ERIC ED401726: Notes on Linguistics, 1996.

240 Pages·1996·3 MB·English

by  ERIC

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FL 024 212
ED 401 726
Payne, David, Ed.
AUTHOR
TITLE
Notes on Linguistics, 1996.
Summer Inst. of Linguistics, Dallas, Tex.
INSTITUTION
REPORT NO
ISSN-0736-0673
PUB DATE
96
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Notes on Linguistics; n72-75 1996
JOURNAL CIT
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Book Reviews; Computer Software; Conferences;
DESCRIPTORS
Dialects; Doctoral Dissertations; Group Activities;
*Language Patterns; *Language Research; *Linguistic
Theory; Native Speakers; Phonology; Professional
Associations; Publications; Research Methodology;
*Syntax; Textbooks; Tone Languages; Workshops
'Binding Theory
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
The four 1996 issues of this journal contain the
following articles: "Sketch of Autosegmental Tonology" (H. Andrew
Black); "System Relationships in Assessing Dialect Intelligibility"
(Margaret Milliken, Stuart Milliken); "A Step-by-Step Introduction to
Government and Binding Theory of Syntax" (Cheryl A. Black);
"Participatory Research in Linguistics" (Constance Kutsch Lojenga);
"Introduction to Government and Binding Theory II" (Cheryl A. Black);
What To Do with CECIL?" (Joan Baart); "WINCECIL" (Jerold A.
Edmondson); "Introduction to Government and Binding Theory III"
(Cheryl A. Black); and "Mainland Southeast Asia: A Unique Linguistic
Area" (Brian Migliazza). Each issue also contains notes from the SIL
Linguistics Department coordinator, a number of reports on
linguistics association conferences around the world, book and
materials reviews, and professional announcements. (MSE)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
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Notes on Linguistics
Number 72
February 1996
Number 73
May 1996
Number 74
August 1996
Number 75
November 1996
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NOTES ON
LINGUISTICS
February 1996
NUMBER 72
CONTENTS
David Payne
3
FROM THE LINGUISTICS COORDINATOR
ARTICLES
H. Andrew Black
5
SKETCH OF AUTOSEGMENTAL TONOLOGY
SYSTEM RELATIONSHIPS IN ASSESSING DIALECT
Margaret Milliken and Stuart Milliken
15
INTF1 IJGIBILJTY
REPORTS
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEW GUINEA
32
Les Bruce
LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS
Beaumont Brush
33
INTERNATIONAL COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS CONF.
MEXICO BRANCH POPULAR GRAMMAR
35
Barbara E. Hollenbach
WORKSHOP
INTERNATIONAL CONE. ON LINGUISTICS and
39
Shin Ja Hwang
LJNGUISTIC ASSOC. OF THE SOUTHWEST
COLLOQUIUM ON AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND
44
Mary Pearce
LINGUISTICS
45
David Tuggy
LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA SUMMER INST.
REVIEWS
49
Britten ArsjO
REPORTS FROM UPPSALA UNIVERSITY LINGUISTICS
52
Freddy Boswell
KWAMERA by Lamont Lindstrom and John Lynch
52
C. John Fletcher
WARRWA by William McGregor
R. J. Sim
55
FORMAL SEMANTICS: AN INTRODUCTION by Ronnie Cann
ANNOUNCEMENTS
57
BOOKS FOR REVIEW
4
CONGRATULATIONS
59
GENERAL CARLA CONFERENCE
31
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LITERARY SEMANTICS CONE
48
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS
7500 W. CAMP WISDOM ROAD
DALLAS, TEXAS
NOTES ON LINGUISTICS
David Payne
EDITOR, INT'', LINGUISTICS COORDINATOR
Alan S. Kaye
CONSULTING EDITOR
Betty Philpott
FORMAT EDITOR
INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTICS ADVISORS
U. of Hawaii, r
Howard P. McKaughan
.Michigan.State. U
Ruth Brand
Southern Illinois U., r
Dinh Has Nguyen
U. of North Dakota
John Crawford
U. of New Mexico
Stanford U., r.
