Enzyme Engineering: Future Directions PDF
Preview Enzyme Engineering: Future Directions
Enz,yme Engineering Future Directions Enz'yme Engineering Future Directions Edited b'y Lemuel B. Wingord, Jr. Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. lIio V. Berezin Qnd Anotole A. Klyosov Department of Chemistry Moscow State University Moscow, U.S.S.R. PLENum PRESS . NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Conference on the Future of Enzyme Engineering Development, Tbilisi, 1978. Enzyme engineering. "Based on the proceedings of the Conference on the Future of Enzyme Engineering Development, held in Tbilisi, Georgian S.S.R., June 20-24, 1978." "Conference cosponsors, State Committee for Science and Technology of the Coun cil of Ministers of the USSR ... [et al.l." Includes index. 1. Enzymes-Industrial applications-Congresses.I.Wingard,Jr. Lemuel B. II. Berezin, lI'ia Vasil'evich. III. Klyosov Anatole Alekseevich. IV. Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.). Gosudarstvennyi komitet po nauke i tekhnike. V. Title. [DNLM: 1. Chemical engi neering-Congresses. 2. Enzymes-Congresses. QU135 C74ge 19781 QP248.E5C68 1978 660'.63 80-12061 ISBN-13: 978-14684-3721-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3719-5 001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3719-5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editors wish to thank the following for permission to reproduce a number of illustrations in this volume: Academic Press, New York DECHEMA (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur chemisches Apparatewesen), Frankfurt/Main, FRG Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam IFIAS (The International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study), Solna, Sweden IPC Science and Technology Press, Guildford, Surrey, England Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y. VAAP (The Copyright Agency of the USSR), Moscow John Wiley & Sons, New York Based on the Proceedings of the Conference on the Future of Enzyme Engineering Development, held in Tbilisi, Georgian S.S.R., June 20-24, 1978. © 1980 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE I. V. Berezin •• • Chairman S. V. Durmishidze · · · · · · Vice Chairman E. 1. Chazov · · · · · · Vice Chairman . V. F. Zurikov · Vice Chairman G. 1. Kvesitadze. · · · Science Secretary A. M. Egorov. · · · · · · Science Secretary N. S. Egorov N. V. Kakhniashvili M. G. Kohin S. Nilsson N. 1. Serdujk G. K. Skryabin P. M. Skirda S. D. Varfolomeev CONFERENCE COSPONSORS State Committee for Science and Technology of the Council of 1Hnisters of the USSR, Moscow, USSR International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study, Solna, Sweden Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR, Moscow, USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, USSR Institute for Plant Biochemistry of the Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, USSR Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR vii PREFACE The Soviet Union has had an active research and development program in the study and applica tion of soluble and immobilized enzymes since about 1970. Therefore, it was a natural conse quence that an international conference should be held in the Soviet Union to focus on some of the developments that may lead to new and exciting practical applications of enzymatic catalysts in a variety of areas, especially carbohydrate con versions, medicine, energy transduction, and photochemistry. The International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study, with its goal of focusing international scientific and technological exper tise on world problems, also has been very active in the area of enzyme engineering, with a major effort during 1972-1977 in several of the sub areas covered in this volume. The conference was held June 20-24, 1978 in the city of Tbilisi in the Georgian SSR of the USSR, under the title "The Future of Enzyme En gineering Development." The participants expressed a high sense of gratitude to the State Committee for Science and Technology and especially to the Georgian Academy of Sciences for their hospitality. The services of the Soviet linguists in providing simultaneous translation between Russian and English, and the brass band that played for the departing participants at the Tbilisi airport helped to make both the scientific and cultural parts of the conference memorable. This volume contains most of the papers from the conference. The editors appreciate the efforts of the authors in submitting all of the manuscripts for this volume in English and in updating their ix x PREFACE papers to compensate for the later (1980) publica tion date. The initial editorial review of the papers was done at Moscow, with the final editing, mainly for clarity and conciseness, carried out at Pittsburgh. The efforts of Ms. Hall of the Department of Pharmacology in typing all of the manuscripts in final form ready for photoprint ing is greatly appreciated. The Editors November 1979 CONTENTS I. GENERAL PROBLEMS OF ENZYME ENGINEERING Stabilization and Reactivation of Enzymes . . . • 3 K. Martinek, V. V. Mozhaev and I. V. Berezin Theory of Reliability and Kinetics of Inactivation of Bio catalytical Systems 55 S. D. Varfolomeev II. CARBOHYDRATE CONVERSIONS WITH ENZYMES Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulose to Glucose: Present State of the Art and Potential 83 A. A. Klyosov and M. L. Rabinowitch Immobilized Amyloglucosidase: Prep aration, Properties, and Application for Starch Hydrolysis • • • • 167 L. A. Nakhapetyan and I. I. Menyailova Substrate Stabilization of Soluble and Immobilized Glucoamylase Against Heating •••• 197 A. A. Klyosov, V. B. Gerasimas and A. P. Sinitsyn xi III. BIOMEDICAL POSSIBILITIES OF ENZYME ENGINEERING Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Stabili zation and Modification for Use in Therapy • . 219 v. P. Torchilin, A V. Mazaev, E. V. Il'ina, V. S. Goldmacher, V. N. Smirnov and E. I. Chazov Modification of Trypsin Pancreatic In hibitor by Polysaccharides for Prolongation of Thera- peutic Effect 241 N. I. Larionova, I. Y. Sakharov, N. F. Kazanskaya, A. G. Zhuravlyov, V. G. Vladimirov and P. I. Tolstich Enzymatic Modification of 8-Lactam Antibiotics: Problems and Perspectives . 257 V. K. Svedas, A. L. Margolin and I. V. Berezin Modification of Enzymes with Water Soluble Polymers . 295 I. M. Tereshin and B. V. Moskvichev Immobilized Enzymes and Other Materials for the Study of Mammalian Cell Surfaces 313 L. B. Wingard, Jr. IV. ENZYME ENGINEERING IN ENERGY TRANSFER, PHOTOGRAPHY, AND FINE CHEMICAL PROCESSING Microorganisms as Hydrogen and Hydro genase Producers 321 I. N. Gogotov CONTENTS xiii Spatially Structured Enzyme Support Arrangements in Electrochem- ical Systems • . . • . 339 L. B. Wingard, Jr. Application of Immobilized Enzyme Systems in Nonsilver Photography . . 357 I. V. Berezin, N. F. Kazanskaya and K. Martinek Immobilized Enzymes: A Breakthrough in Fine Chemicals Processing 405 E. Cernia Problems of Efficiency and Optimization in Enzyme Engineering . . . . 415 A. Kastner and E. Siimer V. ENZYMES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION Novel Enzymatic Production of L-Malic Acid as an Alternative Acidu lant to Citric Acid . . . . . 439 F. Giacobbe, A. Iasonna, W. Marconi, F. Morisi and G. Prosperi Application of Plant Phenol Oxidases in Biotechnological Processes 453 G. N. Pruidze Immobilized Enzymes in Nutritional Applications . . • • . . 465 W. Marconi VI. FUTURE PROSPECTS Impact of Enzyme Engineering on Science Policy . . • . . . . 487 B. Adams, C. G. Heden and S. Nilsson
The list of books you might like
