeaarrnn aa
lleeaarrnniinngg ffrroomm hhoommee mmiigghhtt bbee ccoonnssiiddeerreedd aass better and mmoorree oorrggaanniizzeedd wwaayy iinn aa hhoommeellyy
positive and vice-vveerrssaa.. WWhheenn aasskkeedd tthhee rreeaassoonn environment.

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Munna and Shaikh; AJESS, 12(3): 23-29, 2020; Article no.AJESS.61904

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License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Peer-review history:
The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here:
http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/61904

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