Table Of Content

'.V / ! n [/ 7¥ s for Secondary Students Learning Technologies Branch LEARNING English LanguageArts HandbookforSecondaryStudents Learning Technologies Branch ISBN 0-7741-2239-0 Coverphoto: (bottom right) PhotoDiscCollection/Getty Images Thisdocumentisintendedfor YoumayfindthefollowingInternetsitesuseful: Students / • Alberta Learning, http://www.Iearning.gov.ab.ca Teachers / • Learning Technologies Branch, http://www.learning.gov.ab.ca/ltb • Learning Resources Centre, http://www.lrc.learning.gov.ab.ca Administrators TheuseoftheInternetisoptional.Exploringtheelectronicinformationsuperhighwaycanbe Home Instructors educationalandentertaining. However,beawarethatthesecomputernetworksarenotcensored. StudentsmayunintentionallyorpurposelyfindarticlesontheInternetthatmaybeoffensiveor GeneralPublic inappropriate.Aswell,thesourcesofinformationarenotalwayscitedandthecontentmaynotbe Other accurate.Therefore,studentsmaywishtoconfirmfactswithasecondsource. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Copyright©2002,theCrowninRightofAlberta,asrepresentedbytheMinisterofLearning,AlbertaLearning, 10155- 102Street, Edmonton,Alberta T5J4L5.Allrightsreserved. AdditionalcopiesmaybeobtainedfromtheLearningResourcesCentre. Nopartofthiscoursewaremaybereproducedinanyform,includingphotocopying(unlessotherwiseindicated),withoutthewritten permissionofAlbertaLearning. Everyefforthasbeenmadebothtoprovideproperacknowledgementoftheoriginalsourceandtocomplywithcopyrightlaw.Ifcases areidentifiedwherethisefforthasbeenunsuccessful,pleasenotifyAlbertaLearningsothatappropriatecorrectiveactioncanbetaken. IT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO COPY ANY PART OF THESE MATERIALS UNDER THE TERMS OF A LICENCE FROM A COLLECTIVE OR A LICENSING BODY. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1: Spelling, Punctuation, and Capitalization Spelling i Vowels and Consonants 1 Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes 2 Dividing Words into Syllables 5 Silent Letters 7 Plurals 7 Compound Words 10 E/or/e 10 Problem Words 11 Abbreviations 16 Punctuation is The Exclamation Mark 19 The Question Mark 19 The Period 19 The Comma 20 The Semicolon 22 The Colon 22 Quotation Marks 23 Underlining/ltalics 25 The Ellipsis 26 The Dash 26 Parentheses 26 Brackets 27 The Apostrophe 27 The Hyphen 29 Capitalization 30 Sentence Beginnings 30 The Pronoun I 30 Proper Nouns 30 Grammar Section 2: Parts of Speech 33 Nouns 33 Pronouns 34 Verbs 37 Adjectives 44 Adverbs 48 Prepositions 50 Conjunctions 52 Interjections 54 Parts of the Sentence 54 Suk^ects 54 Predicates 56 Objects 56 Complements 58 Phrases 59 Sentence Patterns 63 Clauses 64 Types of Sentences i\ Sentence Construction 71 Sentence Function 73 Section 3: Writing Effectively Writing Correctly 74 Fragments 74 Run-On Sentences 75 SubjectA^erb Agreement 76 Verb Tense Shift 80 Subjective and Objective Pronouns 80 Pronoun Agreement 82 Ambiguous Pronouns 83 Double Negatives 84 Confusion ofAdjectives and Adverbs 84 Dangling Participles 85 Misplaced Modifiers 85 improving Your Writing Style 85 Word Choices 86 Joining Sentences Effectively 88 Variety in Sentence Types 90 Variety in Sentence Beginnings 90 Variety in Sentence Length 92 The Writing Process 92 Prewriting 93 Writing 104 Revising 109 Editing and Proofreading 112 Publishing 113 Section 4: Communicating in Writing Expressive/Exploratory Writing 115 Journal Writing 115 Poetry 116 Narrative and Descriptive Writing 119 Stories 119 Anecdotes 123 Plays 124 Expository Writing 125 Essays 125 Research Papers and Reports 130 Book Reports 135 News Reports 137 Letters 138 Memos and E-Mail 149 Minutes 149 Section 5: Communicating in Other Ways Reading 152 Purpose and Speed 152 Skimming and Scanning 153 Previewing 155 Reading Directions 156 The SQ3R Method 156 Viewing and Representing 157 Drawings and Paintings 158 Photographs 163 Movies and Films 166 Advertising 167 Cartoons 171 Symbols and Signs 173 Mixed-Media Presentations 174 Speaking and Listening 175 Working in Groups 175 Oral Reading 177 Making a Speech 178 Listening 183 Section 6: Locating Information The Dictionary and Thesaurus iss Using a Dictionary 185 Special Dictionaries 190 Using a Thesaurus 191 The Library 192 The Card Catalogue 192 The Dewey Decimal System 193 The Library of Congress System 194 Reference Materials 195 The Internet 197 The World Wide Web 197 Searching the Internet 198 Taking Notes 199 Note Cards 199 Summarizing 201 Paraphrasing 202 The Interview 203 Section 7: Understanding Literature Prose and Poetry 204 Varieties of Prose 204 Varieties of Poetry 205 The Elements of a Story 208 Plot and Conflict 208 Characters 209 Setting 210 Mood 210 Theme 210 Point ofView 211 Elements of a Play 212 Action and Dialogue 212 Characters 214 Sets and Props 214 Literary Devices 214 Imagery 215 Figurative Language 215 Figures of Speech 215 Irony 217 Satire 217 Symbolism 218 Allusion 218 Flashback 218 Foreshadowing 219 Sound Devices 219 Index 225 image Credits 236 Digitized by the Internet Archive 2016 in https://archive.org/details/englishlanguageaOOalbe