John Oiler
Charles A. Ferguson
Australian National U.
Rhodes U
A. K. Pawley
Derek Fivaz
U of California, Berkeley
Richard Rhodes
Central Michigan U
Peter Fries
Australian National U
Malcohn Ross
U. of Oregon
T. Givdn
U of Toronto
William J. Samarin
Stanford U
Shirley Brice Heath
N.RC. on Tibetology, Betting
Hu Tan
U of Tokyo
Yoshrlulto Oregami
U ofArisona
U of Kansas
Rudolph Trodce
Frances Ingernann
Carnegie Mellen U.
UCLA.
Richard Tucker
Peter Ladefoged.
U ofLeiden
John Verhaar
Rice U.
Sydney Lamb
U of Hamburg
Ekkehard Wolff
U of Texas, Austin
W. P. Lehmann.
INTERNATIONAL LINGUISTICS CONSULTANTS
U. of Oregon
Thomas Payne
Asia
UK
Kenneth J. Gregerson
John Bendor-Samuel
Mexico
Vehna Pickett
Hawaii
Joseph E. Grimes
Mexico
Andy Black
Dallas
South Asia Eunice Pike
Austin Hale
.Burkina Faso
Regina Blass
Dallas
Dallas
Evelyn G. Pace
Dallas
Lou Hohulin
Leslie Bruce
Warhaw
Richard S. Pittman
Colombia
Stephen H. Levinsohn
U.T., Arlington
Donald A. Butquest
Dallas
Dallas
Gary Simons
Shako
Robert Longacre
Eugene Cased
Cameroon
Keith Snider
U.K.
Asia
Ivan Lowe
Ross Caughley
North America
David Thomas
Mexico
Dallas
Steve Marlett
Desmond Derbyshire
Peru
David Weber
Waxhaw
U of Pittsburgh
Mike Maxwell
Daniel Everett
East Africa
Klaus Wedekind
Dallas
Kenneth McElhanon
Dallas
Karl Franklin
SSA?, Togo
Ursula Wiesernann.
U of Oregon
Doris Payne
Alberta
Donald Frantz
Pent
Mary Ruth Wise
SPSIL
Warren Glover
Kenneth L. Pike
SIL President Emeritus
Frank Robbins
SIL President
Steve Sheldon
ML Executive Director
George Hurter
SIL VP for Academic Affairs
Permission is hereby granted by this journal to reproduce material from this issue, if readers
NOTES FOR READERS
obtain similar permission directly from its authors and if credit is given the authors and Notes on Linguistics.
Notes on Linguistics is a quarterly publication (February, May, August, November) of the
NOTES FOR SUBSCRIBERS
Linguistics Department of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc., designed to share information of practical, theoretical,
is specifically intended to provide linguistic field workers with news, reviews,
administrative, or general interest
It
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NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS
Internet
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Linguistics.
ISSN 0736-0673
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Notes from the Linguistics Coordinator
Participation in upcoming Linguistic Conferences
The SIL Linguistics Department at Dallas often gets queries as to whether
we know what Sit members will be at some upcoming linguistics
It is usually the
conference, things like LSA, ACAL, SEALS, SSILA, etc.
case that the only ones we are aware of are those who have applied for
travel assistance from the PMTF (Professional Meetings Travel Fund). SIL
members and other associates often find it advantageous to room together at
a considerable savings in lodging costs, or other similar arrangements (e.g.
taxis, rental cars), or in some cases just want to be aware of who else they
might want to make contact with. Because of this interest, the Linguistics
Department is quite willing to serve as a clearing house for information on
which members plan to participate in which conferences.
Send such
information to:
[email protected]
New International Linguistics Consultants
In recent months several new SR, International Linguistics Consultants
have been appointed.
