Emergency lighting design guide

72 Pages·2006·3.09 MB·English

by  Claire J. Creutzfeldt

Lighting Guide 12:
Emergency lighting design guide
222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS, UK
Tel: [phone]. Fax: [phone]. e-mail:
This document is based on the best knowledge available at the time of publication.
However, no responsibility of any kind for any injury, death, loss, damage or delay
however caused resulting from the use of these recommendations can be accepted
by the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, the Society of Light
and Lighting, the authors or others involved in its publication. In adopting these
recommendations for use each adopter by doing so agrees to accept full responsi-
bility for any personal injury, death, loss, damage or delay arising out of or in con-
nection with their use by or on behalf of such adopter irrespective of the cause or
reason therefore and agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Chartered
Institution of Building Services Engineers, the Society of Light and Lighting, the
authors and others involved in their publication from any and all liability arising
out of or in connection with such use as aforesaid and irrespective of any negli-
gence on the part of those indemnified.
Note from the publisher
This publication is primarily intended to give guidance. It is not intended to be
exhaustive or definitive, and it will be necessary for users of the guidance given to
exercise their own professional judgement when deciding whether to abide by or
depart from it.
The rights of publication or translation are reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the pub-
lisher.
© 2004 and 2006 The Society of Light and Lighting
Reprinted with corrections April 2006
The Society is part of CIBSE which is a registered charity, number 278104.
ISBN 1 903287 51 0
Typeset by the Society of Light and Lighting.
Printed in England by Page Bros (Norwich) Ltd, Norwich NR6 6SA
Bibliography/Glossary 53
metric data and related information LM-63-02 (New York: from the standby power source to the emergency lighting
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (2002) lamp(s), e.g. a self-contained emergency luminaire or a cir-
Eulumdat – ein Leuchtendatenformat fur den europaischen cuit from a central battery/generator connected through
Beleuchtungsplanar wiring to several escape luminaires
A.W. Stockmar Tagungsband Licht 1990 pp 641-644
Emergency mode
State of a self-contained emergency luminaire that provides
d Proposed ODPM guidance documents lighting when energised by its internal power source, the
These are to be published in connection with the Regulatory normal supply having failed
Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and made available at
www.odpm.gov.uk: Emergency mode ballast lumen factor
1. Offices and shops The ratio of the lowest light flux of the lamp observed dur-
ing normal emergency mode when the ballast under test is
2. Premises providing sleeping accommodation
operated with the appropriate battery voltage, to the light
3. Residential care
flux of the same lamp operated with the appropriate refer-
4. Small and medium places of assembly
ence ballast supplied at its rated voltage and frequency.
5. Large places of assembly
6. Factories and warehouses Escape route
7. Theatres and cinemas A route forming part of the means of escape from a point in
8. Educational premises a building to a final exit
9. Healthcare premises (responsibility of the Department of
Health) Escape route lighting
That part of the emergency lighting which is provided to
10. Transport premises and facilities
ensure that the escape route is illuminated at all material
11. Open air events
times
A small entry-level guide is also being produced.
Escape route sign
Sign directing people along escape routes towards exits
Exit
Glossary
A way out which is intended to be used at any time whilst
Combined (sustained) emergency luminaire the premises are occupied
An emergency lighting luminaire containing at least two
lamps, one of which is energised from the normal lighting Externally illuminated safety sign
supply and the other from the emergency lighting supply. A sign that is illuminated, when it is required, by an exter-
Such a luminaire is intended to sustain illumination at all nal source
material times.
