Energy Benchmarks

25 Pages·2008·0.617 MB·English

Energy benchmarks
CIBSE TM46: 2008
Engineering a sustainable
built environment
The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers
222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS
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© October 2008 The Chartered Institution of Building
Services Engineers London
Registered charity number 278104
ISBN: 978-1-903287-95-8
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This publication is primarily intended to provide guidance to those responsible for the
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Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Benchmarking approach 1
2.1 Annual consumption period 1
2.2 Separable energy uses 2
2.3 Adjustments to benchmarks 2
2.4 Mixed use buildings 2
3 Description of the benchmarks table 2
References 3
Appendix A1: Weather adjustment 13
Appendix A2: Separable energy uses 14
Appendix A3: Occupancy adjustment 17
Appendix A4: Notes on specific building types 18
1
Energy benchmarks
1 Introduction further discussions were held and refinements made to the
benchmark set.
This document describes the statutory building energy
benchmarks prepared to complement the Operational
Rating procedure developed by the Department for
2 Benchmarking approach
Communities and Local Government (CLG) for Display
Energy Certificates for use in England, Wales and
Northern Ireland under the The Energy Performance of The following principles set down by the CLG steering
Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and committee for Operational Ratings, and adopted by the
Wales) Regulations 2007 (as amended)(1–4) and the The CIBSE Benchmarking Steering Group, form the basis for
Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and the statutory operational rating and benchmarking
Inspections) Regulations (Northern Ireland)(5,6). procedures developed to implement the Energy
Performance Regulations.
It describes the benchmarks and explains the approach to
their development and use. The principles of Operational — Benchmark categories: There are currently 29
Ratings, Display Energy Certificates and the Advisory benchmark categories, as set out in Table 1. Each
Reports that accompany them are set out in CIBSE category represents a major functional group of
TM47(7). buildings, so the benchmarks provide an
indication of how a building is performing in
Display Energy Certificates show a grade on an A to G relation to the wider group. An example is offices,
scale, based on the operational rating. This is the ratio of where there is no differentiation for servicing
actual building carbon dioxide emissions based on real strategy, so that a fully air conditioned office
energy consumption data to benchmark emissions for a shares the same benchmark as a naturally
typical building of that category. These certificates must ventilated office. Other sectors follow this
be displayed at all times, in a prominent position, by approach. Table 2 sets out how buildings are
larger public buildings over 1000 m2, after 1st October allocated to the 29 benchmark categories. The
2008 in England and Wales, and from 31st December 2008 categories and classifications will be kept under
in Northern Ireland*. review as statistical data from DECs are collected.
— Benchmark values: The benchmarks are expressed
Display Energy Certificates are required for buildings
with a total useful floor area greater than 1000 m2, that are in terms of delivered energy used per unit of floor
area (kW·h/m2), for both electrical and fossil fuel
occupied by a public authority or an institution providing
energy use, as set out in Table 1. For operational
a public service to a large number of people, and are
rating purposes they are converted to carbon
frequently visited by members of the public. They are
dioxide emissions per unit area (kgCO /m2) using
valid for one year. They must be accompanied by an 2
defined CO intensity factors for electricity and
advisory report, setting out advice on measures that could 2
(where present) fossil-thermal energy, which is
be taken to improve the energy performance of the
taken to be gas. The conversion factors are defined
building, which is valid for 7 years. Display Energy
separately by CLG and applied by the software and
Certificates must be produced by accredited Energy
are therefore not part of this benchmark set
Assessors who are members of a scheme approved by the
(because the benchmarks are specified in energy
Department of Communities and Local Government.
terms) although illustrative values are provided in
Table 3.
CIBSE developed initial proposals for the benchmarks
based on chapter 20 of CIBSEGuide F: Energy efficiency in
buildings(8) and Energy Consumption Guide ECG19:
Energy efficiency in offices(9). These were presented and 2.1 Annual consumption periods
discussed at a specially convened workshop at the end of
July 2007. Following responses at that meeting a revised The energy use of the building is ideally measured over a
benchmark set was circulated in September 2007 for period of exactly 365 days. The actual metered consump-
comment to 80 individuals in 40 public and private sector tion is adjusted to 365 days if the actual period between
organisations with an interest in Display Energy readings differs slightly, with a maximum variation of plus
Certificate benchmarking. As a result of this consultation or minus 31 days permitted. This adjustment is not a
benchmark issue but is part of the calculation procedure.
