Encyclopedia of Terrorism

497 Pages·2010·6.93 MB·English

Encyclopedia
of Terrorism
Revised Edition
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Encyclopedia
of Terrorism
Revised Edition
CINDY C. COMBS AND MARTIN SLANN
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Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition
Copyright © 2007, 2002 by Cindy C. Combs and Martin Slann
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or
retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
ISBN-10: 0-8160-6277-3
ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-6277-5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Combs, Cindy C.
Encyclopedia of terrorism / Cindy C. Combs and Martin Slann.—Rev. ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-6277-3 (hc : alk. paper)
1. Terrorism—Encyclopedias. I. Slann, Martin W. II. Title.
HV6431.C65 2007
363.32503—dc22 2006015853
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for busi-
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Text design by Cathy Rincon
Cover design by Cathy Rincon/Salvatore Luongo
Ilustrations by Jeremy Eagle and Melissa Ericksen
Printed in the United States of America
VB CGI 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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C O N T E N T S
LIST OF ENTRIES
vii
INTRODUCTION TO THE REVISED EDITION
xi
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
xv
ENTRIES A–Z
1
APPENDIX
375
MAJOR ACTS OF TERRORISM, 1946–2006
383
U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL REACTION TO
SEPTEMBER 11, 2001, DAY BY DAY
425
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
453
INDEX
461
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L i s t of E n t r i e s
Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Army for the Liberation of Rwanda Christian militia movements in the
Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Army of God United States
Achille Lauro, hijacking of Aryan Nations Christian Patriotism
Action Direct Aryan Republican Army Colombia, narco-terrorism and
aerial hijacking al-Asad, Hafi z complicity, between media and
airport security Asbat al-Ansar terrorists
Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB) attack on America: September 11, Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the
Allied Democratic Forces 2001 Lord (CSA)
American Front Aum Shinrikyo conventions on aerial hijacking
Amin, Idi auto-genocide criminals, crusaders, and crazies, as
Amir, Yigal Babbar Khalsa International terrorist types
amplifi cation effect, of the media al-Badhr Mujahideen Cuba
anarchists Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich cultural terrorism
ancient terrorism al-Banna, Sabri cyberterrorism
Andrés Castro United Front Basque Fatherland and Liberty cyclical nature of terrorism
(FUAC) Begin, Menachem Darfur
Animal Liberation Front Beria, Lavrenti Pavlovich Dayak
Ansar al-Islam Beslan school hostage crisis Dayr Yassin massacre
anthrax, as a biological weapon bin Laden, Osama bin Mohammad Democratic Front for the Liberation
anthrax, attack in the United States biological agents of Palestine (DFLP)
antiabortion clinic attacks Black Hand demography
Anti-Imperialist Territorial Nuclei Black September Devrimci Sol (Revolutionary Left)
(NTA) Bombay, India, train bombings diplomatic personnel and heads of
April 19 Movement (M-19) bonuses, for terrorist success/injury state, as targets of terrorism
al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigade Bosnia, genocide in dynastic assassination
Arafat, Yasir Brotherhood of Assassins Earth Liberation Front (ELF)
Argentina, state terrorism in Canada and the FLQ Eastern Shan State Army
Arizona Patriots Carlos “the Jackal” Egypt, extremist attacks
Armed Islamic Group (GIA) censorship, of media concerning Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ)
armed militias in the United States terrorist incidents Elizabethan Sea Dogs, as terrorists
Armed Revolutionary Nuclei (ARN) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Entebbe, rescue operation
armed right-wing groups in the Chechnya environmental groups, terrorism
United States chemical weapons and
Armenian Secret Army for the Chile, state terrorism in Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement
Liberation of Armenia Christian Identity Movement ethnic cleansing
vii
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viii Encyclopedia of Terrorism
Exercise ELIGIBLE RECEIVER Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/ Kach/Kahane Chai
explosives, taggants for Bangladesh Khaled, Leila
Extraditables, The Harakat ul-Mujahidin Khmer Rouge (Party of Democratic
Extradition, European Convention Harakat al-Shuhada’a al-Islamiyah Kampuchea)
on al-Hasan, ibn Sabbah Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Farabundo Martí National Hawari Group Kim Jong Il
Liberation Front Hiroshima and Nagasaki, bombing King David Hotel, bombing of
al-Fatah of Kommisar, the
fedayeen Hisba Ku Klux Klan
Federal Bureau of Investigation Hitler, Adolph Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)
(FBI) Hizballah Kurds
female genital mutilation Hizb-I Islami Gulbuddin (HIG) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba
Fighting Communist Cells Hizb ul-Mujahidin (HM) Lebanon
15 May Organization Holocaust denial Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