Final exit
Control unit The terminal point of an escape route, beyond which per-
Unit or units comprising a supply changeover system, a sons are no longer in danger from fire
battery charging device and, where appropriate, a means for
testing High-risk task-area lighting
The part of emergency lighting provided to ensure the safe-
Disability glare ty of people involved in a potentially dangerous process or
Glare that impairs the ability to see detail situation and to enable proper shut down procedures for the
safety of the operator and the occupants of the premises
Duration
The period of time that the luminaire can continuously Internally illuminated safety sign
provide the minimum illuminance required in the emer- A sign that is illuminated, when it is required, by an inter-
gency condition. The tie is specified in hours nal source
Emergency exit IP number (ingress protection)
An exit that is intended to be used only during an emergency A two-digit number associated with a luminaire. The first
digit classifies the degree of protection the luminaire pro-
Emergency lighting vides against the ingress of solid foreign bodies. The second
Lighting provided for use when the supply to the normal digit classifies the degree of protection the luminaire pro-
lighting fails vides against the ingress of moisture
Emergency lighting system Maintained emergency lighting
A complete but discrete emergency lighting installation A lighting system in which all emergency lighting lamps
54 Lighting Guide 12: Emergency lighting design guide
are in operation at all material times rated duration of the emergency mode, the lamp under test
being operated with the appropriate ballast and battery and
Material times after specified ageing and charging conditions of the battery.
Times during which the emergency lighting is required to
be illuminated, e.g. at all times that persons are on the Remote inhibiting mode
premises, or at the times the main lighting is not available, The state of a self-contained emergency luminaire that is
according to the regulations, conditions of certificate or inhibited from operating by a remote device while the nor-
licence as appropriate mal supply is on, and in case of a normal supply failure the
luminaire does not changeover to emergency mode
Means of escape
Structural means whereby safe routes are provided for per-
Rest mode
sons to travel from any place within a premises to a place of
State of a self-contained emergency luminaire that has been
safety
intentionally extinguished while the normal supply is off
and that, in the event of restoration of the normal supply,
Non-maintained emergency lighting
automatically reverts to normal mode
A lighting system in which all the emergency lighting
lamps are in operation only when the supply to the normal
Safety sign
lighting fails
Sign that gives a general safety message, by means of a com-
bination of a safety colour and a geometric shape and
Normal/general lighting
which, by the inclusion of a graphical symbol, gives a par-
All permanently installed electric lighting operating from
ticular safety meaning
the normal supply which, in the absence of adequate day-
light, is intended for use during the whole time the prem-
Self-contained emergency luminaire
ises are occupied
A luminaire providing maintained or non-maintained
emergency lighting in which all the elements, such as the
Normal mode
battery, the lamp, the control unit and the test and monitor-
The state of a self-contained emergency luminaire that is ready to
ing facilities, where provided, are contained within the
operate in emergency mode while the normal supply is on. In case
luminaire or adjacent to it (that is, within 1m)
of a normal supply failure, the self-contained luminaire automati-
cally changes over to the emergency mode
Slave luminaire/Centrally supplied emergency luminaire
Luminaire supplied from a central emergency power source
Normal supply
and not having its own internal secondary supply
That source of electrical energy used to provide normal
lighting
Standby lighting
Open area lighting/Anti-panic lighting That part of emergency lighting that may be provided to
That part of emergency escape lighting provided to avoid enable normal activities to continue
panic and provide illumination allowing people to reach a
place where an escape route can be identified Travel distance
Actual distance that a person needs to travel within a build-
Practical emergency lamp flux ing to the nearest exit, allowing for the layout of walls, par-
The lowest luminous flux of the lamp observed during the titions and fittings
50 Lighting Guide 12: Emergency lighting design guide
Heritage/Scottish Office. (Norwich: The Stationery Office)
References
(1997) (see note above)
Note that the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 was
17 Fire safety in construction work. Guidance for clients, design-
approved by Parliament on 7 June 2005 and should have come
ers and those managing and carrying out construction work
into force on 1 April 2006. This has now been postponed to 1
involving significant fire risks. HSG 168 (Sudbury: HSE
October 2006 by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Subordinate
Books) (1997)
Provisions) Order 2006. When it comes into force the 1971 Fire
Precautions Act will be repealed and the Fire Precautions 18 The Fire Precautions (Sub-surface Railway Stations)
(Workplace) Regulations 1997 will be revoked. As a result, various Regulations 1989. SI 1989 no 1401 (Norwich: the Stationery
provisions of References 9 and 18 will change or be abolished. The Office Ltd) (1989) (see note above)
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister intends to publish a series of 19 Railway safety principles and guidance. Parts 108, H–G 153
guides. These are listed at the end of the Bibliography. In addi- (Sudbury: HSE Books) (1996 and 1997)
tion, References 13 and 16 will become obsolete and may well be
20 ISO 6309 Fire protection – safety signs (Geneva: International
replaced by new guidance, though information was not available
Standards Organisation) (1987)
at the time of going to press.
