Encyclopedia of sports medicine

1803 Pages·2010·27.83 MB·English

by  Micheli L. (ed.)

Editorial Board
General Editor
Lyle J. Micheli
O’Donnell Family Professor of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Director,
Division of Sports Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston;
Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
Managing Editor
Mark Jenkins
Children’s Hospital Boston
Advisory Board
James R. Andrews Mary Lloyd Ireland
Andrews Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic University of Kentucky
Center, Birmingham, Alabama
Mininder S. Kocher
John Bergfeld Children’s Hospital Boston
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
John C. Richmond
Arthur L. Boland New England Baptist Hospital,
Partners HealthCare, Boston Boston
Robert C. Cantu Martin P. Schwellnus
Boston University School of Medicine, University of Cape Town,
Emerson Hospital, National Center for Science Institute of South Africa
Catastrophic Sports Injury Research
Angela d. Smith
Joseph M. Cummiskey University of Pennsylvania
Blackrock Clinic, Dublin School of Medicine
Eduardo Henrique de Rose
William d. Stanish
State University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Dalhousie University
Avery Faigenbaum Faculty of Medicine
College of New Jersey
Willem van Mechelen
Walter R. Frontera Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
University of Puerto Rico Medical Center

Copyright © 2011 by SAGE Publications, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of sports medicine / edited by Lyle J. Micheli.
p. cm.
“A SAGE Reference Publication.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4129-6115-8 (cloth)
1. Sports medicine—Encyclopedias. 2. Sports injuries—Encyclopedias. I. Micheli, Lyle J., 1940–[dNLM:
1. Sports Medicine—Encyclopedias—English. 2. Athletic Injuries—Encyclopedias—English.
3. Sports—Encyclopedias—English. QT 13 E5298 2011]
RC1206.E53 2011
617.1′02703—dc22 2010023364
10 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Publisher: Rolf A. Janke
Acquisitions Editor: Jim Brace-Thompson
Assistant to the Publisher: Michele Thompson
Developmental Editor: Sanford Robinson
Reference Systems Coordinator: Laura Notton
Reference Systems Manager: Leticia M. Gutierrez
Production Editor: Kate Schroeder
Copy Editors: QuAdS Prepress (P) Ltd.
Typesetter: C&M digitals (P) Ltd.
Proofreaders: Kristin Bergstad, Scott Oney, Christina West
Indexer: Virgil diodato
Cover Designer: Gail Buschman
DISCLAIMER: All information contained in the Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine is intended only for informational and educational
purposes. The information is not intended to diagnose medical problems, prescribe remedies for illness, or treat disease. We
recommend that you always seek the advice of a healthcare professional with respect to any medical condition, illness or disease.
Contents
List of Entries vii
Reader’s Guide xv
About the Editor xxiii
About the Advisory Board xxv
Contributors xxxi
Introduction xli
Entries
A 1 M 833
B 133 N 969
C 213 O 995
D 347 P 1025
E 395 Q 1191
F 487 R 1199
G 577 S 1251
H 617 T 1439
I 693 U 1517
J 729 V 1527
K 749 W 1535
L 797 Y 1571
Glossary 1581
Appendix A. Taping and Bracing Techniques 1603
Appendix B. Organizations 1641
Index 1649

