Entrepreneurship in Theory and Practice: Paradoxes in Play, Second Edition PDF
Preview Entrepreneurship in Theory and Practice: Paradoxes in Play, Second Edition
Entrepreneurship in Theory and Practice SECOND EDITION MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd ii 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077 MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd iiii 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077 Entrepreneurship in Theory and Practice PARADOXES IN PLAY SECOND EDITION Suna Løwe Nielsen, Kim Klyver, Majbritt Rostgaard Evald and Torben Bager University of Southern Denmark Case writers: William B. Gartner, Saras Sarasvathy, Alain Fayolle, Benson Honig et al Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd iiiiii 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077 © Suna Løwe Nielsen, Kim Klyver, Majbritt Rostgaard Evald and Torben Bager 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitt ed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited Th e Lypiatt s 15 Lansdown Road Cheltenham Glos GL50 2JA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. William Pratt House 9 Dewey Court Northampton Massachusett s 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2016962552 ISBN 978 1 78536 445 7 (cased) ISBN 978 1 78536 447 1 (paperback) ISBN 978 1 78536 446 4 (eBook) Typeset by Servis Filmsett ing Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire 2 0 MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd iivv 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077 Contents in brief Preface xiv Introduction xvii SECTION 1: WELCOME TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1 What is entrepreneurship? 3 2 Who is the entrepreneur? 21 SECTION 2: THE ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS 3 Emergence of opportunities 47 4 Evaluation of opportunities 67 5 Organisation of opportunities 89 6 Nascent entrepreneurship 113 SECTION 3: THE ENTREPRENEURIAL CONTENT 7 Resources 137 8 Networks 157 9 Th e business plan 179 10 Design thinking 201 SECTION 4: THE ENTREPRENEURIAL CONTEXT 11 Intrapreneurship 227 12 Social entrepreneurship 252 13 Public entrepreneurship 269 14 Entrepreneurship policy 294 15 Synthesis and recap 316 Index 325 MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd vv 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077 MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd vvii 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077 Full contents Preface xiv Introduction: the ideas behind the book xvii Th e audience xviii Basic concept: theory and practice in action xix Th e chapters’ fourfold structure xx Entrepreneurship: a world of paradoxes xxi Th e book’s structure xxiii SECTION 1: WELCOME TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1 What is entrepreneurship? 3 An elevator pitch for entrepreneurship 4 Elevator pitch for you 4 Elevator pitch for existing organisations 5 Elevator pitch for society 5 A historical fl ashback 6 Th e economic tradition 8 Th e social- psychological tradition 9 Th e emergence tradition 10 Th e opportunity tradition 11 Th e book’s starting point 12 A complementary approach 12 Central themes 14 Th e signifi cance of context 16 Th e international variation 17 Ready for departure 18 2 Who is the entrepreneur? 21 Entrepreneurship in practice 21 Case study: a taste of the French wine business 22 (Devised by Alain Fayolle) Your immediate interpretation 25 Th eories of entrepreneurship 25 Types of entrepreneurs 26 Th e entrepreneur is born 27 MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd vviiii 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077 viii · Entrepreneurship in theory and practice Th e entrepreneur is made 30 Entrepreneurs: born or made? 37 A theoretical interpretation 39 Th e born perspective 39 Th e made perspective 40 Testing the theory 42 SECTION 2: THE ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS 3 Emergence of opportunities 47 Entrepreneurship in practice 47 Case study: serving the Starbucks coff ee story 47 (Devised by Saras Sarasvathy) Your immediate interpretation 50 Th eories of entrepreneurship 51 Opportunity versus idea 51 Th e extent of intentions and capabilities 52 Types of opportunities 55 Discovering opportunities 57 Creating opportunities 60 Opportunities: discovered or created? 62 A theoretical interpretation 63 Th e discovery perspective 63 Th e creation perspective 64 Testing the theory 65 4 Evaluation of opportunities 67 Entrepreneurship in practice 67 Case study: ‘Th e sky is the limit’ 68 (Devised by the authors) Your immediate interpretation 71 Th eories of entrepreneurship 72 What is evaluation? 73 Th e instrumental evaluation 74 Evaluation through the creation of legitimacy 79 Evaluation: instrumental or legitimate? 83 A theoretical interpretation 84 Th e instrumental perspective 84 Th e legitimacy perspective 85 Testing the theory 87 MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd vviiiiii 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077 · ix Full contents 5 Organisation of opportunities 89 Entrepreneurship in practice 89 Case study: a famous chef, ‘It just happened’ 90 (Devised by the authors) Your immediate interpretation 93 Th eories of entrepreneurship 93 What is an organisation? 94 What does organising involve? 96 Organising is not always a success 99 Organising can be planned 101 Organising is all about improvisation 103 Organising: planning or improvisation? 107 A theoretical interpretation 108 Th e planning perspective 108 Th e improvising perspective 109 Testing the theory 110 6 Nascent entrepreneurship 113 Entrepreneurship in practice 113 Case study: ADAM: community entrepreneurship 114 (Devised by Benson Honig) Your immediate interpretation 117 Th eories of nascent entrepreneurship 117 Entrepreneurship, self-employment and nascent entrepreneurship 118 Institutional factors infl uencing nascent entrepreneurship 119 Individual factors infl uencing nascent entrepreneurship 120 Life events infl uencing nascent entrepreneurship 122 Hybrid entrepreneurship and freelancers 125 Th e start-up process 125 Necessity perspective of nascent entrepreneurship 128 Opportunity perspective of nascent entrepreneurship 129 Nascent entrepreneurship: necessity based or opportunity based? 130 A theoretical interpretation 131 Th e necessity perspective 131 Th e opportunity perspective 131 Testing the theory 132 SECTION 3: THE ENTREPRENEURIAL CONTENT 7 Resources 137 Entrepreneurship in practice 137 MM44221111--NNIIEELLSSEENN ((22nndd eeddiittiioonn))__tt..iinndddd iixx 2277//0044//22001177 1144::0077
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