ERIC ED367806: 1984 Vocational Education Graduates in 1988. A Study Based on Federal Income Tax Data.

89 Pages·1993·1.7 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 367 806
CE 065 829
AUTHOR
Ghazalah, I. A.
1984 Vocaticaal Education Graduates in 1988. A Study
TITLE
Based on Federal Income Tax Data.
Ohio Univ., Athens.
INSTITUTION
SPONS AGENCY
Ohio State Dept. of Education, Columbus. Div. of
Vocational and Career Education.
PUB DATE
93
130p.; For related reports, see CE 065 827-828.
NOTE
PUB TYPE Research/Technical (143)
Statistical
Reports
Data (110)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS *Associate Degrees; Comparative Analysis; Educational
Status Comparison; Employment Patterns; *High School
Graduates; High Schools; *Income; *Outcomes of
Education; Postsecondary Education; Salary Wage
Differentials; State Surveys; Tables (Data); Taxes;
*Vocational Education; Vocational Followup
IDENTIFIERS
*Ohio
ABSTRACT
A 1988 study that examined the economic performance
of 22,091 graduates in 1984 of 14 vocational programs in Ohio used
federal income tax records. Twelve of the programs with 20,557
graduates were at the secondary level, and 2 with 1,534 graduates
were at the associate level. The incomes of vocational graduates were
compared to income of equivalent groups in the general population.
The study also investigated the geographic mobility of vocational
graduates since 1979. Results showed predominantly higher incomes for
vocational graduates than for the general population. The result
varied by vocational program, but the ratios were higher than 1 for
the 1979 Iraduates in all programs. The income advantage ranged from
5 to 85 .n.cent for graduates of secondary programs and from 12 to 68
percent for graduates of associate programs. (An executive summary
and 51 tables and diagrams are provided.)
(YLB)
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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
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factor in the
The economic performance of graduates of vocational programs is a primary
completed
evaluation of vocational education. This study evaluates the performance of students who
state-funded vocational job-training programs in Ohio.
federal income tax records. The data
The study uses an original source of information
Revenue Service from its Information Returns Master
were provided in batch form by the Internal
information.
File in full compliance with the strict requirements regarding disclosure of personal
of fourteen
This study examines the performance in 1988 of 22,091 graduates in 1984
level, and
vocational programs. Twelve of the programs with 20.557 graduates were at the secondary
college) level.
two with 1,534 graduates at the associate (second-year
population at
The incorizes of vocational graduates were compared to those in the general
location. Data on the equivalent
the same age bracket, educational achievement and geographical
Bureau of the Census. Current Population Survey
groups in the general population were based on
Counties and Incorporated Places.
and Survey and Regional Population and Per Capita Estimates for
udy indicate predominately higher incomes of vocational graduates than
The results of tit;
of schooling. i.e. 18-24
others in the general population who are of the same age bracket and years
Secondary Vocational graduates, and 25-34 years old and
years old and 4 years of high school for
1-3 years of college for Associate Vocational graduates.
in 1988 oE the average
The following tables and the corresponding graphs show the ratio
of the equivalent group. The
income earned by 1984 vocational graduates to the average income
higher than 1. The income
ratios for graduates of all secondary and associate programs are
and 12% and 68% for
advantage ranges from 5% to 85% for graduates of secondary programs
graduates of associate programs.
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1Ratios of Mean Income of 1984 Associate Vocational Graduates
to Mean Income of Equivalent Group in the General Population
(1988 Tax Year)
Vocational Graduates
Compared to Equivalent Group
Vocational Program
Percentage Advantage
Mean Income Ratio
68%
1.68
Health Occupations Education
12%
1.12
Technical Education
Associate Degree Programs
Technical Education
Health Occupations
+12%
+68%
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1984
Vocational Education
Graduates
i 7L 1988
31. Stu4 Based on
federal Income Tax Data
ng
I A. gruzzatak
211fewr cf Economics
Cgio 'University
Ohio University
Athens, Ohio 45701
1993
7
The research project reported herein was performed pursuant to agreement with the Ohio
Department of Education's Division of Vocational and Career Education. Contractors undertaking
such projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional
judgment in the conduct of the project. This research does not necessarily represent official positions
of the Ohio Department of Education.
Ted Sanders
Superintendent of Public Instruction
State of Ohio
9t is thc policy Of the Ohio Department of Education, Division of Voctonal and Career Education, that
educational activities, employment, programs, and services are offered without regard to race, color, national
origin, sex, religion, handicap, or age.
i
PREFACE
education by examining the economic
The purpose of this study is to evaluate vocational
this performance, the study uses an
performance of vocational graduates. In its measurement of
provided
federal income tax records. The Internal Revenue Service
original source of information
requirements for protection of personal
the data in batch form in full compliance with the strict
inform ation.
organizations for their assistance and
I am deeply indebted to many individuals and
At the Internal Revenue Service, Dr.
cooperation in the design and implementation of this study.
his gracious support and encouragement
Fritz Scheuren, Director, Statistics of Income Division lent
valuable coordination and advice.
to the research effort. Mr. Peter Sailer provided encouragement,
effectiveness and genuine
Ms. Dodie Riley was a source of insightfui advice, unfailing support,
organized and processed the data with
interest in the project. Ms. Cathy Katz and Mr. Ray Salen
ability and dedication.
Education, Ohio Department of
Dr. Darrell L. Parks, Director, Vocational and Career
project. Dr. G. James Pinchak,
Education gave his persistent and keen suppo:t to the research
judicious coordination and advice at
Associate Director, was a valuable source of encouragement,
different stages of the research.
and data processing. Mr.
Mr. David Sarchet served very ably in computer programming
research assistance. Ms. Elisha Nuzum
Matloob Piracha performed important data processing and
dcdicated research assistance. Ms. Shahida
and Ms. Catherine Kupec provided capable and
Wai Man Wong, Mr. Naiying Yu,
Abubakar, Ms. Sri A. Abubakar, Mr. Nanda J. Karanaganda, Ms.
data processing and research assistance.
Mr. Zhang Yu, and Ms. Xiu-Zhen Zhao performed effective
Mr. Rob Painter
genuine dedication.
Ms. Beth Marino did typing and graphics skillfully and with
design.-Mrs. Becky Huff performed the task of
provided valuable assistance including graphic map
ability, patience, and dedication.
processing, typing and related graphics. She did so with high
I. A. Ghazalah
Athens, Ohio
fi
9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LEI 11,R OF TRANSMITTAL
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
LIST OF TABLES AND DIAGRAMS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
..
CHAPTER II THE 1984 SECONDARY VOC MONAL EDUCATION
GRADUATES
7
A.
Income of 1984 Secondary Vocational Graduates:
1988 Income Tabulations
14
B.
Geographic Mobility of 1984 Secondary
Vocational Graduates
29
Income of 1984 Secondary Vocational Graduates:
C.
Comparison With Equivalent Groups
32
D.
Income of 1984, 1983, 1982, 1981 and 1980 Secondary Vocational
Graduates Four Years Following Their Graduation: A
Comparison
35
E.
Income of 1984, 1983, 1982, 1981 and 1980 Secondary Vocational
Graduates Four Years Following Graduation: Comparison With
Equivalent Groups
43
..
CHAPTER III THE 1984 ASSOCIATE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
GRADUATES
51
A.
Income of 1984 Associate Vocational Graduates:
1988 Income Tabulations
55
B.
Geographic Mobility of 1984 Associate Vocational Graduates
59
C.
Income of 1984 Associate Vocational Graduates:
Comparison With Equivalent Groups
62