Where the energy is not directly metered, e.g. fuel oil, coal
* In Scotland, larger public buildings will be required to publicly
display an Energy Performance Certificate from 4th January 2009 or wood, then the assessor will need to review delivery
1
Energy benchmarks
1 Introduction further discussions were held and refinements made to the
benchmark set.
This document describes the statutory building energy
benchmarks prepared to complement the Operational
Rating procedure developed by the Department for
2 Benchmarking approach
Communities and Local Government (CLG) for Display
Energy Certificates for use in England, Wales and
Northern Ireland under the The Energy Performance of The following principles set down by the CLG steering
Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and committee for Operational Ratings, and adopted by the
Wales) Regulations 2007 (as amended)(1–4) and the The CIBSE Benchmarking Steering Group, form the basis for
Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and the statutory operational rating and benchmarking
Inspections) Regulations (Northern Ireland)(5,6). procedures developed to implement the Energy
Performance Regulations.
It describes the benchmarks and explains the approach to
their development and use. The principles of Operational — Benchmark categories: There are currently 29
Ratings, Display Energy Certificates and the Advisory benchmark categories, as set out in Table 1. Each
Reports that accompany them are set out in CIBSE category represents a major functional group of
TM47(7). buildings, so the benchmarks provide an
indication of how a building is performing in
Display Energy Certificates show a grade on an A to G relation to the wider group. An example is offices,
scale, based on the operational rating. This is the ratio of where there is no differentiation for servicing
actual building carbon dioxide emissions based on real strategy, so that a fully air conditioned office
energy consumption data to benchmark emissions for a shares the same benchmark as a naturally
typical building of that category. These certificates must ventilated office. Other sectors follow this
be displayed at all times, in a prominent position, by approach. Table 2 sets out how buildings are
larger public buildings over 1000 m2, after 1st October allocated to the 29 benchmark categories. The
2008 in England and Wales, and from 31st December 2008 categories and classifications will be kept under
in Northern Ireland*. review as statistical data from DECs are collected.
— Benchmark values: The benchmarks are expressed
Display Energy Certificates are required for buildings
with a total useful floor area greater than 1000 m2, that are in terms of delivered energy used per unit of floor
area (kW·h/m2), for both electrical and fossil fuel
occupied by a public authority or an institution providing
energy use, as set out in Table 1. For operational
a public service to a large number of people, and are
rating purposes they are converted to carbon
frequently visited by members of the public. They are
dioxide emissions per unit area (kgCO /m2) using
valid for one year. They must be accompanied by an 2
defined CO intensity factors for electricity and
advisory report, setting out advice on measures that could 2
(where present) fossil-thermal energy, which is
be taken to improve the energy performance of the
taken to be gas. The conversion factors are defined
building, which is valid for 7 years. Display Energy
separately by CLG and applied by the software and
Certificates must be produced by accredited Energy
are therefore not part of this benchmark set
Assessors who are members of a scheme approved by the
(because the benchmarks are specified in energy
Department of Communities and Local Government.
terms) although illustrative values are provided in
Table 3.
CIBSE developed initial proposals for the benchmarks
based on chapter 20 of CIBSEGuide F: Energy efficiency in
buildings(8) and Energy Consumption Guide ECG19:
Energy efficiency in offices(9). These were presented and 2.1 Annual consumption periods
discussed at a specially convened workshop at the end of
July 2007. Following responses at that meeting a revised The energy use of the building is ideally measured over a
benchmark set was circulated in September 2007 for period of exactly 365 days. The actual metered consump-
comment to 80 individuals in 40 public and private sector tion is adjusted to 365 days if the actual period between
organisations with an interest in Display Energy readings differs slightly, with a maximum variation of plus
Certificate benchmarking. As a result of this consultation or minus 31 days permitted. This adjustment is not a
benchmark issue but is part of the calculation procedure.
