ERIC ED527269: 38th Annual Survey Report on State-Sponsored Student Financial Aid, 2006-2007 Academic Year

2007·0.88 MB·English

by  ERIC

N
38th Annual Survey Report on
State-Sponsored Student Financial Aid

2006-2007
A
Academic Year

National Association of State
S Student Grant and Aid Programs

S
G
A
P
About NASSGAP
The National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs (NASSGAP) is dedicated to the
promotion, strengthening, encouragement, and enhancement of high standards in the administration and
operation of student grant and aid programs so that these programs shall be available to students in all
states to expand and further postsecondary educational opportunities. NASSGAP's membership is
drawn from single agencies in each state or territory which are responsible for state-funded student aid
programs.

NASSGAP serves as a forum for the development and exchange of information, ideas, policy positions,
procedures, and needs for student financial assistance for the benefit of member agencies and other
organizations. NASSGAP also acts as a collective voice of reasoned opinion before state, regional, and
national councils with respect to student financial aid programs whose objective is the furtherance of
postsecondary education in the United States, including grants, scholarships, loans, college work study,
and other forms of government-sponsored assistance to students.

NASSGAP works with other associations, councils, and agencies to design, implement, and operate
simplified student application procedures for student financial assistance and design a uniform method
of determining the ability of the family to pay costs of postsecondary education. NASSGAP conducts
research, publishes reports, holds conferences, and otherwise engages in activities which help existing
student aid programs to become more responsive to federal, regional, and state public policy goals and
objectives; encourages the development of new programs as the need arises; works toward the
prevention and elimination of fraud and abuse in student financial aid programs; and, provides a forum
for the development and exchange of information, ideas, policy positions, and procedures for student
financial assistance for the benefit of member agencies and other organizations.

About this Report

Each year, NASSGAP completes a survey regarding state-funded expenditures for postsecondary
student financial aid. This report, the 38th annual survey, represents data from academic year 2006-07.
Please note row and column data in tables may not add to row and column table totals throughout the
report due to rounding.

Electronic copies of this report, and reports from several previous years, are available in PDF format
free of charge at www.nassgap.org. Additional 2006-07 data, including tables not in this published
report, are also available at www.nassgap.org. Comments, suggestions, or questions concerning this
report may be directed to NASSGAP at 212.776.2599 or [email protected].

Cover photo of the old Louisiana capitol building courtesy of Louisiana Secretary of State, Jay Dardenne.
1
Executive Summary

As a percentage of the population, more people are enrolled in higher education now than twenty years ago,
even as the relative and absolute cost of the product higher education offers has increased dramatically. Higher
demand for a higher priced product puts the mission of state student financial aid agencies front and center.
Collectively states have more people than ever before asking for more assistance than ever before to deal with
higher expenses than ever before. The US economy continues to sputter and average working families look at
unbelievable jumps in the price of food, fuel, and the elements of everyday life. Cars cost more than houses
used to; and stable long-term employment with decent benefits has become a thing of the past. State funded
student financial aid, combined with Federal aid, institutional funds, and assistance from private sources, has
become the only way many students can reach for the brass ring of higher education. Education and
postsecondary skills training continue to promise a way to help those who wish to better their lives and the lives
of their children.

Data Highlights

• In the 2006-2007 academic year, the states awarded about $9.3 billion in total state funded student
financial aid, an increase of about 10 percent in nominal terms from the $8.5 billion in aid awarded in
2005-2006 and an increase of about 6 percent in constant dollar terms.

• The majority of state aid is in the form of grants. In 2006-2007, more than 3.7 million grant awards were
made representing about $7.6 billion in need and nonneed-based grant aid, an increase of about 8.5
percent from the $7 billion in grants awarded in 2005-2006. Of the grant funds awarded in 2006-07, 72
percent was need-based and 28 percent was nonneed-based, almost the same percentage as seen in 2005-
2006.

• Funding for undergraduate need-based grant aid increased $336 million nationwide from about $4.9
billion in 2005-2006 to almost $5.3 billion in 2006-2007, an increase of more than 7 percent.

• Nine states (California, Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and
Washington) collectively awarded more than $3.6 billion in undergraduate need-based grant aid,
accounting for about 69 percent of all aid of this type.

