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Encyclopedia of Painting PDF

518 Pages·1981·122.739 MB·English
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: entries European American Oriental Prehistoric Aegean Byzantine Etruscan Egyptian Gothic Greek Roman, etc. ENCYCLOPEDIA of Paintin Painters and Painting of the World from Prehistoric Times to the Present Day Fourth Revised Edition 13 5lvr 1000 A^\ \ \ illustrations r^K^ * I ^^^i with JiJdi) riir' in full color MA i-\i. i -.-»-».. t>k^ __ ISBN 0-517-53880-6 $19.95 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PAINTING Painters and Paintings ofthe World from Prehistoric Times to the Present Day Fourth Revised Edition Edited y rnard Myers S. forme' City Colleff'% New York Contributing Associates: MILTON W. BROWN City University of New York GEORGE R. COLLINS Columbia University BEATRICE FARWELL University of California, Santa Barbara JANE GASTON MAHLER formerly Columbia Universitv MARCARETTA SALIMGER Metropolitan Museum of Art 1,000 Illustrations, of which 220 are in Full Color 1 his large book is probably the most com- prehensive one-volume encyclopedia of the art of painting ever published in the English language. In the Fourth Revised Edition hundreds of entries from the dec- ade of the '70s have been added and up- dated. Included are such notable twentieth century painters as Blake, Corneille, Dine, Estes, Hockney, Kline, Jorn, Rauschen- berg, Schiele, Stella, Still, Tapies, Tworkov, Vasarely, Vedova and Warhol, to name just a few. (continued on bach flap) itttmm ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PAINTING ENCYCLOPEDIA of Paintin Paintprs nnr/ Pdinfina' of t/ip If orid Day from Preliislorir Tunes to the Present FOURTH REVISED EDITION BERNARD MYERS. S. Editor formeHyThe Ciry C'-.-ei-i:. Nev. \ ::.•: SHIRLEY D \n E R S Assistant Editor . . GMDtribatiiigAssociates MILT \ W B R ^ N C:v. Ur.:-.--.:;. .: N^v. Y:.rK GEORGE COLLINS R. W B E A T R I •: E E A R E L L LnivemivoiC -tiE-} JANE G A - T N MAHLER fcmirr.v L-.-.T.i'ia Lriversitv M A R G A R E T T A - A L I N G E R MetrcO'O.ivir. M-;^um of Art CROWN PUBLISHERS. NEW YORK INC.. BR BR ND30 11% Published by Crown Publishers, Inc. Prepared and produced by Chanticleer Press, New York Fourth Revised Edition, 1979 Supervising Editor, Milton Rugoff Research Editors, Donald Goddard, 1970 Victoria Thorson. 1979 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-14293 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Encyclopedia of painting. — — 1. Painting Dictionaries. 2. Painters Biography. L Myers, Bernard Samuel, 1908- II. Myers, Shirley D. ND30.E5 1979 750'.3 79-14293 ISBN 0-517-53880-6 AU rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, re- cording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Inquiries should be addressed to: Crown Pubhshers, Inc., One Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 Printed in Hong Kong by South ChinaPrinting Co Ltd. — PREFACE JTREPARING a one-volume encyclopedia on any subject accentuates the usual problem of how far to go and where to stop, how to maintain a balance between the essential facts and effectiveness of presentation. Within the number of words and illustrations prescribed by the aim of producing a portable and not too costly volume we have tried to give an all-over picture of the outstanding painters, movements, styles and techniques from the most ancient times to the present day. The editor and contributing associates to this volume have attempted also to establish a just proportion between the past and the present, the purely factual and the essentially critical, the Orient and the Occident, the specifically biographical entry and the general descriptive entry or definition. Features of special interest to both the general public and the student of art include an extensive section on the Orient (China, Japan, India and Persia), a thoroughgoing but selective section on the art of the United States, and an equally inclusive coverage of the many European and other countries contributing to the art of our own times. We may note finally that in contrast to other available encyclopedias in English, the present volume is richly illustrated. The approximately one thousand color plates and black-and-white pictures relate in every case to the biographical or descriptive entries which they illustrate, although they are not necessarily keyed to specific descriptions in the text. All illustrations are in or near the entry which they illustrate. In addition, the color plates have been numbered and are referred to by number in the text. The various personalities, movements, techniques and definitions are listed in the usual alphabetical fashion, with the partial exception of the Oriental material, which is spe- cially treated because of its relative unfamiliarity to the Western reader. Here the names of the best-known and outstanding Oriental painters may be found as listings in their alphabetical places within the body of the book; these listings refer the reader to the appropriate era or dynasty within the special sections on Chinese, Japanese, Indian or Persian painters. For lesser-known Oriental names the reader may turn directly to the national entry and scan the listings under each dynasty thereof for the appropriate entry. This arrangement helps the reader find a desired name and at the same time, by grouping the entries of each Oriental culture, provides a historical survey of the painting of each country. In alphabetizing the names of Italian painters, we have followed the prevailing practice — of books on Italian art of alphabetizing such names with a few unavoidable exceptions according to the painter's first or given name: e.g., Antonello da Messina, Raphael, Michelangelo. Where the editors felt that a cross-reference to another entry was necessary, the word see in parenthesis was used, but the reader will find that almost all names or terms that figure prominently in any entry are themselves given a separate entry elsewhere in the book. It should also be noted that for many entries, especially of the general kind, e.g., abstract painting, pertinent illustrations will be found accompanying the entries of indi- vidual painters elsewhere in the book. — — There has not been nor indeed could there have been any attempt to achieve com- pleteness in a one-volume encyclopedia of this kind. It is felt, however, that the most representative and noteworthy painters in each historical era and country have been included. By the same token, it was neither possible nor desirable to list the countless representatives of the manifold art movements of our own time beyond the leading and most typical figures. To do so would have been to overweight this period to the disad- vantage of other periods. With regard to responsibility for the