Envisioning an English Empire: Jamestown and the Making of the North Atlantic World PDF
Preview Envisioning an English Empire: Jamestown and the Making of the North Atlantic World
Envisioning an English Empire EARLY AMERICAN STUDIES DanielK.RichterandKathleenM.Brown,SeriesEditors Exploringneglectedaspectsofourcolonial,revolutionary,andearly nationalhistoryandculture,EarlyAmericanStudiesreinterpretsfamiliar themesandeventsinfreshways.Interdisciplinaryincharacter,andwitha specialemphasisontheperiodfromabout1600to1850,theseriesis publishedinpartnershipwiththeMcNeilCenterforEarlyAmerican Studies. Acompletelistofbooksintheseriesisavailablefromthepublisher. Envisioning an English Empire Jamestown and the Making of the North Atlantic World EDITED BY ROBERT APPELBAUM AND JOHN WOOD SWEET UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia Copyright(cid:1)2005UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Allrightsreserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publishedby UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104-4011 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData EnvisioninganEnglishempire:JamestownandthemakingoftheNorthAtlanticworld/ editedbyRobertAppelbaumandJohnWoodSweet. p. cm.—(EarlyAmericanstudies) ISBN0-8122-3853-2(alk.paper)—ISBN0-8122-1903-1(pbk.:alk.paper) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. 1. Smith,John,1580–1631. 2. Jamestown(Va.)—History. 3. GreatBritain— Colonies—America—History—17thcentury. I. Appelbaum,Robert,1952–. II. Sweet, JohnWood,1966–. III. Series F234.J3J3255 2005 973.2(cid:1)1—dc22 2004058847 Contents Foreword xi KarenOrdahlKupperman Introduction:SeaChanges 1 JohnWoodSweet PartI. ReadingEncounters 1.TheConquestofEden:PossessionandDominioninEarly Virginia 25 JamesHorn 2.PowhatansAbroad:VirginiaIndiansinEngland 49 AldenT.Vaughan 3.JohnSmithMapsVirginia:Knowledge,Rhetoric,andPolitics 68 LisaBlansett 4.ThePoliticsofPathos:RichardFrethorne’sLettersHome 92 EmilyRose PartII. TheWorldStage 5.TheSpecterofSpaininJohnSmith’sColonialWriting 111 EricGriffin 6.TheWhiteOthello:TurkeyandVirginiainJohnSmith’sTrue Travels 135 PompaBanerjee 7.England,Morocco,andGlobalGeopoliticalUpheaval 152 SusanIwanisziw 8.IrishColoniesandtheAmericas 172 AndrewHadfield vi Contents PartIII. AmericanMetamorphosis 9.HungerinEarlyVirginia:IndiansandEnglishFacingOffoverExcess, Want,andNeed 195 RobertAppelbaum 10.Between‘‘PlainWilderness’’and‘‘GoodlyCornFields’’:Representing LandUseinEarlyVirginia 217 JessEdwards 11.SettlingwithSlavery:HumanBondageintheEarlyAnglo-Atlantic World 236 MichaelJ.Guasco 12.‘‘WeAllSmokeHere’’:Behn’sTheWiddowRanterandtheInventionof AmericanIdentity 254 PeterC.Herman Conclusion:JamestownandItsNorthAtlanticWorld 275 ConstanceJordan Notes 289 Bibliography 325 ListofContributors 357 Index 359 Acknowledgments 369 Trade routes GREENLAND BAFFIN ICELAND HUDSON BAY Amsterdam Bristol London NEWFOUNDLAND Plymouth RoPuaernis EUROPE Quebec ks St. Malo Montreal ACADIA ban La Rochelle IROQUPOlyImSouNthew AmsFteirdsamh i n g Lisbon N CHEROKPOEEWHVATIRAGNISNIA BERMUDA AZORESMADEIRA MSCOeavRdiliOlzeCMCOEDITERRANEANSEA WES Gulf of