We appreciate their willingness to serve the
organization in this capacity and look forward to their counsel.
Eugene Casad (Mexico Branch). Eugene has long been a leader and
innovator in SIL in the area of language surveys and
intelligibility issues. He is also one of SIL's leading linguists
in the field of Cognitive Linguistics.
Steve Mar lett (Mexico Branch). Steve has contributed significantly
in the field of Relational Grammar and current phonological
theory. He headed the task force that planned SIL's `ATFAR'
He also is
initiative (Advanced Training in Field Areas).
Director of the North Dakota SIL school.
Mike Maxwell (Academic Computing, previously Colombia
In Colombia Mike was involved in academic
Branch).
More recently he has
production and linguistic consulting.
been involved in the development of computer tools for
Mike serves as the representative from the
linguistics.
-3-
Notes on Linguistics 72 (1996)
4
Linguistics Department on a guidance team advising on the
development of Acoustic Phonetics 'speech analysis' tools.
Doris is on the linguistics
Doris Payne (University of Oregon).
faculty of the University of Oregon, and regularly teaches at
In these contexts as well as in doing
the Oregon SIL.
linguistic research in South America and Africa, Doris has
consulted SIL teams from various entities.
Keith Snider (Cameroon Branch). Keith has contributed particularly
in the area of current approaches to tone.
He has consulted
SIL teams in several entities of Africa and co-edited a major
publication in that field.
LSA Summer Institute
In this issue of Notes on Linguistics is a report from Dave Tuggy on his
participation at the 1995 Summer Institute of the Linguistic Society of
America in Albuquerque. Dave and Dan Frantz were recipients of a full
tuition fellowship sponsored jointly by SIL and the LSA. These fellowships
are sponsored every two years, with the recipients being selected by the
school directors of the US SIL Schools (NDSIL, ORSIL and TXSIL).
Anyone interested (the next one is 1997) should contact one of the School
Directors or the International Linguistics Coordinator.
David Payne
Congratulations to the following SIL member recently completing the
PhD degree in Linguistics:
Dr. Bill Staley (Papua New Guinea Branch)
University of Oregon 1995.
6
Sketch of Autosegmental Tonology
H. Andrew Black
Introduction. This provides a brief sketch of autosegmental tonology.
1.
The first section describes the basic concepts and the second section
delineates tone rule parameters. An appendix includes some other research
that has provided insight into tonal systems.
2. Basic Concepts.
2.1. Tones as autosegments. Traditionally, segments were viewed as fully
specified feature matrices.
t
a
p
k
(1)
i
+syl
+syl
-syl
-syl
-syl
+son
+son
-son
-son
-son
+voi
+voi
-voi -voi
-voi
+cont
-cont -cont +cont
-cont
+cor
-cor -cor -cor
-cor
-lab
-lab -lab
+lab
-lab
...
... ...
...
Initially, tone was also considered to be a feature within such feature
Since tone is not a property of most consonants and since tone
matrices.
rules needed to skip over intervening consonants, it seemed like such a
Tone was then viewed as an
representation for tone was not ideal.
Tones were
independent feature, an 'auto-segment' (Goldsmith 1976).
placed on their own independent tier and so could be local to each other on
that tier.
The tones are linked to the segmental tier via association lines as in (2).
The lines are drawn from a tone to what is called a tone bearing unit (TBU)
(typically shown as a vowel). There has been discussion as to whether the
TBU is actually a syllable, mora, or vowel.
(2)
H
L
a kpi
1
t
takpi
=
The following conventions and conditions have been posited as universals
(Goldsmith 1976, Pulleyblank 1986):
-5-
6
Notes on Linguistics 72 (1996)
Association Conventions:
(3)
Map a sequence of tones onto a sequence of TBUs
(a) from left to right
(b) in a one-to-one relation.
Well-formedness Condition:
Association lines do not cross.
Example (4) illustrates the association conventions. The H tone is associ-
ated with the first TBU and the L is associated with the second.
