Encyclopedia of Black Studies PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Black Studies
FM-Asante.qxd 11/2/2004 6:21 PM Page i FM-Asante.qxd 11/2/2004 6:21 PM Page iii FM-Asante.qxd 11/2/2004 6:22 PM Page iv Copyright © 2005 by Sage Publications,Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information: Sage Publications,Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks,California 91320 E-mail:[email protected] Sage Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B-42,Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 110 017 India Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of Black studies / edited by Molefi Kete Asante [and] Ama Mazama. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7619-2762-X (cloth edition) 1. African Americans—Encyclopedias. I. Asante,Molefi K.,1942- II. Mazama,Ama,1961- E185.E554 2004 973′.0496073′003—dc22 2004010091 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Photo Credits and Acknowledgements All photographs are used with the permission of the Molefi Kete Asante Archives or the Ama Mazama Archives. Drawings by Eric Rivers of John Hope Franklin,Sojourner Truth,and W.E.B. Du Bois are used with the permission of the Molefi Kete Asante Archives. Acquiring Editor: Rolf Janke Editorial Assistant: Sara Tauber Developmental Editor: Yvette Pollastrini Project Editor: Claudia A. Hoffman Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Indexer: Will Ragsdale Cover Designer: Ravi Balasuriya FM-Asante.qxd 11/3/2004 3:17 PM Page v Contents List of Entries, vi Reader’s Guide, ix Editorial Board, xiii Contributors, xv Preface, xix About the Editors, xxiii Introduction, xxv Entries A-Z, 1–482 Appendix I: Chronology of the Most Notable Books, Scholars, and Events in Black Studies, 483 Appendix II:Advanced Degree–Granting Programs, 487 Appendix III: Major Journals in Black Studies, 489 Suggested Resources, 491 Index, 507 FM-Asante.qxd 11/2/2004 6:22 PM Page vi List of Entries Accommodationism Afrocentric Schools Black Feminist Thought Affirmative Action Afrocentric Social Work The Black Jacobins Africa World Press Afrocentricity The Black Manifesto African Aesthetic Afrocultural Theory Black Nationalism African Americans Afronography Black Panther Party for African Americans and American All African People’s Self-Defense Communism Revolutionary Party Black Philosophy African American Oratory American Anti-Slavery Society Black Politics African American Studies, American Civil War Black Power Conference of Temple University American Colonization Society Newark, New Jersey African American Studies:The American Negro Academy Black Power Movement First Doctoral Program Amistad Research Center The Black Scholar African American Studies: Amsterdam News Black Skin,White Masks Graduate Studies for the 21st An Appeal to the Colored Citizens Black Studies Century of the World Black Studies, City College of African American Studies:The Ancestor Veneration New York Indian Perspective Ancient Egyptian Studies Black Studies, Kent State African Burial Ground Project Movement University African Cosmology Antilynching Campaign Black Studies, Names African Dance in the United Antiracist Philosophy Controversy States Apollo Theatre Black Studies,Wellesley College African Demographics Associated Publishers Black Theology African Epistemology Association of Black Blaxploitation Films African Ethnic Groups Psychologists Blues African Liberation Day Ausar Auset Society Broadside Press African Philosophy The Autobiography of Malcolm X Brown v. Board of Education of African Renaissance Axum Empire Topeka African Studies Association Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, African Worldview Theory Back-to-Africa Movement and Abandoned Lands Africana Womanism Before the Mayflower Africological Enterprise The Birth of a Nation Capoeira Africology Black Anglo-Saxons Caribbean Africology: Opposition Black Arts Movement Charles L. Blockson Afrocentric Creed Black Athena Afro-American Collection Afrocentric Criticism The