Where the energy is not directly metered, e.g. fuel oil, coal
* In Scotland, larger public buildings will be required to publicly
display an Energy Performance Certificate from 4th January 2009 or wood, then the assessor will need to review delivery
2 Energy benchmarks
records and check inventory levels to calculate annual the sector, under headings of space usage,
consumption figures. operating schedule and distinguishing features.
— Columns G–J (Table 1(a)): further details of the
category including:
2.2 Separable energy uses
— building services included in the energy
The annual metered consumption data for the building benchmarks (the list is not exhaustive)
can also be reduced if there is validated metered energy — other benchmark categories which may be
consumption for one or more of the allowed separable found in combination with the current
energy uses. These are listed in Appendix A2, Table A2.1. category; e.g. ‘dry sports’ and ‘swimming
This appendix provides further information on separable pool’ categories may be present in the same
energy uses. The actual energy use of the building is not sports complex; also office space and
adjusted other than for the consumption period (see covered car parking often co-exist within
section 2.1) and for any separable energy uses). one metered building
— separable energy uses which may be
2.3 Adustments to benchmarks deducted (if separately metered) in the
benchmark comparison for this category,
e.g. sports floodlighting
Two adjustments to the benchmark may be made:
— representative buildings: examples of
— Weather adjustment: To improve the accuracy of
buildings which fall in this category.
operational ratings the benchmark is adjusted for
weather. The weather adjustment is automatically — Columns K–L (Table 1(b)): the energy bench-
carried out within the approved software, using marks expressed as kW·h/m2for electricity and for
the relevant degree-day data for the assessment fossil-thermal energy.
period.
— Columns M–O (Table 1(b)): CO benchmarks
2
obtained from the energy benchmarks, expressed
— Occupancy adjustment: Buildings which are
as kgCO /m2for the two fuels and the total. These
occupied for long periods are likely to use more 2
are calculated from the energy benchmarks with
energy than those occupied for shorted periods.
the CO intensity factors shown in Table 3 and are
Where valid and verifiable data for occupancy 2
illustrative and not to be considered as funda-
duration is available, the benchmark may be
mental benchmark data.
adjusted. The occupancy adjustment is carried out
within the software if the assessor enters — Columns P–R (Table 1(b)): the building size
confirmed annual occupied hours greater than the measurement or metric; generally the building is
standard values for the benchmark building as set to be measured as gross floor area (the gross
out in Table 1. internal area (GIA) as defined by the Royal
Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS)), but in
some sectors other ‘alternate’ metrics are also
2.4 Mixed use buildings allowed such as net lettable area for offices. In
these cases a default factor to convert to the GIA is
Mixed use buildings may be split into their component provided for use by the software if the user has
uses for separate assessment of each type of use. only the alternate data.
Otherwise, a composite benchmark based on the relative
— Columns S–T (Table 1(c)): the weather adjustment
percentage of total usable floor area allocated to each use
data comprises a stated percentage, for electricity
may be calculated. For example, for a building having
and for fossil-thermal, indicating what fraction of
1200 m2 of general retail and 1800 m2 of hotel, the retail
that energy source is to be scaled by the degree-day
element comprises 40% of the total floor area and the hotel
value. See Appendix A1 for further information on
60%. A composite benchmark will therefore be calculated
weather adjustment and degree-days.
by adding 40% of the retail benchmark to 60% of the hotel
benchmark. This approach also applies where buildings — Column U (Table 1(c)): the list of separable energy
include conditioned car parks, restaurants, or swimming uses allowed for each category; no other energy
pools which can be specified by floor area. uses can be subtracted from the metered energy
use. Further conditions must be satisfied before
these separable energy uses can be subtracted, as
specified in Appendix A2, Table A2.1. See
3 Description of the Appendix A2 for further information on separable
benchmarks table energy use.