21 BS 5266-1 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for the emer-
gency lighting of premises (London: British Standards
1 Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the Institution) (2005)
approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provi-
22 BSEN 12464-1 Light and lighting. Lighting of work places.
sions of the Member States relating to construction products
Indoor work places (London: British Standards Institution)
(Brussels: European Commission) (1988)
(2002)
2 Council Directive 89/654/EEC of 30 November 1989 concerning
23 ISO 3864-1 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs
the minimum safety and health requirements for the work-
- Design principles for safety signs in workplaces and public
place (Brussels: European Commission) (1989)
areas (Geneva: International Standards Organisation) (2002)
3 Council Directive 92/58/EEC of 24 June 1992 on the minimum
24 Code for Lighting (London: CIBSE/Society of Light and
requirements for the provision of safety and/or health signs at
Lighting) (2004)
work (Brussels: European Commission) (1992)
25 BS 5225-3 Photometric data for luminaires. Method of photo-
4 Building Regulations: Approved Document B Fire safety
metric measurement of battery-operated emergency lighting
(London, HMSO) (2002)
luminaires (London: British Standards Institution) (1982) (to
5 The Building (Scotland) Act 2003; Technical Handbook: be replaced by BSEN 13032-3 when published)
Nondomestic. 2 Fire (Edinburgh: Scottish Building
26 BSEN 13032-1 Light and lighting – Measurement and presen-
Standards Agency) (2005)
tation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires:
6 Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000 (Statutory Rule Measurement and file format (London: British Standards
2000 no 389) as amended by Building (Amendment) Institution) (2004)
Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2005 (Statutory Rule 2005
27 The photometry and goniophotometry of luminaires. CIE
no.295); Technical Booklet E Fire safety (Belfast: Northern
Publication 121 (Vienna: International Commission on
Ireland Executive) (2005)
Illumination) (1996)
7 Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997, SI 1997 no
28 Technical Memoranda 14 Standard file format for transfer of
1840 (London: HMSO) (1997) (see note above)
luminaire photometric data (London: Chartered Institution of
8 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996, Building Services Engineers) (1988)
SI 1996 no 341 (London: The Stationery Office) (1996)
29 Stockmar A W Eulumdat – ein Leuchtendatenformat fur den
9 Guide to fire precautions in existing places of work that require europaischen Beleuchtungsplanar Tagungsband Licht 1990 pp
a fire certificate. Home Office/Scottish Home and Health 641-644
Department (London/Edinburgh: The Stationery Office Ltd)
30 LM-63-02 Lighting measurements testing and calculation
(1994) (see note above)
guides. ANSI approved standard file format for electronic
10 BSEN 1838/BS 5266-7 Lighting applications. Emergency light- transfer of photometric data and related information (New
ing (London: British Standards Institution) (1999) (UK York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America)
implementation of EN 1838) (2002)
11 BSEN 60598-2-22 Luminaires. Particular requirements. 31 BSEN 62040 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) (London:
Specification for luminaires for emergency lighting (London: British Standards Institution) (various dates)
British Standards Institution) (1999)
32 BSEN 50171 Central power supply systems (London: British
12 BS 5499 Graphical symbols and signs. Safety signs including Standards Institution) (2001)
fire safety signs (London: British Standards Institution) (var-
33 BSEN 60285 Alkaline secondary cells and batteries. Sealed
ious dates)
nickel-cadmium cylindrical rechargeable single cells
13 Fire safety – an employer’s guide. Home Office/HSE/Scottish (London: British Standards Institution) (1995)
Executive/Department of Environment (Northern Ireland)
34 IEC 60896 Stationary lead-acid batteries (Geneva:
(Norwich: The Stationery Office Ltd) (1999) (see note above)
International Electrotechnical Commission) (various dates)
14 Safety signs and signals: Guidance on Regulations. The Health
35 IEC 61056 General purpose lead-acid batteries (valve-regulated
and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations (Sudbury:
types) - Part 1: General requirements, functional characteris-
HSE Books) (1996)
tics - Methods of test (Geneva: International Electrotechnical
15 BSEN 12193 Light and lighting. Sports lighting (London: Commission) (2002)
British Standards Institution) (1999)
36 Requirements for the re-engineering of luminaires for emer-
16 Guide to safety at sports grounds. Department of National gency lighting use. ICEL Publication 104 (London: Industry
References/Bibliography 51
Committee for Emergency Lighting Ltd) (2003) Institution) (1999)
37 BSEN 60924 Specification for general and safety requirements BS 5266-6 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for non-electrical
for d.c. supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent low mounted way guidance systems for emergency use.