Black Atlantic Cheikh Anta Diop International Afrocentric Education Black Church Conference The Afrocentric Idea Black Codes Christianity The Afrocentric Paradigm Black Consciousness Movement Class and Caste The Afrocentric Scholar Black Existentialism Class Struggle vi FM-Asante.qxd 11/2/2004 6:22 PM Page vii List of Entries———vii Code Noir Imperialism Moynihan Report Compromise of 1850 Indigeniste Movement Multicultural Education Congress of African Peoples Institute of Positive Education Congress of Racial Equality Institute of the Black World Narratives of the Enslaved Congressional Black Caucus Introduction to Black Studies Nat Turner’s Rebellion Consciencism Invisible Man Nation of Islam Consciousness Islam National Association for the Council of Independent Black Advancement of Colored Institutions Jazz People Creole Jim Crow National Black Political Creolization Johnson Publishing Company Convention, Gary, Indiana The Crisis Joint Center for Political and National Black United Fund The Crisis of the Negro Economic Studies National Council for Black Studies Intellectual Journal of African Civilizations National Negro Congress Cultural Genocide Journal of Black Studies National Urban League Curse of the Door of No Return Journal of Negro History Négritude Negro Dark Ghetto The Karamu House Negro Convention Movement The Destruction of Black Kawaida Neocolonialism Civilization Kemet,Afrocentricity and New Deal Diaspora Knowledge The New Negro Diopian Historiography Kiswahili Movement Nguzo Saba Dislocation Ku Klux Klan Nommo Dream Team Kush North Star Kwanzaa Nubia Ebonics Education and Black Studies Last Poets Obeah Elder Scholars Letter From the Odu Ifa Emancipation Proclamation Birmingham Jail Opportunity:A Journal Enslavement Resistance “Lift Every Voice and Sing” of Negro Life Ethiopianism Lucumi Tradition Oral Tradition Ethnic Notions Lynching Organization of Afro-American Eurocentrism Unity European Slave Trade Maat Oyo Empire Exodusters Mali Empire March on Washington Patriarchy Family Marie Laveau The Philadelphia Negro Fanonian Concept of Violence Maroon Societies The Pittsburgh Courier Festivals Mdw Ntr Plessy v. Ferguson Fisk Jubilee Singers Melanin Theory Popular Traditional African Forty Acres and a Mule Messianism Religions Everywhere Freedom Songs Middle Passage Protest Pressure Freedom Summer The Mis-Education of The Psychopathic Racial the Negro Personality Gabriel Prosser’s Revolt Mississippi Freedom PUSH Ghana Empire Democratic Party Haitian Revolution Montgomery Bus Boycott Rastafarianism Highlander Folk School Moorish Science Temple of Reconstruction Hip-Hop America Red Summer FM-Asante.qxd 11/2/2004 6:22 PM Page viii viii———Encyclopedia of Black Studies Reggae Spirituals U.S. Constitution, Fourteenth Reparations Stolen Legacy Amendment Republic of New Afrika Stono Rebellion U.S. Constitution, Fifteenth Revolutionary Action Movement Amendment Ring Shout Talented Tenth Root Doctor Temple Circle Vesey’s Conspiracy Their Eyes Were Watching God Vodu Sankofa They Came Before Columbus Santería Third World Press Watts Prophets Schomburg Center for Research Two Cradle Theory Watts Rebellion of 1965 in Black Culture Westernization Scottsboro Case Umfundalai The World Conference Against Slave Route Underground Railroad Racism, Racial Discrimination, Songhay Empire Universal Negro Improvement Xenophobia and Related Soul Association Intolerance The Souls of Black Folk Us The Wretched of the Earth Southern Christian Leadership U.S. Constitution,Thirteenth Conference Amendment Yoruba Tradition FM-Asante.qxd 11/2/2004 6:22 PM Page ix Reader’s Guide This list is provided to assist readers in locating entries Institutions, Intellectual Schools, Journals, Legal on related topics. It classifies entries into 30 Issues, Movements, Newspapers, Political Issues, categories: African American Studies Afrocentricity, Professional Organizations, Publishers, Racism, Annual Conferences,Anti-Racism,Arts,Associations Religion, Reparations, Research Centers, Resistance, and