— Columns V–Z (Table 1(c)): occupancy adjustment
Table 1 is the main benchmark table. For each of the 29 is handled by defining an annual total of occupied
benchmark categories, the table contains the following hours for the building and comparing this to the
data: expected value as stated in the benchmark table
(‘benchmark hours per year’) for the category. Any
— Column A: category number increase in hours leads to an increase in the
benchmark values up to the maximum increase
— Columns B–C: category name and description
specified in the tables — intermediate values are
— Columns D–F (Table 1(a)): allocation guides, prorated. See Appendix A3 for further information
which show how a building may be allocated to on occupancy adjustment.
2 Energy benchmarks
records and check inventory levels to calculate annual the sector, under headings of space usage,
consumption figures. operating schedule and distinguishing features.
— Columns G–J (Table 1(a)): further details of the
category including:
2.2 Separable energy uses
— building services included in the energy
The annual metered consumption data for the building benchmarks (the list is not exhaustive)
can also be reduced if there is validated metered energy — other benchmark categories which may be
consumption for one or more of the allowed separable found in combination with the current
energy uses. These are listed in Appendix A2, Table A2.1. category; e.g. ‘dry sports’ and ‘swimming
This appendix provides further information on separable pool’ categories may be present in the same
energy uses. The actual energy use of the building is not sports complex; also office space and
adjusted other than for the consumption period (see covered car parking often co-exist within
section 2.1) and for any separable energy uses). one metered building
— separable energy uses which may be
2.3 Adustments to benchmarks deducted (if separately metered) in the
benchmark comparison for this category,
e.g. sports floodlighting
Two adjustments to the benchmark may be made:
— representative buildings: examples of
— Weather adjustment: To improve the accuracy of
buildings which fall in this category.
operational ratings the benchmark is adjusted for
weather. The weather adjustment is automatically — Columns K–L (Table 1(b)): the energy bench-
carried out within the approved software, using marks expressed as kW·h/m2for electricity and for
the relevant degree-day data for the assessment fossil-thermal energy.
period.
— Columns M–O (Table 1(b)): CO benchmarks
2
obtained from the energy benchmarks, expressed
— Occupancy adjustment: Buildings which are
as kgCO /m2for the two fuels and the total. These
occupied for long periods are likely to use more 2
are calculated from the energy benchmarks with
energy than those occupied for shorted periods.
the CO intensity factors shown in Table 3 and are
Where valid and verifiable data for occupancy 2
illustrative and not to be considered as funda-
duration is available, the benchmark may be
mental benchmark data.
adjusted. The occupancy adjustment is carried out
within the software if the assessor enters — Columns P–R (Table 1(b)): the building size
confirmed annual occupied hours greater than the measurement or metric; generally the building is
standard values for the benchmark building as set to be measured as gross floor area (the gross
out in Table 1. internal area (GIA) as defined by the Royal
Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS)), but in
some sectors other ‘alternate’ metrics are also
2.4 Mixed use buildings allowed such as net lettable area for offices. In
these cases a default factor to convert to the GIA is
Mixed use buildings may be split into their component provided for use by the software if the user has
uses for separate assessment of each type of use. only the alternate data.
Otherwise, a composite benchmark based on the relative
— Columns S–T (Table 1(c)): the weather adjustment
percentage of total usable floor area allocated to each use
data comprises a stated percentage, for electricity
may be calculated. For example, for a building having
and for fossil-thermal, indicating what fraction of
1200 m2 of general retail and 1800 m2 of hotel, the retail
that energy source is to be scaled by the degree-day
element comprises 40% of the total floor area and the hotel
value. See Appendix A1 for further information on
60%. A composite benchmark will therefore be calculated
weather adjustment and degree-days.
by adding 40% of the retail benchmark to 60% of the hotel
benchmark. This approach also applies where buildings — Column U (Table 1(c)): the list of separable energy
include conditioned car parks, restaurants, or swimming uses allowed for each category; no other energy
pools which can be specified by floor area. uses can be subtracted from the metered energy
use. Further conditions must be satisfied before
these separable energy uses can be subtracted, as
specified in Appendix A2, Table A2.1. See
3 Description of the Appendix A2 for further information on separable
benchmarks table energy use.