lamps (London: British Standards Institution) (1991) Photoluminescent systems (London: British Standards
38 BSEN 60925 Specification for performance requirements for Institution) (1999)
d.c. supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps BS 5266-7 Lighting applications. Emergency lighting (London:
(London: British Standards Institution) (1991) British Standards Institution) (1999) (dual numbered BSEN
39 Council Directive of 29 June 1990 on the approximation of the 1838)
laws of the Member States relating to appliances burning BS 5266-8 Emergency escape lighting systems layout (London:
gaseous fuels (90/396/EEC) (Brussels: European Commission) British Standards Institution) (2004) (dual numbered BSEN
(1990) 50172)
40 BS 7671 Requirements for electrical installations. IEE Wiring BS 5499-1 Graphical symbols and signs. Safety signs, including
Regulations. Sixteenth edition (London: British Standards fire safety signs. Specification for geometric shapes, colours
Institution) (2001) and layout (London: British Standards Institution) (2002)
41 BSEN 60598 Luminaires (London: British Standards BS 5499-2 Fire safety signs, notices and graphic symbols.
Institution) (various dates) Specification for self-luminous fire safety signs (London:
42 BS 7846 Electric cables. 600/1000 V armoured fire-resistant British Standards Institution) (1986)
cables having thermosetting insulation and low emission of BS 5499-3 Fire safety signs, notices and graphic symbols.
smoke and corrosive gases when affected by fire (London: Specification for internally-illuminated fire safety signs
British Standards Institution) (2000) (London: British Standards Institution) (1990)
43 BS 6387 Specification for performance requirements for cables BS 5499-4 Safety signs, including fire safety signs. Code of prac-
required to maintain circuit integrity under fire conditions tice for escape route signing (London: British Standards
(London: British Standards Institution) (1994) Institution) (2000)
44 IEC 60364: Electrical installations of buildings. Part 5-52: BS 5499-5 Graphical symbols and signs. Safety signs, including
Selection and erection of electrical equipment. Wiring systems fire safety signs. Signs with specific safety meanings (London:
(Geneva: International Electrotechnical Commission) (2001) British Standards Institution) (2002)
45 BS 7698-8: Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven BS 6387 Specification for performance requirements for cables
alternating current generating sets. Requirements and tests for required to maintain circuit integrity under fire conditions
low-power generating sets (London: British Standards (London: British Standards Institution) (1994)
Institution) (1996) BS 7671 Requirements for electrical installations. IEE Wiring
46 BS 5266-8: Emergency escape lighting systems (London: Regulations. Sixteenth edition (London: British Standards
British Standards Institution) (2004) Institution) (2001)
47 prEN 62034 Automatic test system for battery operated emer- BS 7698-1 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
gency escape lighting. Draft European standard (Brussels: nating current generating sets. Specification for application,
Comité Européen de Normalisation) ratings and performance (London: British Standards
48 BS 667: 2005 Illuminance meters. Requirements and test meth- Institution) (1993)
ods (London: British Standards Institution) (2005) BS 7698-2 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
nating current generating sets. Specification for engines
(London: British Standards Institution) (1993)
Bibliography BS 7698-3 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
nating current generating sets. Specification for alternating
a Standards current generators for generating sets (London: British
BS 667 Illuminance meters. Requirements and test methods Standards Institution) (1993)