• States provided more than $1.7 billion in nongrant student aid, including loans, loan assumptions,
conditional grants, work-study, and tuition waivers. Loans and tuition waivers accounted for 70 percent
of nongrant funds awarded.

Forty-eight reporting entities identified state-funded undergraduate programs with awards based solely on need,
while 27 identified programs with awards based only on merit. Exclusively need-based aid constituted 49
percent of all aid to undergraduates, exclusively merit-based aid accounted for 20 percent, with the rest, 32
percent, accounted for by other programs and by programs with both need and merit components. The amount
of undergraduate aid awarded in 2006-2007 through programs with a merit component increased to about $2.76
billion. This compares to $4.07 billion awarded to undergraduates through programs based only on need.

South Carolina, Washington DC, Indiana, Georgia, and New York provided the greatest amount of grant aid on
a per capita basis and along with Kentucky and West Virginia were the largest providers of aid per capita for the
population between ages 18 and 24. South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, New York, and Tennessee provided
the most undergraduate grant dollars compared to undergraduate full time equivalent enrollment. South
Carolina, Indiana, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Vermont had the highest proportion of total expenditures for
state-funded grants compared to appropriations for higher education operating expenditures.
2
Undergraduate Grant Aid in Current and Constant 2006-07 Dollars:
1996-97 through 2006-07 (in millions of dollars)
Current Dollars Constant 2006-07 Dollars
Need-based Nonneed- Annual Need-based Nonneed- Annual
Year Grants based Grants Total Change Grants based Grants Total Change

1996-97 2,579.5 458.5 3,038.0 5.8% 3,343.7 594.4 3,938.0 2.9%
1997-98 2,761.2 551.8 3,313.0 9.1% 3,501.2 699.7 4,201.0 6.7%
1998-99 2,945.7 668.0 3,613.7 9.1% 3,675.8 833.6 4,509.4 7.3%
1999-00 3,136.4 872.9 4,009.3 10.9% 3,827.1 1,065.2 4,892.2 8.5%
2000-01 3,515.7 1,089.7 4,605.4 14.9% 4,148.5 1,285.8 5,434.3 11.1%
2001-02 3,826.0 1,208.6 5,034.6 9.3% 4,395.1 1,388.4 5,783.5 6.4%
2002-03 3,966.9 1,202.8 5,169.7 2.7% 4,476.2 1,357.3 5,833.5 0.9%
2003-04 4,257.4 1,462.5 5,719.9 10.6% 4,702.5 1,615.4 6,317.9 8.3%
2004-05 4,703.3 1,738.4 6,441.7 12.6% 5,060.7 1,870.5 6,931.2 9.7%
2005-06 4,926.6 1,896.5 6,823.1 5.9% 5,114.7 1,968.9 7,083.7 2.2%
2006-07 5,293.1 2,079.9 7,373.0 8.1% 5,293.1 2,079.9 7,373.0 4.1%
Constant dollars provide a method of comparing expenditures across years and adjusting for the effect of inflation. Constant
dollars were calculated using the academic year correction of the Consumer Price Index, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) from
the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Undergraduate Grant Aid in Constant 2006-07 Dollars: 1996-97 through
2006-07 (in millions of dollars)
$8, 000