— Columns V–Z (Table 1(c)): occupancy adjustment
Table 1 is the main benchmark table. For each of the 29 is handled by defining an annual total of occupied
benchmark categories, the table contains the following hours for the building and comparing this to the
data: expected value as stated in the benchmark table
(‘benchmark hours per year’) for the category. Any
— Column A: category number increase in hours leads to an increase in the
benchmark values up to the maximum increase
— Columns B–C: category name and description
specified in the tables — intermediate values are
— Columns D–F (Table 1(a)): allocation guides, prorated. See Appendix A3 for further information
which show how a building may be allocated to on occupancy adjustment.
Benchmarking approach 3
Table 1 follows on pages 4 to 9. Table 2, see pages 11 to 13, 4 The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and
provides a list of building types showing their allocation Inspections) (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations
to the proposed benchmark categories. 2008 Statutory Instruments 2008 No. 647 (London: The
Stationery Office) (2008)
5 The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and
Inspections) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2008 Statutory
References Rules of Northern Ireland 2008 No. 170 (London: The
Stationery Office) (2008)
1 The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and 6 The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and
Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 Statutory Inspections) (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland)
Instruments 2007 No. 991 (London: The Stationery Office) 2008 Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland 2008 No. 241
(2007) (London: The Stationery Office) (2008)
2 The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and 7 Operational ratings for Display Energy Certificates CIBSE TM47
Inspections) (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations (London: Chartered Institution of Building Services
2007 Statutory Instruments 2007 No. 1669 (London: The Engineers) (2008)
Stationery Office) (2007)
8 Energy efficiency in buildings CIBSEGuide F (London:
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) (2004)
3 The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and
Inspections) (England and Wales) (Amendment No. 2) 9 Energy efficiency in offices Energy Consumption Guide ECG 19
Regulations 2007 Statutory Instruments 2007 No. 3302 (The Carbon Trust) (2003) (available at http://www.carbontrust.
(London: The Stationery Office) (2007) co.uk/Publications) (accessed August 2008)
Table 1 is shown on pages 4 to 9
Table 2 is shown on pages 11 to 12
Table 1 Benchmark categories and values; (a) allocation guides and further category details 4
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J]
Name and description Allocation guides Further category details
Category Name Brief description Space usage Operational schedule Distinguishing features Services included May be part of mixed Summary of allowable Representative buildings
use with areas below special energy uses
1 General office General office and Mainly by employees, for Weekdays and early Relative uniformity of occupancy, Heating, lighting, cooling, Covered car park, staff Regional server room, General office benchmark category for
commercial working sedentary desk based evenings density, conditions, schedule and employee appliances, restaurant trading floor all offices whether air conditioned or
areas activities. Includes meeting appliances standard IT, basic tea not, Town Halls, architects, various
and conference facilities. room business services that do not include
retail functions
2 High street High street By employees mainly for Weekdays and early Office type of activities, with Heating, lighting, cooling, Bank branches, estate agents, travel
agency agency desk based activities and evenings, commonly part retail street frontage, and employee appliances, agents, legal, insurance and advertising
off street visitors — public or all of weekend consequent infiltration and standard IT, basic tea services, off-street professional services,
area and back office glazing losses room Post Offices, betting shops
3 General retail General street retail Mainly by clients, customers Weekdays and early Basic heating, lighting, cooling Heating, lighting, cooling, High street store or local stores. Corner
and services and visitors for a service evenings, commonly part for off street premises that may appliances for small shops, amusement arcades, takeaways,
activity — some facilities or all of weekend contain a wide variety of activities number of employees hairdressers, laundries, laundrettes, dry
required for employees besides sale of goods cleaners, hire premises, indoor markets
4 Large non-food Retail warehouse or Mainly by customers for Typically week and Large, and tends to be solely Heating, lighting, cooling, Retail warehouses or shed, department