various contributions, this is divided as follows: Milton W. Brown: all United States painting except the most recent; Italian painters bom after 1476 exclusive of living artists; the major Flemish entries; and the general article on stained glass. George R. Collins: all Spanish painting; ancient painting; medieval painting; French painters through Impressionism; the briefer Flemish entries; and general articles on enamel, illuminated manuscripts, mosaic, Byzantine, Early Christian, Egyptian, Gothic, Greek, Ropian, and Romanesque painting. Beatrice Farwell: Italian painters bom before 1476. Jane Gaston Mahler: all Oriental painting, including China, Japan, India and Persia. Bernard S. Myers: all British entries; all Mexican and other Latin-American entries; modern European painters from the late nineteenth century to the present day; Australian and Canadian painters; Portuguese painters; and general articles, including oil painting, prehistoric painting, Jewish painting and Expressionism. Margaretta Salinger: Dutch and German entries exclusive of the modems. The considerable task of editorial supervision for the entire project was accomplished by Milton Rugoff of Chanticleer Press; the gathering of the large number of photographs in black-and-white and in color was also done under his direction. The editors also wish to thank Alan McCulloch of Melbourne, Australia, for supplying material on Australian painters; Marilyn Lutzker of New York for research assistance; Mrs. George R. Collins for assistance in manuscript revision, and Mr. Wang Chi-ch'uan for help with the choice of Chinese painters. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XHE acknowledgments for an illustrated work of this kind would be almost limitless if one were to enumerate all the museums, galleries, government agencies and private collectors who have made photographs in color and black-and-white available. Although individual picture credits are listed at the back of the book, particular mention must, however, be made of the generosity and assistance of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., the unfailing helpfulness of the librarians of the Art and Architecture Division of the New York Public Library, and the special acts of cooperation or kindness of the following: Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover; Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo; Baltimore Museum of Art; Bodleian Library, Oxford University; Brooklyn Museum; Detroit Institute of Arts; M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco; Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge; Frick Art Reference Library, New York; Hispanic Society of America, New York; Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston; Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston; Kress Foundation, New York; Mauritshuis, The Hague; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Minneapolis Institute of Arts; Morgan Library, New York; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Museum of Modem Art, New York; Museum of Top Kapu, Istanbul; National Gallery of Modern Art, Rome; National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa; National Gallery, London; Philadelphia Museum of Art; Phillips Gallery, Washington, D.C.; Prado, Madrid; Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Mass.; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam; Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; Worcester Art Museum; Aarhus Kunst- museum; Art Institute of Chicago; Cleveland Museum of Art; Folkwang Museum, Essen; Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Musee National d'Art Modeme, Paris; National Gallery, Berlin; New-York Historical Society; North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne. Also the following: Art News, New York; Babcock Galleries, New York; The Bamboo Studio, New York; Grace Borgenicht Gallery, New York; Alice Boney, New York; Carstairs Gallery, New York; Downtown Gallery, New York; Dr. Han Li-wai, Advisor to the President, Republic of China, Formosa; Sidney Janis Gallery, New York; Knoedler and Co., New York; Kootz Gallery, New York; C. T. Loo, New York; New York Graphic Society, N.Y.; H. E. Smeets, Weert, Netherlands; Wildenstein and Co., New York; Walter Bareiss, New York; William B. Jaffe, New York. Also the following: American Fund for Israel Institutions, New York; Austral- ian News and Information Bureau, New York; Austrian Information Service, New York; Belgian Information Center, New York; The Roy Bernard Company, New York, and Inter Nationes, Bonn, Germany; British Information Services, New York; Information Office, Canadian Consulate General, New York; Casa de Por- tugal, Portuguese Official Information Bureau, New York; Danish Information Office, New York; Government of India Information Services, New York; The Kosciuszko Foundation, New York; Pro Helvetia, and the Consulate General of Switzerland, New York; Swedish American News Exchange, New York. KEY TO ABBREVIATED NAMES OF MUSEUMS Antwerp Musee Royal des Beaux-Arts, Antwerp Berlin Kaiser-Friedrich Museum, Berlin Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Brera Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan Brussels Musee Royal des Beaux-Arts, Brussels Chicago Art Institute of Chicago Cook Collection Cook Collection, Richmond, England Corcoran Corcoran Gallery, Washington Dresden Gemaldegalerie, Dresden Frankfort Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfort Freer Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington Frick Collection Frick Collection, New York Guggenheim Guggenheim Museum, New York Hermitage Hermitage Museum, Leningrad London National Gallery, London Louvre Musee du Louvre, Paris Mauritshuis Mauritshuis, The Hague Metropolitan Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Modern Museum The Museum of Modem Art, New York Munich Bavarian State Art Gallery (Alte Pinakothek), Munich Naples Gallery Pinacoteca del Museo Nazionale di Napoli Nelson Nelson Gallery of Art, Kansas City, Missouri Paris, Modern Museum Musee d'art moderne, Paris Philadelphia Philadelphia Museum of Art Pitti Palazzo Pitti, Florence Prado Museo del Prado, Madrid Siena Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena Stedelijk Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam Tate Tate Gallery, London Uffizi Museo degli Uffizi, Florence Urbino Gallery Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, Palazzo Ducale Vatican Pinacoteca Vaticana (Vatican Picture Gallery), Rome Venice Academy Accademia di Belle Arti, Venice Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna Wallace Collection Wallace Collection, London Washington National Gallery' of Art, Washington Whitney Whitney Museum of American Art, New York

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