(London: British Standards Institution) (2005) BS 7698-4 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
BS 5225-3 Photometric data for luminaires. Method of photomet- nating current generating sets. Specification for controlgear
ric measurement of battery-operated emergency lighting and switchgear (London: British Standards Institution)
luminaires (London: British Standards Institution) (1982) (1993)
BS 5266-1 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for the emer- BS 7698-5 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
gency lighting of premises (London: British Standards nating current generating sets. Specification for generating
Institution) (20059) sets (London: British Standards Institution) (1993)
BS 5266-2 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for electrical low BS 7698-6 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
mounted way guidance systems for emergency use (London: nating current generating sets. Test methods (London: British
British Standards Institution) (1998) Standards Institution) (1993)
BS 5266-3 Emergency lighting. Specification for small power BS 7698-7 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
relays (electromagnetic) for emergency lighting applications nating current generating sets. Technical declarations for
up to and including 32 A (London: British Standards specification and design (London: British Standards
Institution) (1981) Institution) (1996)
BS 5266-4 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for design, instal- BS 7698-8 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
lation, maintenance and use of optical fibre systems (London: nating current generating sets. Requirements and tests for
British Standards Institution) (1999) low-power generating sets (London: British Standards
BS 5266-5: Emergency lighting. Specification for component Institution) (1996)
parts of optical fibre systems (London: British Standards BS 7698-9 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
References/Bibliography 51
Committee for Emergency Lighting Ltd) (2003) Institution) (1999)
37 BSEN 60924 Specification for general and safety requirements BS 5266-6 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for non-electrical
for d.c. supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent low mounted way guidance systems for emergency use.
lamps (London: British Standards Institution) (1991) Photoluminescent systems (London: British Standards
38 BSEN 60925 Specification for performance requirements for Institution) (1999)
d.c. supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps BS 5266-7 Lighting applications. Emergency lighting (London:
(London: British Standards Institution) (1991) British Standards Institution) (1999) (dual numbered BSEN
39 Council Directive of 29 June 1990 on the approximation of the 1838)
laws of the Member States relating to appliances burning BS 5266-8 Emergency escape lighting systems layout (London:
gaseous fuels (90/396/EEC) (Brussels: European Commission) British Standards Institution) (2004) (dual numbered BSEN
(1990) 50172)
40 BS 7671 Requirements for electrical installations. IEE Wiring BS 5499-1 Graphical symbols and signs. Safety signs, including
Regulations. Sixteenth edition (London: British Standards fire safety signs. Specification for geometric shapes, colours
Institution) (2001) and layout (London: British Standards Institution) (2002)
41 BSEN 60598 Luminaires (London: British Standards BS 5499-2 Fire safety signs, notices and graphic symbols.
Institution) (various dates) Specification for self-luminous fire safety signs (London:
42 BS 7846 Electric cables. 600/1000 V armoured fire-resistant British Standards Institution) (1986)
cables having thermosetting insulation and low emission of BS 5499-3 Fire safety signs, notices and graphic symbols.