shop other large non-food purchasing goods — some weekend days used for retailing appliances for small stores, hypermarkets, large showrooms
store facilities required for number of employees
employees
5 Small food store Small food store Mainly by customers for Typically week and Greater needs for refrigeration Heating, lighting, display Food stores, green grocers, fish shops,
purchasing goods — some weekend days of goods than other shops cabinets, food storage, butchers, delicatessens
facilities required for employee appliances
employees
6 Large food store Supermarket or other Mainly by customers for Typically week and Greater needs for refrigeration Heating, lighting, display Covered car park Bakery oven Supermarkets and freezer centres
large food store purchasing goods — some weekend days; may be of goods, and larger, than other cabinets, food storage,
facilities required for used in evenings; some shops employee appliances
employees are 24/7 operations
7 Restaurant Restaurant Storage and preparation of There is a wide variety of Assumes minimal reheat of food. Heating, lighting, cooling, Cooking equipment in a Cafes, restaurants, canteens, refectories,
food which is then cooked operational schedules, food storage, heating of catering kitchen mess halls
and served to users; seating from selected portions of pre-prepared food
space for eating is provided weekdays to 24/7 operation
8 Bar, pub or Bar, pub or club Serving drinks and snacks, Open to public or Major activity is the bar and Heating, lighting, cooling, Pubs licensed clubs, members clubs,
licensed club with standing and sitting members, day and evening associated areas some office appliances, wine bars
areas for customers snack provision
9 Hotel Hotel or boarding Primarily the provision of Primarily used in evenings Provision for paid short term Heating, lighting, cooling, Swimming pool, fitness All hotel types, guest houses, motels
house short term accommodation accommodation some office appliances, a nd health centre,
and hygiene facilities laundry services r estaurant, general office
(for conference facility)
10 Cultural activities Museum, art gallery Spaces for displaying and Daytime use, similar to Activity is office like in its Heating, lighting, cooling, Municipal museums, libraries and
or other public viewing objects, with office hours but more likely requirements but with some humidity control galleries, higher education arts
building with normal associated office and storage to be open in weekends additional conditioning buildings
occupancy facilities requirements for display and
storage of artefacts
11 Entertainment Entertainment halls Large assembly and seating Mainly in evenings, some Tend to be large halls, mainly Heating, lighting, cooling Cinemas, theatres, concert halls. Bingo
halls areas, with associated daytime use. All days of used in evenings of main entertainment halls E
ticketing and snack services, week spaces, and circulation. n
for performance events Ticketing and snacks e
and films provision rg
12 Swimming pool Swimming pool hall, Swimming pool with Ranges from occasional Pool hall is the dominant space Heating, lighting, cooling Swimming pool centre without further y
centre changing and associated facilities use to daily and evening use — may have small café and of all spaces. Office sports facilities b
ancillaries fitness room appliances, showers, snack e
provision and bar n
13 Fitness and health Fitness centre Fitness, aerobics, dance and Typically daily and Provision of sports and Heating, lighting, cooling Fitness centre, health centre c
centre solarium/sauna facilities evenings egnetneerrtaalilny mhiegnht eenqeurigpym uesnatg we,i tahn d oapf pallila snpcaecse, ss.h Oofwfiecers , snack hm
internal gains provision and bar a
14 Dry sports and Dry sports and leisure Dry sports and club house Ranges from occasional Provision of space to support Heating, lighting and Swimming pool, fitness Sports flood lighting Dry sports halls, sports grounds with rk
leisure facility facility buildings — for a combined use to daily and evening separated sporting and basic office equipment and health centre changing rooms, tennis courts with s
leisure centre include pool entertainment activities often office, speedway tracks, stadiums,
etc. lightly serviced pavilions
15 Covered car park Car park with roof Provision for car parking Weekday or 24-hour Lighting and mechanical Lighting and ventilation Office, public building in
and side walls and access ventilation when in use. central urban location
16 Public buildings Light use public and Variety of facilities and Intermittent usage Lightly serviced or lightly used Heating and lighting Churches, club houses, village halls
with light usage institutional buildings services provided with
generally public access when
inuse
B