Mexico HSatv. aAnuagustine ATOLCAENATNIC CANARIES AURITANISAAHARA DESERT P CUBA HISPANIOLA M AINVera Cruz CARIBBEANSanto DSaonm Jiunagno CAPE Santiago SENE- Timbuktu Cartagena SEA VERDE GAMBIA SAVANAH ISLANDS Porto Bello NombreV dEeN DEioZsUELA EGl UMIinNaEA CGOOALSDT GUIAN A Pará PERU AmazonR. MARANHSãAoO LuisCeaeá São Tomé Olinda BRAZIL Lima Bahia PACIFIC OCEAN 0 1000 2000 Miles 0 1000 2000 Kilometers Map1. TheNorthAtlanticWorld:principaltraderoutes,ca.1630.Sources: Meinig,TheShapingofAmerica,map8;Gleach,Powhatan’sWorld,fig.1;Kwamelna- Pohetal.,AfricanHistoryinMaps,map6. C h e s POTOMAC a S AC CUTTATOWOMEN PotomacR. p O e H A NANTAUGHTACUNDPISSASECK ONAWMANIENT a N A k M Fall Line RAPPAHANNOCK e CHICACOAN WICOCOMOCO B P O W H A T A N S MORAUGHTACUND a CUTTATOWOMEN y MATTAPONI OPISCOPANK ACCOHANNOCK YOUGHTANUNDPAMUNKEY RappahannockR. POWHATAN PIANKATANK M O N CHICAHOMINY A WEYANOCK CA ARROHATTOC WEROWOCOMOCO ATLANTIC NS APPOMATTOC PASPEHEGH YorkR. ACCOMAC OCEAN CHISKIAK Jamestown QUIOCCOHANNOCK Cape Charles JamesR.KECOUGHTAN WARRASKOYACK Cape Henry Under English CHESAPEAKE MANGOAKS NANSEMOND Uconndtreor lE inn g1l6is2h2 control in 1652 0 10 20 30 Miles 0 10 20 30 Kilometers Map2. PowhatanterritoryandtheVirginiacolony,1607–1652.Sources:Gleach, Powhatan’sWorld,fig.2;Nugent,CavaliersandPioneers,1611,1622,1652;Billings, TheOldDominion. Oclitetonmt satnat eEsm inp i1r6e 1a2nd NOSERATH SWEDESEAN Moscow Volga R. Hapsburg possessions ENGLANDNETHERLANDDSENMARK BA LTIC in 1612 Elbe MUSCOVY Trade routes London HOLR.Y Sahara Desert limit FLANDERS ROMAN POLAND DonR. ATOLCAENATNIC FRAParNisCE Rhine.REDaMnLuebiPepRzI.igRE PBrOagHVuEieMenIAna Kiev DnieperR. SWISS Pest KHANATE CONFED. AUSTRIA Buda TRAN- MOLDVOVA OF R. MILAN SYLVANIA CRIMEA THEAZORESPORPToUrtGoAL Valladolid RhôneSAVOTYUSCANVYENSPITACAPETAELS WDAaLnLuAbCeHR.IA BLACK SEA SPAIN CORSICA O TT Constantinople MarASragafakideisrhRMMaOLbSaRaaamTtrlOéaaCoCcnarhgaCdeiOiezrAFlSceiCaGzjizTuliambeerttraaoasulataaMnrelilla Algiers BarbaMrySCARoaEDsItNTIADunisI TESICRILNYARPLESA CORETME AN EMPCYPIRRUSE N Damascus Tripoli E A N S E A Jerusalem Alexandria TUAT Ghadames Cairo S A H A R A D E S E R T EGYPT Taghaza Aujila Nile RED Taodeni R. SEA Ghat Murzuk 0 250 500 Miles Tadmekka 0 250 500 Kilometers Map3. TheMediterraneanworld,ca.1612.Sources:Pitcher,HistoricalGeography, map23;Kwamena-Pohetal.,AfricanHistoryinMaps,map6. ORKNEY 16th century plantations ISLANDS 17th century plantations E S Lewis D I R B HE DS R Harris N E ES A OUT HEBRID IGHL Inverness Aberdeen R H EN SCOTLAND N I ATLANTIC Stirling NOR TH Edinburgh Glasgow OCEAN SEA R S E D R O Londonderry B ANTRIM ULSTER (1609-1610) Belfast Whitehaven DOWN LEITRIM Lancaster York IRISH LONGFORD LAOIS SEA Galway OFFALY Liverpool (1556) Dublin WEST OFFALY ENGLAND NORTH WEXFORD Wexford WALES MUNSTER (1584) Gloucester Swansea London Cardiff Bristol Exeter Portsmouth 0 50 100 Miles Plymouth C h a n n e l 0 50 100 Kilometers E n g l i s h Map4. GreatBritain:principalEnglishandScottishplantationsinIreland, 1556–1700.Source:Canny,OriginsofEmpire,maps6.1,6.2.
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