English Historical Facts 1603–1688

239 Pages·1980·20.42 MB·English

by  Chris Cook, John Wroughton (auth.)

ENGLISH HISTORICAL FACTS
1603-1688
Other titles already published in this series
ENGLISH HISTORICAL FACTS 1485-1603 (Ken Powell and Chris Cook)
BRITISH HISTORICAL FACTS 1760-1830 (Chris Cook and John Stevenson)
BRITISH HISTORICAL FACTS 1830-1900 (Chris Cook and Brendan Keith)
EUROPEAN POLITICAL FACTS 1789-1848 (Chris Cook and John Paxton)
EUROPEAN POLITICAL FACTS 1848-1918 (Chris Cook and John Paxton)
EUROPEAN POLITICAL FACTS 1918-1973 (Chris Cook and John Paxton)
CoMMONWEALTH POLITICAL FACTS (Chris Cook and John Paxton)
Other books by Chris Cook
THE AGE OF ALIGNMENT: ELECTORAL POLITICS IN BRITAIN 1922-1929
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE LIBERAL PARTY 1900-1976
BY-ELECTIONS IN BRITISH POLITICS (ed. with John Ramsden)
THE POLITICS OF REAPPRAISAL 1918-1939 ( ed. with Gil/ian Peele)
THE DECADE OF DISILLUSION (ed. with David McKie)
CRISIS AND CONTROVERSY: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF A. J.P. TAYLOR
(ed. with Alan Sked)
SoURCES IN BRITISH POLITICAL HISTORY 1900-1951 (with Philip Jones eta/.)
THE LONGMAN ATLAS OF MODERN BRITISH HISTORY 1700-1970
(with John Stevenson)
THE SLUMP: SOCIETY AND POLITICS DURING THE DEPRESSION
(with John Stevenson)
TRENDS IN BRITISH POLITICS SINCE 1945 (ed. with John Ramsden)
Other books by John Wroughton
CROMWELL AND THE ROUNDHEADS
PLOTS, TRAITORS AND SPIES 1653-1685
SMUGGLING (With John Paxton)
DOCUMENTS ON BRITISH POLITICAL HISTORY, 1688-1974
DoCUMENTS ON WORLD HISTORY, 1870-1976 (With Denys Cook)
BATH IN THE AGE OF REFORM, 1830-1841
THE CIVIL WAR IN BATH AND NORTH SOMERSET, 1642-1650
DOCUMENTS AND DEBATES-SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BRITISH HISTORY
ENGLISH
HISTORICAL FACTS
1603-1688
Chris Cook and John Wroughton
M
MACMILLAN
©Chris Cook and John Wroughton 1980
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980 978-0-333-18634-3
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without permission
First edition 1980
Reprinted 1989
Published by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
London and Basingstoke
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
ISBN 978-1-349-02678-4 ISBN 978-1-349-02676-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-02676-0
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Cook, Chris
English historical facts, 1603-1688.
I. Great Britain - Politics and government -
1603-1714
I. Title II. Wroughton, John
320.9'42'06 JN191
CONTENTS
Preface and Acknowledgements vii
I The Monarchy I
Biographical Details of Rulers I
Regnal Years 3
Contemporary European Rulers 5
2 Selected Holders of Major Public Office 8
Lord Chancellors and Lord Keepers of the Great Seal 8
Lord Treasurers and Lord Commissioners of the Treasury 9
Secretaries of State II
Lord Presidents of the Council II
Lords Privy Seal 12
Chancellors of the Exchequer 13
Lord Lieutenants and Chief Governors of Ireland 13
Lord Admirals and First Lords of the Admiralty 14
Masters of the Mint 15
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster 16
Chief Justices of the King's Bench 16
Masters of the Rolls 17
Chief Barons of the Court of Exchequer 17
Chief Justices of the Court of Common Pleas 17
Attorney Generals 18
Solicitor Generals 18
3 A Glossary of Central Government 19
The Central Executive 19
The Royal Household 25
Finance 26
Other Departments of State 34
Central Government, 1603-89: Glossary of Terms 35
Glossary of Legal Terms 54
4 Selected Biographies 57
5 Parliament 83
Composition 83
Franchise and Qualifications 86
Officers of the House 86
Dates of Parliaments, 1604-90 88
Attendance at Parliament, 1660-88 88
Composition of Parliament 89
v
~ CONTENTS
6 Local Government 90
The County 90
The Parish 94
Municipal Corporations 97
7 The Church I 00
The Established Church I 00
Puritanism and Nonconformity 102
Roman Catholics I 04
Biographies and Glossary of Terms 107
Chronology, 1602-89 118
List of Archbishops and Bishops, 1603-89 137
8 The Armed Forces 141
Parliament and the Army 141
Chronology of the Civil Wars 144
Outline of Principal Campaigns 154
Battles 158
British Treaties 160
9 Overseas Trade and the Colonies 165
Main Territories under British Rule by 1688 165
Landmarks in British Colonial Policy 166
Trading Companies 169
Colonial Governors 171
10 Education and Learning 182
Education 182
Censorship 196
Newspapers and Journals 199
Prose: General, Religious, Philosophical, Political 201
Historical Writing 206
Drama 209
Poetry (excluding Poetic Drama) 215
Art, Music and Architecture 220
Science 222
II Population and the Towns 226
The Larger English Towns c. 1688 226
Urbanisation in England, 1603-95: Increase in Population in
Selected Towns 226
Comparative Degrees of Urbanisation in European Countries c.
1660 227
Provincial Towns: Rank Order of Size, 1662 227
Incorporation of Boroughs, 1603-88 228