$7,000
Nonneed-based

$6,000 Grants

$5,000

$4,000

$3,000 Need-based

Grants

$2,000

$1,000

$0
1996-97 2006-07
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te: 2006- Michigan nnesota Wisconsin Iowa Illinois Missouri Arkansas Mississippi Louisiana Mor $75 $25
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al 16 87 41 44 99 62 98 79 62 26 08 50 62 04 35 98 99 14 56 40 49 52 66 05 02 63 88 04
Tot 0.1 0.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 2.0 2.1 4.6 3.9 6.7 0.4 5.7 6.7 1.8 5.5 6.4 4.3 2.0 5.5 8.0 3.6 0.2 3.0 2.6 9.8 4.5 0.3 1.0
1 1 3 6 7 4 1 9 8 4 3 5 1 8 2 1 9 8 1 6 2 5 1 4
7 4 4 4 3 1 1 2 1
orized - - - - 0.391 1.382 0.481 0.730 9.735 5.997 - - - 1.567 - - - - - 1.478 - - - - - - - -
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u 7 5 2 2 0 3 7 4 2 7 4 7 3 2 5 4 3 3 5 0 6 2 9 5 7 5 3 3
ad 8. 0. 3. 0. 3. 7. 1. 3. 4. 0. 0. 5. 4. 0. 5. 6. 4. 0. 5. 5. 3. 6. 2. 2. 9. 4. 0. 8.
gr 1 3 76 6 4 1 48 48 44 20 5 1 18 12 1 9 8 20 16 2 5 1 3
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rs): 2 Program No ndergradu 2.9 8.2 9.1 0.0 3.3 349.8 479.4 4.7 25.5 8.8 0.1 93.3 118.8 4.3 117.5 0.0 20.1 34.7 25.3
olla rant ed U - - - - 91 82 - - 75 - - - - 67 - - - - - 78 - - - - - - - -
of d er G egoriz 0.3 1.3 7.9 131.5 1.4
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milli based aduate 0.045 - 0.010 - - 3.380 - - - - - - 0.050 - - - - - - 1.327 - 4.010 0.147 - - - - 0.102
te (in Need- Grraduate 3.741 - 10.376 18.276 - 9.357 32.458 8.499 12.912 - - 0.261 35.577 27.979 3.883 1.352 31.406 - - 30.189 57.458 51.672 6.744 0.898 9.552 2.382 - 0.265
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rant Aid A rimary Need-bGrant Progra aduate Graduate 2.119 - 0.587 - 2.855 - 3.728 - 3.008 - 8.800 - 9.257 - 1.674 0.323 1.417 - 1.313 - 0.408 - 0.711 - 3.193 - 3.394 - 1.652 - 5.026 - 9.610 - 1.452 - 5.556 - 0.541 - 6.191 - 7.030 - 6.096 - 1.516 - 5.498 - 2.182 - 0.388 - 2.697 2.549
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1. s
Table State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusett Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada
5
7 5 4 7 5 8 9 7 3 8 5 1 6 0 8 6 1 3 6 7 6 3 8 3 6
2 1 9 3 1 3 3 9 8 7 5 2 8 4 8 1 7 4 4 5 6 2 0 6 1
7 6 2 9 2 2 9 1 3 5 4 0 2 1 8 9 4 3 4 9 6 0 8 1 0
3. 0. 1. 4. 9. 2. 5. 6. 3. 8. 9. 3. 3. 2. 4. 0. 9. 8. 2. 4. 3. 8. 3. 0. 3.
8 7 6 2 5 6 3 6 3 1 7 3 1 1 7 8 3 7 9 4
2 8 2 2 4 2 2 4 1 1 6
- - - - 109 - - 079 - 339 - - - - 601 023 895 882 406 - - - - - 095 7, TGC).
4. 0. 10. 3. 3. 0. 0. 2. 177. s. 37 76 00 n (SC
e 910 o
ur 0,3,0, si
New Hampshire 3.178 - - 0.540 - - 0.009 - - 3.727 - New Jersey 217.907 - - 30.586 1.396 - 30.726 - - 279.219 1.396 New Mexico 12.252 0.001 - 10.240 0.578 - 48.027 0.198 - 70.518 0.777 New York 827.920 3.270 - 12.504 - - 21.024 0.219 - 861.448 3.489 North Carolina 132.445 - - 31.205 2.368 4.109 57.982 1.105 - 221.632 3.473 North Dakota 1.886 - - - - - 0.353 - - 2.238 - Ohio 49.482 - - 128.077 - - 78.034 0.346 - 255.593 0.346 Oklahoma 19.860 - - 36.328 - - 9.886 0.043 0.079 66.075 0.043 Oregon 33.072 - - 0.046 - - 0.265 - - 33.383 - Pennsylvania 452.928 - - 5.053 - 10.339 - 0.258 - 457.980 0.258 Puerto Rico 19.921 - - 13.523 6.010 - - - - 33.444 6.010 Rhode Island 13.021 - - - - - - - - 13.021 - South Carolina 50.320 - - - - - 220.919 2.048 - 271.239 2.048 South Dakota - - - - - - 2.140 - - 2.140 - Tennessee 34.782 - - 23.180 - - 173.325 - 3.601 231.287 - Texas 175.072 - - 199.658 33.163 3.023 - - - 374.730 33.163 Utah 4.146 - - 3.212 0.010 - 1.208 - 0.895 8.566 0.010 Vermont 15.899 0.267 - 1.290 0.004 0.786 - - 0.096 17.189 0.271 Virginia 53.547 - - 48.215 0.937 - 47.534 19.807 2.406 149.296 20.744 Washington 167.098 - - 14.712 0.015 - 3.133 - - 184.942 0.015 Washington, DC 4.399 - - - - - 29.267 - - 33.666 - West Virginia 27.434 - - 4.243 - - 46.205 0.140 - 77.883 0.140 Wisconsin 83.166 - - 7.469 0.006 - 3.167 - - 93.802 0.006 Wyoming 0.163 - - - - - - - - 0.163 - Total 4,367.796 6.410 - 925.316 53.558 161.051 2,079.939 32.902 16.045 7,373.051 92.869 Federal LEAP (Leveraging Education Assistance Partnership) and SLEAP (Special Leveraging Education Assistance Partnership) funds are included in individual state figPrimary need-based grant programs are designated by individual states Data for several states include programs entirely or partially funded by student tuition revenue. These programs and the student funded amount include: Arizona Financial Aid Trust $ 4,012,500 Texas Student Deposit Scholarships $ 1,46 Connecticut Tuition Set Aside $ 58,843,012 Texas Texas Public Education Grant $129,29 Nevada Student Access Grants $ 10,989,910West Virginia Higher Education Grant Program $ 1,80 South Carolina figures represent the combined reporting of the South Carolina Commission on Higher Education (SCCHE) and the South Carolina Tuition Grants CommisColorado, Massachusetts, and New Mexico data are partially estimated based on incomplete reporting and previous year figures.
6
Table 2. Total Nongrant Aid Awarded, by State and Type of Aid
(in millions of dollars): 2006-07
Loan
Assumption/ Conditional Work- Tuition
State Loan Forgiveness Grant Study Waiver Other Total