First of October Antifascist Homeland Security, Department of (LTTE)
Resistance Group (GRAPO) humiliation Libya, state-supported terrorism by
France, reign of terror in Hussein, Saddam Libyan Islamic Fighting Group
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, ideological mercenaries Lockerbie, bombing of Pan Am
assassination of images, held by terrorists fl ight 103
Free Aceh Movement immigrants and terrorism Lod Airport attack
Free Papua Movement Indonesia London terror attacks, July 7, 2005
Front du Libération du Québec innocent person, as target under Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA)
(FLQ) rules of war Loyalist Volunteer Force
Front for the Liberation of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Madrid train bombings
Cabinda Enclave (FLEC) Organization Manson, Charles
al-Gama’at al-Islamiyya internal terrorism Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
Gandhi, Rajiv International Criminal Court, and Meir, Golda
general threat indicators crimes of terrorism Memorandum of Understanding of
generational differences among international terrorist congress Hijacking of Aircraft and Vessels
terrorists Interpol and Other Offenses
Geneva Convention on Treatment of intifadas (Israeli-Palestinian) Middle Eastern news outlets
Civilians during Times of War Iran millennial movements
genocide Iraq Mogadishu, GSG-9 hostage rescue
globalization Irgun Zvai Leumi in
goals of government, concerning Irish Republican Army (IRA) Montana Freemen
media in terrorist event Islamic Army of Aden Morazanist Patriotic Front (FPM)
goals of media, in terrorist event Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Mossad
goals of terrorist, concerning media (IMU) Mujahideen-e-Khalq Organization
Goldstein, Baruch Israel Munich massacre of Israeli athletes
Gray Wolves Italy, legal initiatives against narco-terrorism
Grey Wolves terrorism in National Liberation Army
Great Eastern Islamic Raiders al-Ittihaad al-Islami (AIAI) Nazi Germany, state terrorism in
Front Jaish-e-Mohammed neo-Nazis
group dynamics, impact on Jamaat ul-Fuqra networking, of groups
terrorism of Jamiat ul-Mujahedin New People’s Army
GSG-9 Japan, attack in Tokyo subway 9/11 Commission Report
guerrilla warfare Japanese Red Army NORAID
Haganah Jewish Defense League Northern Ireland
Haiti jihad novation
Hamas Julius Caesar, assassination of nuclear terrorism
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List of Entries ix
Nuremberg trials Revolutionary Armed Forces of tactical terror
Oklahoma City bombing Colombia target search teams
Omega 7 Revolutionary Organization 17 targets, hardening the
Operation Chavín de Huántar November targeted killings
Operation Dark Winter Revolutionary People’s Struggle terrorism
Operation Eagle’s Claw Revolutionary United Front terrorism, fi nancing of
Operation Enduring Freedom ricin terrorists, characteristics of
Operation Infi nite Reach right of access, of media to terrorist “successful”
Operation Nimrod events, in U.S. threat assessment
operational security right of self-determination threat/hoax, as terrorist tactic
Orange Volunteers right-wing extremism in Germany training camps for terrorists
Oslo Accords right-wing terrorism trends in terrorist demography
Ottawa Ministerial Declaration on Rudolph, Eric TREVI
Countering Terrorism rule of proportionality Túpac Amaru Revolutionary
overview of terrorism, by region Rushdie, Salmon Movement (MRTA)
Palestine Sabra and Shatila Tupamaros
Palestinian Islamic Jihad Sadat, Anwar Turner Diaries, The
Palestine Liberation Front Salafi st Group for Call and Combat TWA fl ight 847
Palestine Liberation Organization Sayaret Mat’kal tyrannicide
pathological terrorists school site analysis Ulster Defense Association
People against Gangsterism and SEAL Team Six Unabomber
Drugs Security Barrier, Israeli United Kingdom anti-terror
personal security Sendero Luminoso legislation
phases of a terrorist incident Shaldag United Nations, response to
physical security Sharon, Ariel terrorism
piracy, as a form of terrorism Shigenobu, Fusako United Self-Defense Forces of
plastic weapons Sikh terrorism Colombia
Popular Front for the Liberation of Sinn Féin United States, recent patterns of
Palestine Six-Day War terrorism in
Popular Front for the Liberation of skyjacking, international law and USA PATRIOT Act
Palestine–General Command Special Operations units of the U.S. USS Cole, bombing of
Posse Comitatus Government Venice Statement on Taking of
al-Qadhafi , Mu’ammar Special Projects Team–Special Air Diplomatic Hostages
al-Qaeda Service (SAS) Vienna Convention on Diplomatic
Qibla specifi c threat indicators Relations
Qubt, Sayyid spillover events, terrorist violence Waco, Texas, incident
Rabin, Yitzhak and weapons, conventional terrorist
Rajneesh, Baghwan Shree Stalin, Joseph white supremacist groups
random terror state-sponsored terrorism Wilmington Coup and Massacre of
rape, as a tactic of warfare state terrorism 1898
Red Army Faction Stern Gang World Trade Center Bombings, 1993
Red Brigades Stockholm syndrome Yassin, Sheikh Ahmed
Red Hand Defenders suicide terrorists Yousef, Ramzi
religion, as a factor in group surrogate terrorism al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab
dynamics Symbionese Liberation Army Zionism
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