smoke and corrosive gases when affected by fire (London: Specification for internally-illuminated fire safety signs
British Standards Institution) (2000) (London: British Standards Institution) (1990)
43 BS 6387 Specification for performance requirements for cables BS 5499-4 Safety signs, including fire safety signs. Code of prac-
required to maintain circuit integrity under fire conditions tice for escape route signing (London: British Standards
(London: British Standards Institution) (1994) Institution) (2000)
44 IEC 60364: Electrical installations of buildings. Part 5-52: BS 5499-5 Graphical symbols and signs. Safety signs, including
Selection and erection of electrical equipment. Wiring systems fire safety signs. Signs with specific safety meanings (London:
(Geneva: International Electrotechnical Commission) (2001) British Standards Institution) (2002)
45 BS 7698-8: Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven BS 6387 Specification for performance requirements for cables
alternating current generating sets. Requirements and tests for required to maintain circuit integrity under fire conditions
low-power generating sets (London: British Standards (London: British Standards Institution) (1994)
Institution) (1996) BS 7671 Requirements for electrical installations. IEE Wiring
46 BS 5266-8: Emergency escape lighting systems (London: Regulations. Sixteenth edition (London: British Standards
British Standards Institution) (2004) Institution) (2001)
47 prEN 62034 Automatic test system for battery operated emer- BS 7698-1 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
gency escape lighting. Draft European standard (Brussels: nating current generating sets. Specification for application,
Comité Européen de Normalisation) ratings and performance (London: British Standards
48 BS 667: 2005 Illuminance meters. Requirements and test meth- Institution) (1993)
ods (London: British Standards Institution) (2005) BS 7698-2 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
nating current generating sets. Specification for engines
(London: British Standards Institution) (1993)
Bibliography BS 7698-3 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
nating current generating sets. Specification for alternating
a Standards current generators for generating sets (London: British
BS 667 Illuminance meters. Requirements and test methods Standards Institution) (1993)
(London: British Standards Institution) (2005) BS 7698-4 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
BS 5225-3 Photometric data for luminaires. Method of photomet- nating current generating sets. Specification for controlgear
ric measurement of battery-operated emergency lighting and switchgear (London: British Standards Institution)
luminaires (London: British Standards Institution) (1982) (1993)
BS 5266-1 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for the emer- BS 7698-5 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
gency lighting of premises (London: British Standards nating current generating sets. Specification for generating
Institution) (20059) sets (London: British Standards Institution) (1993)
BS 5266-2 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for electrical low BS 7698-6 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
mounted way guidance systems for emergency use (London: nating current generating sets. Test methods (London: British
British Standards Institution) (1998) Standards Institution) (1993)
BS 5266-3 Emergency lighting. Specification for small power BS 7698-7 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
relays (electromagnetic) for emergency lighting applications nating current generating sets. Technical declarations for
up to and including 32 A (London: British Standards specification and design (London: British Standards
Institution) (1981) Institution) (1996)
BS 5266-4 Emergency lighting. Code of practice for design, instal- BS 7698-8 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
lation, maintenance and use of optical fibre systems (London: nating current generating sets. Requirements and tests for
British Standards Institution) (1999) low-power generating sets (London: British Standards
BS 5266-5: Emergency lighting. Specification for component Institution) (1996)
parts of optical fibre systems (London: British Standards BS 7698-9 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter-
52 Lighting Guide 12: Emergency lighting design guide
nating current generating sets. Measurement and evaluation emergency lighting use. Revised June 2004 (2004) (London:
of mechanical vibrations (London: British Standards Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting Ltd)
Institution) (1996)
ICEL 2006 Emergency lighting design guide (1999) (London:
BS 7698-10 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting Ltd)
alternating current generating sets. Measurement of airborne
ICEL 2009 Emergency lighting. Central power supply systems.
noise by the enveloping surface method (London: British
Standard and registration scheme 2000) (London: Industry
Standards Institution) (1999)
Committee for Emergency Lighting Ltd)
BS 7698-11 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven
ICEL 2010 Scheme of registration of battery cell(s) and batteries
alternating current generating sets (London: British
for emergency lighting use (2006) (London: Industry
Standards Institution) (various dates)
Committee for Emergency Lighting Ltd)
BS 7698-12 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven
alternating current generating sets. safety devices (London:
b Legislation and regulations
British Standards Institution) (1998)
Fire Precautions Act 1971 (see note at start of References section)
BSEN 12193 Light and lighting. Sports lighting (London: British
Standards Institution) (1999) The Building Regulations 2000 Fire Safety Approved Document
B1 Means of warning and escape (Norwich: The Stationery
BSEN 13032-1 Light and lighting – Measurement and presenta-
Office Limited) (2002)
tion of photometric data of lamps and luminaires.