List of Entries
Abdominal Injuries Ankle Support
Abrasions and Lacerations Anorexia Nervosa
Accessory Navicular Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Achilles Bursitis Apophysitis
Achilles Tendinitis Arch Pain
Achilles Tendon Rupture Archery, Injuries in
ACL Tear. See Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Arousal and Athletic Performance
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint, Separation of Arthritis
Acupuncture Arthroscopy
Aerobic dance, Injuries in Articular and Meniscal Cartilage Regeneration
Aerobic Endurance and Repair
AIdS. See HIV and the Athlete Asthma
Air Pollution, Effects on Exercise and Sports Asthma, Exercise-Induced
Alcohol and Exercise Athlete’s Foot
Allergic Contact dermatitis Athlete’s Heart Syndrome
Allergies Athlete’s Nodules
Alternative Treatments for Sports Medicine. Athletic Shoe Selection
See Complementary Treatment Athletic Trainers
Altitude Sickness Atlantoaxial Instability
Amenorrhea in Athletes Attention Focus in Sports
American College of Sports Medicine Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Avulsion Fractures
American Orthopaedic Society Ayurvedic Medicine. See Complementary
for Sports Medicine Treatment
American Osteopathic Academy of
Sports Medicine Back Injuries, Surgery for
Anabolic Steroids Badminton, Injuries in
Anaphylaxis, Exercise-Induced Baker Cyst. See Cyst, Baker
Anatomy and Sports Medicine Baseball, Injuries in
Anemia Basketball, Injuries in
Anger and Violence in Sports Benefits of Exercise and Sports
Angioedema and Anaphylaxis Beta Agonists
Ankle, Osteochondritis dissecans of the Beta Blockers
Ankle Fracture Biceps Tendinitis
Ankle Impingement Biceps Tendon Rupture
Ankle Injuries Biking, Injuries in
Ankle Instability Bioenergetics of Exercise and Training
Ankle Instability, Chronic Biofeedback
Ankle Sprain Biomechanics in Sports Medicine
vii
viii List of Entries
Black Nail Circuit Training
Bleeding disorders Clavicle (Collarbone) Fracture
Blisters Cold Injuries and Hypothermia
Blood Transfusion Colles Fracture
Blood-Borne Infections Common Cold. See Infectious diseases in Sports
Body Composition (Body Mass Index) Medicine
Bowel Injury Compartment Syndrome, Anterior
Bowlegs (Genu Varum) Complementary Treatment
Boxing, Injuries in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Bracing Concussion
British Association of Sport and Conditioning
Exercise Medicine Congenital Heart disease
Bruised Foot Contusions (Bruises)
Bruised Ribs Core Strength
Bulimia Nervosa Corns
Bunions Costosternal Syndrome (Costochondritis)
Burnout in Sports Coxa Saltaris. See Snapping Hip Syndrome
Bursitis Cramping
Craniofacial Injuries
Caffeine and Exercise Creatine
Calcium in the Athlete’s diet Credentialing for Team Physicians
Calf Strain Cricket, Injuries in
Calluses Cross-Training
Cannabinoids Crutches, How to Use
Carbohydrates in the Athlete’s diet Cryotherapy
Cardiac Injuries (Commotio Cordis, Cycling Injuries. See Biking, Injuries in
Myocardial Contusion) Cyst, Baker
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Anatomy and Cyst, Ganglion
Physiology: Responses to Exercise
Careers in Sports Medicine dance Injuries and dance Medicine
Carpal Fractures de Quervain disease. See Wrist Tendinopathy
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome deep Heat: Ultrasound, diathermy
Casting and Immobilization dehydration
Catastrophic Injuries dental Injuries
Cervical and Thoracic disk disease dermatology in Sports
Cervical and Thoracic Fractures and detached Retina
Traumatic Instability detraining (Reversibility)
Cervical and Thoracic Spine Injuries diabetes in the Young Athlete
Cervical Brachialgia diabetes Mellitus
Cervical disk degeneration diarrhea
Cervical Facet Syndrome dietary Supplements and Vitamins
Cervical Nerve Stretch Syndrome dietitian/Sports Nutritionist
Charley Horse. See Muscle Cramps diffuse Axonal Injury
Cheerleading, Injuries in discoid Meniscus
Chest and Chest Wall Injuries diuretics
Chiropractic. See Complementary Treatment; diversity in Sports
Manual Medicine doping and Performance Enhancement:
Cholinergic Urticaria A New definition
Chondromalacia Patella doping and Performance Enhancement:
Circadian Rhythms and Exercise Historical Overview
List of Entries ix
doping and Performance Enhancement: Olympic Femoroacetabular Impingement
Games From 2004 to 2008 Fever
dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (dEXA) Field Hockey, Injuries in
dysmenorrhea Fieldside Assessment and Triage
Figure Skating, Injuries in
Ear Infection, Outer (Otitis Externa) Finger dislocation
Ear Injuries Finger Fractures: Bennett Fracture, Boxer’s
Eating disorders Fracture
Elbow, Osteochondritis dissecans of the Finger Fractures: Overview
Elbow and Forearm Injuries Finger Sprain
Elbow and Forearm Injuries, Surgery for Fitness Instructor. See Group Fitness Instructor
Elbow Bursitis Fitness Testing
Elbow dislocations Flat Feet (Pes Planus)
Elbow Fractures Foot and Ankle Injuries, Surgery for
Elbow Sprain Foot Fracture
Electrical Stimulation Foot Injuries
Electromyography Foot Stress Fracture
Electrotherapy Football, Injuries in
Emergency Medicine and Sports Forearm Fracture
Epicondylitis Fractures
Epidemiology of Sports Injuries Fractures, Avulsion. See Avulsion Fractures
Epidural Hematoma Friction Injuries to the Skin
Epstein-Barr Virus, Infectious Mononucleosis, Frostbite and Frost Nip
and Splenomegaly Frozen Shoulder
Equestrianism. See Horse Riding, Injuries in Functionally One-Eyed Athlete
Erythropoietin Fungal Skin Infections and Parasitic Infestations
Exercise Addiction/Overactivity disorders Future directions in Sports Medicine
Exercise and disease Prevention
Exercise and Heart Murmurs Ganglion Cyst. See Cyst, Ganglion
Exercise and Mitral Valve Prolapse Gastrointestinal Problems
Exercise during Pregnancy and Postpartum Gender and Age differences in Response to
Exercise Physiologist Training
Exercise Physiology General Practitioner. See Family doctor
Exercise Prescription Genitourinary Injuries
Exercise Programs Glenohumeral Instability. See Shoulder Instability
Exertional Compartment Syndrome, Chronic Glenoid Labrum Tear
Extensor Mechanism Injury Gluteal Strain
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Glycolysis. See Krebs Cycle and Glycolysis
Extreme Sports, Injuries in Golf, Injuries in
Exzema. See Skin disorders, Metabolic Groin Pain
Eye Injuries Groin Strain
Groin Tendinitis
Facial Injuries Groin/Inguinal Hernia
Family doctor Group Fitness Instructor
Fat in the Athlete’s diet Growth Hormone
Female Athlete Gymnastics, Injuries in
Female Athlete Triad
Femoral Anteversion (Turned-In Hips) Hammertoe
Femoral Fracture. See Thighbone Fracture Hamstring Strain
Femoral Neck Stress Fracture Hand and Finger Injuries