Alabama - - 0.177 - - - 0.177
Alaska 75.817 1.370 0.873 - - - 78.060
Arizona - - 1.985 - - - 1.985
Arkansas - 2.875 - - 0.302 0.498 3.675
California - 36.656 - - - - 36.656
Colorado - - - 13.219 - - 13.219
Connecticut - - - - 58.843 - 58.843
Delaware 0.037 - 0.483 - - 0.187 0.707
Florida - 2.349 - 0.745 - 97.973 101.067
Georgia - 0.663 9.513 - - 2.094 12.270
Hawaii - - - - 24.767 - 24.767
Idaho - 0.169 - 1.345 0.057 0.367 1.937
Illinois - 0.485 7.163 - - - 7.648
Indiana - - 0.944 0.349 0.378 17.077 18.747
Iowa - 2.083 - - 3.967 - 6.050
Kansas - 0.729 2.386 1.118 - - 4.233
Kentucky - - 4.821 0.809 - - 5.630
Louisiana - - 0.060 - - - 0.060
Maine - 2.583 0.357 - - 0.385 3.325
Maryland - 3.207 6.499 - - - 9.706
Massachusetts 4.146 - 4.868 - 24.481 0.033 33.528
Michigan 76.431 - 4.257 6.931 17.600 - 105.220
Minnesota 135.310 - - 14.768 - - 150.079
Mississippi - - 8.072 - - - 8.072
Missouri - - - - - 11.352 11.352
Montana 0.150 - - 0.808 - - 0.958
Nebraska - - - - 74.947 - 74.947
Nevada - - - 1.776 11.280 1.265 14.322
New Hampshire - 0.119 - - - 0.220 0.339
New Jersey 237.346 0.040 0.312 - - 0.700 238.398
New Mexico - 3.185 0.490 14.295 - - 17.970
New York - 3.414 2.420 - - 76.780 82.614
North Carolina - - 27.650 - 39.539 - 67.189
North Dakota - 0.450 - - - - 0.450
Ohio - 0.326 - - 0.235 - 0.562
Oklahoma - - - - 100.237 - 100.237
Oregon - 0.369 - - 34.932 0.105 35.407
Pennsylvania - 3.667 19.380 13.134 - - 36.181
Puerto Rico - - - - - - -
Rhode Island - - - - - - -
South Carolina - 0.480 - - - - 0.480
South Dakota - - 0.479 - - - 0.479
Tennessee - 1.278 - - - - 1.278
Texas 122.817 6.309 - 6.057 15.786 - 150.969
Utah - 0.543 - - 45.194 - 45.737
Vermont - - 0.230 - - 0.112 0.342
Virginia - - 3.289 - 79.752 0.195 83.236
Washington - 2.354 1.807 25.040 - - 29.201
Washington, DC - - - - - - -
West Virginia - 1.356 0.804 - 16.438 - 18.598
Wisconsin 0.896 - - - - 6.807 7.703
Wyoming - - - - - - -

