EMDR as an Integrative Psychotherapy Approach - Shapiro

446 Pages·2008·27.37 MB·English

E M D R A s
AN
INTEGRATIVE
PSYCHOTHERAPY
APPROACH
Experts of Diverse Orientations
Explore the Paradigm Prism
Edited by Francine Shapiro, PhD
AMERI C AN PSYCHo LOG ICAL As s oc IATION
WASHINGTODNC.
CONTENTS
Contributors .................................................. ix
Preface ....................................................... xvii
Acknowledgments ............................................. xix
Chapter 1. Introduction: Paradigms, Processing, and Personality
Development .................................... 3
Francine Shapiro
Chapter 2. EMDR Treatment: Overview and Integration ....... 27
Francine Shapiro
Chapter 3. Beyond the Talking Cure: Somatic Experience and
Subcortical Imprints in the Treatment of Trauma ... 57
Bessel A. wan der Kok
Chapter The Developing Mind and the Resolution of Trauma:
4.
Some Ideas About Information Processing and an
Interpersonal Neurobiology of Psychotherapy ....... 85
Daniel 1. Siegel
Chapter 5. EMDR and Psychoanalysis ........................ 123
Paul L. Wachtel
Chapter 6. EMDR and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Exploring
Convergence and Divergence ..................... 151
Nancy j. Srnyth and A. Desmond Poole
wii
Chapter 7. Combining EMDR and Schema-Focused Therapy:
The Whole May Be Greater Than the Sum of the
Parts ............................................ 181
jeffrey E. Young, William M. Zangwill, and
Wendy E. Behary
Chapter 8. EMDR: An Elegantly Concentrated Multimodal
Procedure? ...................................... 209
Clifford N. Lazarus and Arnold Lazarus
A.
Chapter 9. EMDR and Hypnosis ............................. 225
Stephen Gilligan
Chapter 10. EMDR and Experiential Psychotherapy ............. 239
Arthur C. Bohart and Leslie Greenberg
Chapter 11. Feminist Therapy and EMDR Theory Meets
Practice ......................................... 263
Laura S. Brown
Chapter 12. EMDR in Conjunction With Family Systems
Therapy ......................................... 289
Florence W. Kaslow, Rodney Nurse, and
A.
Peggy Thompson
Chapter 13. Transpersonal Psychology, Eastern Nondual
Philosophy, and EMDR ........................... 3 19
Sheila Krystal, John J. Prendergast, Phyllis Krystal,
Peter Fenner, Isaac Shapiro, and KaEi Shapiro
Chapter 14. Integration and EMDR ........................... 341
john C. Norcross and Francine Shapiro
Appendix A: Evaluations of EMDR ............................. 357
Appendix B: EMDR Resources ................................. 389
Appendix C: Commonly Asked Questions About EMDR and
Suggestions for Research Parameters ............................ 393
Louise Maxjield
Author Index ................................................. 419
Subject Index ................................................. 429
About the Editor .............................................. 441
etiii CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS
CHAPTERS 1 AND 2: OVERVIEW, INFORMATION PROCESSING,
AND EMDR
Francine Shapiro, PhD, the originator and developer of eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), is a senior research fellow at the
Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, CA. She is the founder and Pres-
ident Emeritus of the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs, a non-
profit organization that coordinates disaster response and pro bono trainings
worldwide. She has served as advisor to a wide variety of trauma treatment
and outreach organizations and journals. Dr. Shapiro has been an invited
speaker on EMDR at numerous major psychology conferences, including
two divisions of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the
American Psychological Society Presidential Symposium on posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). She has written and been the coauthor of numerous
articles, chapters, and books about EMDR, including Eye Movement Desen-
sitization and Reprocessing and EMDR. She is a recipient of the Distin-
guished Scientific Achievement in Psychology Award presented by the Cal-
ifornia Psychological Association.
CHAPTER 3: EMDR AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
Bessel A. van der Kolk, MD, is Professor of Psychiatry at Boston Uni-
versity, where he teaches neuroscience and psychiatry. He is the Past Pres-
ident of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and was
coinvestigator of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders Field Trial for Posttraumatic Stress. He is the Medical
Director of The Trauma Center in Boston and has been active as a clini-
ix
cian, researcher, and teacher in the area of posttraumatic stress for almost
25 years. His current research focuses on the effects of trauma on memory
processes, the relative efficacy of psychological vs. biological interventions
in PTSD treatment, and neuroimaging. He has taught at universities
throughout the world and has published widely in the field as an author
and editor, including the classic texts Psychobgical Trauma and Traumatic
Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society.
CHAPTER EMDR AND DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY
4:
Daniel J. Siegel, MD, received his medical degree from Harvard University
and completed his postgraduate medical education at the University of
California-Los Angeles (UCLA). An award-winning educator, he formerly
directed the UCLA training program in child psychiatry and has served as
a National Institute of Mental Health Research Fellow. He is currently an
Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine
and the Director of the Center for Human Development, an educational
organization that focuses on how the development of individuals, families,
and communities can be helped by examining the interface of human re-
lationships and basic biological processes. Siegel is the author of The
Dr.
Developing Mind: Toward a Neurobiology of Interpersonal Experience, which
has been used by many organizations, including the Sundance Institute,
the U.S. Department of Justice, the Vatican, and academic departments
worldwide.