Measurement and file format (London: British Standards The Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997. SI 1997 no
Institution) (2004) 1840 (Norwich: The Stationery Office Ltd) (1997) (see note at
start of References section)
prEN 13032-3 Light and lighting – Measurement and presenta-
tion of photometric data on lamps and luminaires. Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996, SI
Presentation of data for emergency lighting of workplaces 1996 no 341 (Norwich: The Stationery Office Ltd) (1996)
Draft European standard (Brussels: Comité Européen de
Guide to fire precautions in existing places of work that require a
Normalisation)
fire certificate. Home Office/Scottish Home and Health
BSEN 50171 Central power supply systems (London: British Department (London/Edinburgh: The Stationery Office Ltd)
Standards Institution) (2004) (1994)
BSEN 50172 Emergency escape lighting systems (London: Fire safety – an employer’s guide. Home Office/HSE/Scottish
British Standards Institution) (2004) Executive/Department of Environment (Northern Ireland)
(Norwich: The Stationery Office Ltd) (1999)
BSEN 60598-2-22 Luminaires. Particular requirements.
Specification for luminaires for emergency lighting (London: Safety signs and signals: Guidance on Regulations. The Health
British Standards Institution) (1999) and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations (Sudbury:
HSE Books) (1996)
BSEN 60924 Specification for general and safety requirements for
d.c. supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps Guide to safety at sports grounds. Department of National
(London: British Standards Institution) (1991) (identical to Heritage/Scottish Office. (Norwich: The Stationery Office
IEC 60924) Ltd) (1997)
BSEN 60925 DC supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluores- Fire safety in construction work. Guidance for clients, designers
cent lamps - Performance requirements (London: British and those managing and carrying out construction work
Standards Institution)) (2001) (identical to IEC 60925) involving significant fire risks. HSG 168 (Sudbury: HSE
Books) (1997)
BSEN 62040-1-1 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS). General
and safety requirements for UPS used in operator access areas The Fire Precautions (Sub-surface Railway Stations) Regulations
(London: British Standards Institution) (2003) 1989. SI 1989 no 1401 (Norwich: the Stationery Office Ltd)
(1989)
BSEN 62040-1-2 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS). General
and safety requirements for UPS used in restricted access loca- HSG 153 Railway safety principles and guidance (Sudbury: HSE
tions (London: British Standards Institution) (2003) Books). Note that on 1 April 2006 responsibility for railway
safety passed to the Office of Railway regulation which has
BSEN 62040-3 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS). Method of
indicated that it will continue with existing guidance, though
specifying the performance and test requirements (London:
the relevant documents appear no longer to be available from
British Standards Institution) (2001)
HSE
IEC 60364-5-52 Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5-52:
Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Wiring sys-
tems (Geneva: International Electrotechnical Commission)
(2001)
c Guidance
BSEN 61347-2-7 Lamp controlgear. Particular requirements for
d.c. supplied electronic ballasts for emergency lighting Installers lighting guide to emergency lighting. Lighting Guide
(London: British Standards Institution) (2001) 008 (Watford: Action Energy) (2003) (available at www.car-
bontrust.org.uk)
ISO 3864-1 Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs –
Design principles for safety signs in workplaces and public Technical Memoranda 14 Standard file format for transfer of
areas (Geneva: International Standards Organisation) (2002) luminaire photometric data (London: Chartered Institution of
Building Services Engineers) (1988)
ICEL 1001 Scheme of product and authenticated photometric
data registration for emergency luminaires and conversion Code for Lighting (London: CIBSE/Society of Light and
modules (1999) (London: Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting) (2004)
Lighting Ltd)
Lighting measurements testing and calculation guides. ANSI
ICEL 1004 Requirements for the re-engineering of luminaires for approved standard file format for electronic transfer of photo-
Bibliography/Glossary 53
metric data and related information LM-63-02 (New York: from the standby power source to the emergency lighting
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (2002) lamp(s), e.g. a self-contained emergency luminaire or a cir-
Eulumdat – ein Leuchtendatenformat fur den europaischen cuit from a central battery/generator connected through
Beleuchtungsplanar wiring to several escape luminaires
A.W. Stockmar Tagungsband Licht 1990 pp 641-644
Emergency mode
State of a self-contained emergency luminaire that provides
d Proposed ODPM guidance documents lighting when energised by its internal power source, the
These are to be published in connection with the Regulatory normal supply having failed
Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and made available at
www.odpm.gov.uk: Emergency mode ballast lumen factor
1. Offices and shops The ratio of the lowest light flux of the lamp observed dur-
ing normal emergency mode when the ballast under test is
2. Premises providing sleeping accommodation
operated with the appropriate battery voltage, to the light
3. Residential care
flux of the same lamp operated with the appropriate refer-
4. Small and medium places of assembly
ence ballast supplied at its rated voltage and frequency.