17 Schools and Public buildings Teaching and community Weekday usage for part Public buildings with part annual Heating, lighting and Restaurant (dining hall), Primary and secondary schools, e
seasonal public nominally used for activities of the year occupancy basic office equipment, swimming pool nurseries, creches, youth centres and n
buildings part of the year teaching equipment, community centres c
computers h
18 University University campus Lecture theatres, offices, Weekdays and evenings Large floor space and variety of Heating, lighting, cooling, Laboratory, restaurant Furnace or forming process Typical campus mix for further and m
campus workshops, eating places, activities office and teaching higher education universities and a
laboratories and other equipment colleges rk
activities s
19 Clinic Health centres, clinics Provision of primary health Usually week days and Daytime use, essentially office Heating, lighting, cooling, Doctors surgeries, health clinics, t
and surgeries care early evenings hours, but needs to provide for hot water services veterinary surgeries, dentist ab
hapigpho pinutbmliecn utse, generally by le
20 Hospital; clinical Clinical and research Mainly space for medical care Continuous for the 24-hour accommodation with All services Laboratory or operating Furnace or forming process Acute hospital, specialist hospital,
and research hospital with 24-hour accommodation majority of the facility stringent environmental theatre, restaurant teaching hospital and maternity
for patients, with associated conditions, ventilation control, hospital
operating theatres, quarantine, and high occupant
laboratories, offices and servicing needs
workshops
21 Long term Long term residential Full accommodation, Continuous 24-hour fully conditioned and Heating, lighting, cooling, Restaurant (dining hall) Residential home, homeless unit,
residential accommodation including sleeping space, day serviced accommodation appliances, food and cottage hospital and long stay hospital,
time space, all domestic hot water services, detention centres and prisons
facilities, some office facilities entertainment, laundry
22 General General Space for sleeping, showers, Non-continuous Slow turnover of occupants Heating, lighting, cooling, Boarding houses, university and school
accommodation accommodation basic domestic services occupancy, often only requires fewer facilities and less laundry and drying rooms hostels, homeless units, nursing homes
used in evenings laundry than for example a hotel
23 Emergency Emergency services Offices, accommodation, Normally continuous, Provision of a variety of services Heating, lighting, cooling, Police, fire and ambulance stations
services food services, cells, garaging some stations closed in the that would be in separate food services, office and
and other activities as evenings and weekends categories in other parts of the training equipment
required non-domestic stock (e.g.
accommodation, offices and
vehicle garaging)
24 Laboratory or Laboratory or Special equipment and Either weekday or 24-hour Spaces requiring controlled Heating lighting, Furnace or forming process Research chemical laboratory, hospital
operating theatre operating theatre conditions in at least 30% multi-shift ventilation and conditions ventilation operating theatre
of floor area
25 Public waiting or Bus or train station, Public circulation or waiting Variable — intermittent to Waiting and circulation areas, Heating, lighting, cooling, Retail Bus stations, local train stations,
circulation shopping centre mall facilities continuous booking desks, boarding facilities snack services shopping centre malls
26 Terminal Regional transport Waiting and boarding Daytime and evenings each Concourse areas, booking areas, Heating, lighting, cooling, Retail, restaurant, covered Large train stations, airport terminals
terminal with facilities for air, ship or day to near continuous identification, customs, security baggage handlings car park
concourse regional/international train and baggage handling
travel
27 Workshop Workshop or open Facilities for light mechanical Generally working week Goods access, mechanical tools Industrial heating and Furnace or forming process Workshops, vehicle repair
working area (not work but can be multi-shift and facilities lighting standards
office)
28 Storage facility Storage warehouse or Storage and goods handling Continuous storage with Lightly serviced long term Low level lighting and Distribution warehouse without public
depot areas weekday or multi-shift storage areas heating in storage areas areas, and local authority depot
goods handling
29 Cold storage Refrigerated Refrigerated storage and Continuous storage with Refrigerated long term Refrigeration, lighting and Blast chilling or freezing Refrigerated warehouse without
warehouse goods handling areas weekday or multi-shift storage areas heating of handling areas plant public areas
goods handling
5