Total 652.950 77.060 109.319 100.392 548.735 216.151 1,704.607
7
Table 3. Total Aid Awarded, by State (in millions of dollars): 2006-07
Need-based Grant Nonneed-based
State Aid Grant Aid Nongrant Aid Total

Alabama 5.905 4.212 0.177 10.293
Alaska 0.587 - 78.060 78.646
Arizona 13.241 - 1.985 15.226
Arkansas 22.003 11.240 3.675 36.918
California 763.399 - 36.656 800.055
Colorado 62.919 9.143 13.219 85.281
Connecticut 41.716 0.482 58.843 101.041
Delaware 10.496 4.182 0.707 15.386
Florida 142.304 351.658 101.067 595.029
Georgia 1.313 485.413 12.270 498.997
Hawaii 0.408 - 24.767 25.175
Idaho 0.972 4.778 1.937 7.687
Illinois 418.820 27.943 7.648 454.410
Indiana 322.940 8.864 18.747 350.551
Iowa 55.535 - 6.050 61.585
Kansas 16.379 0.119 4.233 20.730
Kentucky 91.016 93.384 5.630 190.029
Louisiana 1.452 120.563 0.060 122.074
Maine 15.556 - 3.325 18.881
Maryland 93.536 4.504 9.706 107.745
Massachusetts 83.649 - 33.528 117.177
Michigan 92.713 117.540 105.220 315.472
Minnesota 162.987 0.079 150.079 313.145
Mississippi 2.414 20.191 8.072 30.678
Missouri 25.050 34.752 11.352 71.154
Montana 4.563 - 0.958 5.521
Nebraska 10.388 - 74.947 85.335
Nevada 15.612 25.392 14.322 55.326
New Hampshire 3.718 0.009 0.339 4.066
New Jersey 249.889 30.726 238.398 519.013
New Mexico 23.069 48.225 17.970 89.265
New York 843.694 21.243 82.614 947.551
North Carolina 170.127 59.087 67.189 296.404
North Dakota 1.886 0.353 0.450 2.688
Ohio 177.559 78.380 0.562 256.501
Oklahoma 56.188 10.009 100.237 166.434
Oregon 33.118 0.265 35.407 68.790
Pennsylvania 468.319 0.258 36.181 504.758
Puerto Rico 39.455 - - 39.455
Rhode Island 13.021 - - 13.021
South Carolina 50.320 222.966 0.480 273.767
South Dakota - 2.140 0.479 2.618
Tennessee 57.962 176.926 1.278 236.166
Texas 410.916 - 150.969 561.885
Utah 7.368 2.103 45.737 55.208
Vermont 18.247 0.096 0.342 18.685
Virginia 102.699 69.747 83.236 255.682
Washington 181.824 3.133 29.201 214.158
Washington, DC 4.399 29.267 - 33.666
West Virginia 31.677 46.345 18.598 96.620
Wisconsin 90.641 3.167 7.703 101.511
Wyoming 0.163 - - 0.163

Total 5,514.131 2,128.885 1,704.607 9,347.623
8
Table 4. Need-based Grant Aid Awarded, by State (in millions of dollars):
1996-97, 2001-02, 2005-06, 2006-07
1-year 5-year 10-year
Change Change Change
(2005-06 to (2001-02 to (1996-97 to
State 1996-97 2001-2002 2005-06 2006-07 2006-07) 2006-07) 2006-07)