5. Large places of assembly
6. Factories and warehouses Escape route
7. Theatres and cinemas A route forming part of the means of escape from a point in
8. Educational premises a building to a final exit
9. Healthcare premises (responsibility of the Department of
Health) Escape route lighting
That part of the emergency lighting which is provided to
10. Transport premises and facilities
ensure that the escape route is illuminated at all material
11. Open air events
times
A small entry-level guide is also being produced.
Escape route sign
Sign directing people along escape routes towards exits
Exit
Glossary
A way out which is intended to be used at any time whilst
Combined (sustained) emergency luminaire the premises are occupied
An emergency lighting luminaire containing at least two
lamps, one of which is energised from the normal lighting Externally illuminated safety sign
supply and the other from the emergency lighting supply. A sign that is illuminated, when it is required, by an exter-
Such a luminaire is intended to sustain illumination at all nal source
material times.
Final exit
Control unit The terminal point of an escape route, beyond which per-
Unit or units comprising a supply changeover system, a sons are no longer in danger from fire
battery charging device and, where appropriate, a means for
testing High-risk task-area lighting
The part of emergency lighting provided to ensure the safe-
Disability glare ty of people involved in a potentially dangerous process or
Glare that impairs the ability to see detail situation and to enable proper shut down procedures for the
safety of the operator and the occupants of the premises
Duration
The period of time that the luminaire can continuously Internally illuminated safety sign
provide the minimum illuminance required in the emer- A sign that is illuminated, when it is required, by an inter-
gency condition. The tie is specified in hours nal source
Emergency exit IP number (ingress protection)
An exit that is intended to be used only during an emergency A two-digit number associated with a luminaire. The first
digit classifies the degree of protection the luminaire pro-
Emergency lighting vides against the ingress of solid foreign bodies. The second
Lighting provided for use when the supply to the normal digit classifies the degree of protection the luminaire pro-
lighting fails vides against the ingress of moisture
Emergency lighting system Maintained emergency lighting
A complete but discrete emergency lighting installation A lighting system in which all emergency lighting lamps
Contents
Foreword 3
1 Introduction 7
2 Legislation and standards 7
2.1 Building Regulations 7
2.2 Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations: 1997 8
2.3 The Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals)
Regulations 1996:SI 341 8
2.4 Regulations covering other areas 8
2.4.1 Safety lighting for Participants of sports events 8
2.4.2 Places of entertainment 8
2.4.3 Premises used as sleeping accommodation 8
2.4.4 Construction sites 9
2.4.5 Buildings with temporary occupation 9
2.4.6 Railways and railway premises 9
2.5 Standards 9
3 Lighting requirements 9
3.1 Specifications 9
3.1.1 Criteria 9
3.1.2 Glare 10
3.2 Safety signs 11
3.2.1 Requirements for safety signs 11
3.3 Positioning of luminaires 11
3.4 Requirements for escape lighting 12
3.4.1 Siting of luminaires 12
3.4.2 Escape route 12
3.4.3 Escape area 12
3.4.4 Fixed seated area 12
3.4.5 High risk task area 13
3.5 Standby lighting 13
4 Design objectives 14
4.1 Philosophy 14
4.2 Design approach 15
4.3 Detailed considerations 15
4.4 Integration with normal lighting luminaires 16
5 Design calculations 16
5.1 Basic data 16
5.1.1 Time-dependent factors 17
5.1.2 Service correction factors 17
5.1.3 Maintenance factors 17
5.2 Production of design data 18
5.2.1 Electronic data file formats 18
5.2.2 Illuminance curves 19
5.2.3 Isolux diagrams 19
5.2.4 Glare limit 20
5.2.5 Spacing tables 20