(4)
H L
H L
takpi
a kpi
t
takpi
=
This works well when all tones are fully specified.
If, however, one wishes
to treat a particular tone value as unspecified (and later filled in by default),
then the association conventions may no longer hold true. In (5), if H tones
are the default, then the L will incorrectly be associated to the first TBU.
(5)
L
L
takpi
takpi
=
*takpi
Rather, one must specify the precise TBU location for each tone listed in the
lexical entry.
The Well-formedness Condition disallows representations such as the one
in (6).
(6)
2.2. Register and contour tones and downstep. Register tones, of course,
are easily represented by this scheme.
Contour tones can also be
represented by allowing for more than one tone to associate with a TBU.
Thus a falling tone would have the representation as for the a and a rising
tone would have the representation as for the i in (7).
H. ANDREW BLACK: Sketch of autosegmental tonology
7
LH
H
L
(7)
k pi
t
a
=
talcpi
Tonal downstep can be viewed as a linked H tone preceded by a floating L
tone (Pulleyblank 1986).
OL H
(8)
k p i=
*tap'
t
a
Such floating L tones may arise as a by-product of a delinking rule. They
may remain floating, be deleted, or they may link to a neighboring TBU.
2.3. The OCP. When a word has two TBUs and both have the same tone
(e.g. takpi), there are two possible ways to represent the tones. Either there
are two identical tones, each independently linked to their respective TBU
(as in (9a)), or there is only one tone and this tone is linked to both of the
TBUs (as in (9b)).
(9)
a.
b.
a kpi
t
Kenstowicz (1994:322-323) shows that for Margi, the doubly linked
representation is correct.
The Obligatory Contour Principle or OCP as it is commonly called accounts
for selecting the multiple linked representation (it is originally due to Leben
1973):
(10)
The Obligatory Contour Principle:
Adjacent identical tones are banned from the lexical representation of a
morpheme.
The OCP has remained very controversial. It appears that it has great value
for some languages, capturing many good insights, but for other languages
it fails to provide helpful insightsin fact, it may be quite problematic. For
this reason, we may be wise to consider this a language-specific parameter.
Tone perturbations across word boundaries.
2.4.
In Peffoles Mixtec
(Daly 1991), when there is a sequence of two L (low) tones which are
separated only by M (mid) tones within a phonological phrase, the second L
8
Notes on Linguistics 72 (1996)
tone is deleted (11a). The second L tone is never deleted when there is an
intervening H (high) tone (11b). (M tones are orthographically unmarked.)
(11)
L
a.
L
iin
dii-ni-kwe-xi
kada-xi
iin
iin
L
ii n
dii-ni-kwe-xi
iin
kada-xi
iin
H
b.
L
L
I
I
kene- kwe-de
zehe
no change
Such cross-word perturbations are not uncommon
among tonal systems.
Perhaps more common is the situation where the tone of one word surfaces
on either a preceding or following word.
2.5. Tones and the morphological cycle. Some tone systems can best be
understood when the tones are assigned in a cyclic manner. Pulleyblank
(1986:68-69) cites an example from Tiv which shows the potential need for
tones to be added according to the morphological cycle:
L H
(12)
H
a.
[i]
b.
[yevese]
yevese
L H
H
[ii]
[y e v e
yev e se= *yevese
e]
s
L H
[iii]
[[y e v e
e] ]
=
s
'yevese
In (12a) the high tone of the root yevese 'flee' is linked via the universal
association conventions first (ii) followed by the addition of the general past
morpheme (iii) which consists solely of a L tone. A default rule assigns L
tones to the remaining two TBUs. In (12b) there is no cycle, so both the L
of the general past morpheme and the H of the root are associated via the
Universal Association Conventions. The result is incorrect.
3. Tone Rules. This section provides a brief taxonomy of tone rules.
It is
based on the work of Archangeli & Pulleyblank (1993) and Hyman (1990)
10