Organizations, Books, Campus Politics, Civil Theories, United States Constitution. Some entries Rights, Classical Africa, Concepts, Culture, Films, may appear in more than one category. AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES Council of Independent Black Jazz Institutions The Karamu House African American Studies, National Council for Black Last Poets Temple University Studies Oral Tradition African American Studies: Reggae The First Doctoral Program Ring Shout African American Studies: ANTI-RACISM Spirituals Graduate Studies for the American Anti-slavery Society Umfundalai 21st Century Antilynching Campaign Watts Prophets African American Studies: Antiracist Philosophy The Indian Perspective Black Consciousness Movement ASSOCIATIONS AND Freedom Summer ORGANIZATIONS Highlander Folk School AFROCENTRICITY March on Washington American Colonization Society Afrocentric Creed Protest Pressure American Negro Academy Afrocentric Criticism Association of Black Afrocentric Education Psychologists ARTS The Afrocentric Idea Ausar Auset Society The Afrocentric Paradigm African Aesthetic Black Panther Party for The Afrocentric Scholar African American Oratory Self-Defense Afrocentric Schools African Dance in the Institute of Positive Education Afrocentric Social Work United States Institute of the Black World Afrocentricity Apollo Theatre National Association Afrocultural Theory Black Arts Movement for the Advancement Afronography Blaxploitation Films of Colored People Blues National Black United Fund Capoeira National Urban League ANNUAL CONFERENCES Fisk Jubilee Singers Organization of Afro-American Cheikh Anta Diop International Freedom Songs Unity Conference Hip-Hop PUSH ix FM-Asante.qxd 11/2/2004 6:22 PM Page x x———Encyclopedia of Black Studies Southern Christian Black Studies, Kent State Talented Tenth Leadership Conference University Westernization Universal Negro Black Studies, Names Improvement Association Controversy CULTURE Us Black Studies,Wellesley African Americans College African Burial Ground Project BOOKS Ancestor Veneration CIVIL RIGHTS Ebonics The Afrocentric Idea Festivals The Afrocentric Paradigm Congress of Racial Equality Fisk Jubilee Singers Afrocentricity Congressional Black Caucus Freedom Songs An Appeal to the Colored Citizens National Association Hip-Hop of the World for the Advancement Jazz The Autobiography of Malcolm X of Colored People Kwanzaa Before the Mayflower National Negro Congress Last Poets Black Athena National Urban League Nommo The Black Atlantic Nguzo Saba Black Feminist Thought CLASSICAL AFRICA “Lift Every Voice and Sing” The Black Jacobins Reggae Black Skin,White Masks Diopian Historiography Spirituals Code Noir Ghana Watts Prophets The Crisis of the Negro Kush Intellectual Mdw Ntr FILMS Dark Ghetto Two Cradle Theory The Destruction of Black The Birth of a Nation Civilization Ethnic Notions CONCEPTS Introduction to Black Studies Sankofa Invisible Man Affirmative Action Kemet,Afrocentricity and African Americans INSTITUTIONS Knowledge and American Communism Letter From the Birmingham Jail African Cosmology Black Church The Mis-Education of the African Epistemology Family Negro African Philosophy Kwanzaa The New Negro Africological Enterprise Patriarchy Odu Ifa Class and Caste The Philadelphia Negro Consciousness INTELLECTUAL SCHOOLS The Psychopathic Racial Creolization Accommodationism Personality Diaspora Dream Team The Souls of Black Folk Dislocation Elder Scholars Stolen Legacy Ethiopianism Kawaida Their Eyes Were Watching God Eurocentrism Temple Circle They Came Before Columbus Fanonian Concept of Violence The Wretched of the Earth Imperialism JOURNALS Maat Messianism The Black Scholar CAMPUS POLITICS Multicultural Education The Crisis African American Studies, Nommo Journal of African Civilizations Temple University Protest Pressure Journal of Black Studies Black Studies, City College Rastafarianism Journal of Negro History of New York Soul Opportunity
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