Alabama 1.984 1.874 5.281 5.905 11.8% 215.1% 197.6%
Alaska 0.213 - 0.502 0.587 16.9% - 175.4%
Arizona 2.751 2.812 2.808 13.241 371.5% 370.9% 381.3%
Arkansas 12.569 29.006 20.868 22.003 5.4% -24.1% 75.1%
California 259.660 514.371 758.181 763.399 0.7% 48.4% 194.0%
Colorado 29.248 49.557 55.116 62.919 14.2% 27.0% 115.1%
Connecticut 20.297 44.820 39.038 41.716 6.9% -6.9% 105.5%
Delaware 1.234 1.474 10.164 10.496 3.3% 612.1% 750.6%
Florida 33.860 75.656 107.849 142.304 31.9% 88.1% 320.3%
Georgia 2.165 1.540 1.401 1.313 -6.3% -14.7% -39.4%
Hawaii 0.379 0.531 0.410 0.408 -0.5% -23.1% 7.7%
Idaho 0.724 0.855 0.964 0.972 0.9% 13.7% 34.3%
Illinois 272.898 385.138 355.417 418.820 17.8% 8.7% 53.5%
Indiana 77.834 114.733 281.069 322.940 14.9% 181.5% 314.9%
Iowa 41.938 51.191 53.446 55.535 3.9% 8.5% 32.4%
Kansas 10.171 12.974 15.047 16.379 8.8% 26.2% 61.0%
Kentucky 28.902 48.322 82.611 91.016 10.2% 88.4% 214.9%
Louisiana 7.172 1.452 1.453 1.452 -0.1% 0.0% -79.8%
Maine 6.636 12.416 13.387 15.556 16.2% 25.3% 134.4%
Maryland 36.634 46.281 78.125 93.536 19.7% 102.1% 155.3%
Massachusetts 57.413 110.711 80.081 83.649 4.5% -24.4% 45.7%
Michigan 90.988 110.037 90.377 92.713 2.6% -15.7% 1.9%
Minnesota 92.707 130.370 130.921 162.987 24.5% 25.0% 75.8%
Mississippi 0.540 1.489 2.215 2.414 9.0% 62.1% 347.1%
Missouri 13.681 27.847 25.632 25.050 -2.3% -10.0% 83.1%
Montana 0.314 2.810 3.589 4.563 27.1% 62.4% 1,353.3%
Nebraska 3.211 7.380 9.918 10.388 4.7% 40.8% 223.5%
Nevada 4.287 7.473 13.482 15.612 15.8% 108.9% 264.2%
New Hampshire 0.669 3.066 3.745 3.718 -0.7% 21.3% 455.7%
New Jersey 152.458 187.756 224.924 249.889 11.1% 33.1% 63.9%
New Mexico 14.879 20.037 21.781 23.069 5.9% 15.1% 55.0%
New York 633.411 687.042 877.797 843.694 -3.9% 22.8% 33.2%
North Carolina 18.865 74.170 142.993 170.127 19.0% 129.4% 801.8%
North Dakota 2.202 1.402 1.492 1.886 26.4% 34.5% -14.4%
Ohio 86.770 112.264 159.551 177.559 11.3% 58.2% 104.6%
Oklahoma 16.517 24.122 47.742 56.188 17.7% 132.9% 240.2%
Oregon 16.241 19.866 29.361 33.118 12.8% 66.7% 103.9%
Pennsylvania 240.459 337.014 412.340 468.319 13.6% 39.0% 94.8%
Puerto Rico 23.824 40.204 39.350 39.455 0.3% -1.9% 65.6%
Rhode Island 5.699 6.077 12.883 13.021 1.1% 114.3% 128.5%
South Carolina 21.540 34.971 46.311 50.320 8.7% 43.9% 133.6%
South Dakota 0.346 - - - - - -
Tennessee 18.652 37.320 51.270 57.962 13.1% 55.3% 210.8%
Texas 47.549 210.214 399.506 410.916 2.9% 95.5% 764.2%
Utah 2.170 4.155 6.604 7.368 11.6% 77.3% 239.5%
Vermont 11.457 15.858 18.479 18.247 -1.3% 15.1% 59.3%
Virginia 59.025 71.732 90.458 102.699 13.5% 43.2% 74.0%
Washington 58.149 101.258 167.346 181.824 8.7% 79.6% 212.7%
Washington, DC 1.007 1.321 3.320 4.399 32.5% 233.0% 336.8%
West Virginia 10.527 21.054 24.721 31.677 28.1% 50.5% 200.9%
Wisconsin 49.008 62.124 90.436 90.641 0.2% 45.9% 85.0%
Wyoming 0.160 0.163 0.163 0.163 -0.1% -0.1% 1.7%

Total 2,601.994 3,866.310 5,111.924 5,514.131 7.9% 42.6% 111.9%
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