Select Bibliography 230
PREFACE AND
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This volume attempts to present, within the space of a single medium-sized
book, a reference work on English history from 1603 to 1688 that will be of value
to teachers, to students and to research workers. Within this book we have
attempted to bring together as many of the important historical facts as can be
reasonably assembled here. Inevitably, however, no book of this type can be
entirely comprehensive. In some areas the data is unreliable or indeed non
existent. Reasons of space also dictate the amount of information that can be
presented.
In any book of this sort, the compilers owe a deep debt both to existing
published works and to individual scholars who have offered help and advice.
The chapter on the armed forces was compiled by Stephen Brooks, and the
chapter on the Church by Anne Lawrence. Throughout this book the modern
style of dating has been used.
Finally, we should like to appeal to scholars and others working in this field to
point out any omissions or errors in this book, so that the volume may be
expanded or enlarged in future editions.
Chris Cook
June 1979 John Wroughton
vii
1 THE MONARCHY
BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS OF RULERS
James I ( 1603-25)
Born 19June 1566, the son of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, and Mary Queen of
Scots. On 20 August 1589 he married Anne of Denmark. He acceded to the
throne on 24 March 1603 and died on 27 March 1625 (he had earlier been James
VI, King of Scotland, from 24 July 1567). His marriage to Anne of Denmark
produced the following children.
(I) Henry Frederick: Prince Henry Frederick was born on 19 February
1594; he was created Duke of Cornwall in 1603 and
Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in 1610. He
died on 6 November 1612.
(2) Elizabeth: Princess Elizabeth was born on 19 August 1596; she
married Frederick, Elector Palatine (King of
Bohemia after 1619). She died on 13 February 1662.
(3) Margaret: Princess Margaret was born on 24 December 1598;
died in infancy.
(4) Charles: Prince Charles (Charles I after 1625) was born on 19
November 1600. He was created Duke of Cornwall
in 1603 and Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in
1616.
(5) Robert: Born on 18 January 1602; died on 27 May 1602.
(6) Mary: Born on 8 April 1605; died on 16 December 1607.
(7) Sophia: Born on 22 June 1606; died the following day.
Charles I ( 1625-49)
Born on 19 November 1600, the son ofJ ames I and Anne of Denmark. Suceeded
to the throne 27 March 1625. On 1 May 1625 he married (by proxy) Henrietta
Maria, daughter of Henry IV of France. He was executed on 30 January 1649.
His marriage produced the following children.
( 1) Charles: Born on 29 May 1630; became Charles II (q.v.).
(2) Mary: Born on 4 December 1631; married William II,
Prince of Orange, in 1641; died on 24 December
1660.
I
2 ENGLISH HISTORICAL FACTS 1603-1688
(3) James: Born on 14 October 1633; became James II (q.v.).
(4) Elizabeth: Born on 28 December 1635; died on 8 September
1650.
(5) Henry: Born on 8 July 1639; died on 13 September 1660.
(6) Henrietta Maria: Born on 16 June 1644; married Philip, Duke of
Orleans in 1661; died on 30 June 1670.
Note: The Kingship was abolished on 16 March 1649. A Council of State had
been established on 14 February 1649, which was dissolved on 20 April
1653. Another Council of State was set up on 29 April 1653, and on 16
December 1653 Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector.
Oliver Cromwell ( 1653-8)
Born on 25 Aprill599, the son of Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Steward. He
married Elizabeth Bourchier. He became Lord Protector on 16 December 1653
and died on 3 September 1658. His marriage produced the following children.
(1) Robert: Born in 1621; died in May 1639.
(2) Oliver: Born in 1622; died in March 1644.
(3) Richard: Born on 4 October 1626, subsequently Lord
Protector (see below).
(4) Henry: Born on 20 January 1628; died on 23 March 1673.
(5) Bridget: Born in August 1624, married Henry Ireton, 1646
and subsequently Charles Fleetwood, 1652; died in
1660.
(6) Elizabeth: Born July 1629; died August 1658.
(7) Mary: Born February 1637.
(8) Frances: Born 1638; died 1721.
Richard Cromwell ( 1658-9)
Born on 4 October 1626, the son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier.
Succeeded as Lord Protector on 3 September 1658 and abdicated on 24 May
1659. His marriage to Dorothy Mayor produced one son and three daughters.
He died on 12 July 1712.
Charles II ( 1660-85)
Born on 29 May 1630, the son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. Succeeded to
the throne on 29 May 1660. On 21 May 1662 he married Catherine of Braganza.
His illegitimate children included James, created Duke of Monmouth in 1663
and executed 15 July 1685. Charles himself died on 6 February 1685.