CHAPTER 5: EMDR AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
Paul L. Wachtel, PhD, is CUNY Distinguished Professor in the doctoral
program in clinical psychology at City College and the Graduate Center
of the City University of New York. He did his undergraduate work at
Columbia, received his PhD in clinical psychology from Yale, and is a
graduate of the postdoctoral psychoanalytic training program at New York
University, where he is also on the faculty. Wachtel is the author of,
Dr.
among other books, Action and Insight; The Poverty of Affluence; Family
Dynamics in Individual Psychotherapy; Therapeutic Communication; Psycho-
analysis, Behavior Therapy, and the Relational World; and most recently, Race
in the Mind of America: Breaking the Vicious Circks Between Blacks and
Whites. He is a cofounder of the Society for the Exploration of Psycho-
therapy Integration and has been a member of its Steering Committee from
its inception.
X CONTRIBUTORS
CHAPTER 6: EMDR AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY
A. Desmond Poole, PhD, FBPsS, is Past President of both the British
Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies and the Eur-
opean Association for Behavioural Cognitive Psychotherapies. He is Head
of the Department of Psychological Therapies, Police Rehabilitation, and
Retraining Trust in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and is an Honorary Lecturer
in the School of Psychology at Queen’s University of Belfast. Dr. Poole
was previously an Associate Professor of Behavioural Science in Medicine
in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science at the University
of Western Australia and has also been on faculty in the Departments of
Psychology and Psychiatry in Trinity College at Ireland’s Dublin University.
He has published extensively on behavior therapy.
Nancy J. Smyth, PhD, MSW, is Associate Professor and Associate Dean
at the State University of New York at Buffalo School of Social Work. She
has been active on numerous committees of the Association for the Ad-
vancement of Behavior Therapy since 1994, including as Chairperson of
Special Interest Groups and Affiliates. She is currently President of the
organization’s EMDR Special Interest Group and has presented extensively
on relevant research parameters. She has published behavioral clinical re-
search on suicidal behavior, addictions, and dual disorders and is currently
involved in federally funded research investigating links between addiction
and trauma among addicted mothers and their children.
CHAPTER 7: EMDR AND SCHEMA-FOCUSED THERAPY
Jeffrey E. Young, PhD, is on the faculty in the Department of Psychiatry
at Columbia University and is Director of the Cognitive Therapy Centers
of New York and Connecticut. He is the founder of Schema Therapy and
has published widely in the fields of both cognitive and schema therapies;
two of his major books are Cognitive Therapy fur Personality Disorders: A
Schema-Focused Approach and Reinventing Your Life. He has also served as
a consultant on the editorial boards of journals, including Cognitive Therapy
and Research and Cognitive and Behuvioral Practice.
William M. Zangwill, PhD, is an associate at the Cognitive Therapy Cen-
ter of New York. He is Adjunct Clinical Supervisor of Psychology at
Yeshiva University and has written chapters on sexuality and on EMDR.
Dr. Zangwill specializes in the treatment of PTSD, sexual, relationship, and
family problems.
CONTRIBUTORS xi
Wendy E. Behary, LCSW, is the founder and director of the Cognitive
Therapy Center of New Jersey. She specializes in the treatment of narcis-
sism, couples, and social phobia and has given extensive lectures and train-
ing on cognitive and schema therapy.
CHAPTER 8: EMDR AND MULTIMODAL THERAPY
Arnold A. Lazarus, PhD, ABPP, is the Distinguished Professor Emeritus
of Psychology at Rutgers University and President of the Center for Mul-
timodal Psychological Services. His many honors include two awards from
the APA, the prestigious Cummings PSYCHE Award, the Distinguished
Service Award from the American Board of Professional Psychology, and
two Lifetime Achievement Awards. He has served as the president of sev-
eral professional societies and authored well over 200 scientific articles and
has authored, coauthored, or edited 16 books, including Brief but Compre-
hensive Psychotherapy: The Multimodal Way and Marital Myths Revisited.
Clifford N. Lazarus, PhD, is a licensed clinical psychologist and neuro-
psychologist with a practice in Princeton, New Jersey, where he is the
Director of Comprehensive Psychological Services. He has published nu-
merous scientific articles, book chapters, and two popular books Don’t Be-
lieve It for a Minute: 40 Toxic Idem That Are Driving You Crazy and The 60-
Second Shrink. He was honored by the Prescribing Psychologists’ Register
“For Outstanding Contributions to the Pioneering Efforts of Training in
Psychopharmacology for Psychologists.”
CHAPTER 9: EMDR AND HYPNOSIS
Stephen Gilligan, PhD, is a licensed psychologist practicing in Encinitas,
CA. Dr. Gilligan studied extensively with Milton Erickson and Gregory
Bateson. After receiving his doctorate in psychology from Stanford Uni-
versity, Dr. Gilligan became known as one of the premier teachers and
practitioners of Ericksonian hypnosis and psychotherapy. Subsequently, he
developed his own work of radical awakening, known as self-relations psy-
chotherapy. His numerous publications include Therapeutic Trances: The
Cooperation Principle in Ericksoniun Hypnotherapy, Brief Therapy (edited
with J. Zeig), Therapeutic Conversations (edited with R. Price), The Courage
to Love: Principles and Practices of Self-Relations Psychotherapy, and The Leg-
acy of Erickson.
xii CONTRIBUTORS
CHAPTER 10: EMDR AND EXPERIENTIAL THERAPY
Arthur C. Bohart, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at California State
University-Dominguez Hills and is also affiliated with Saybrook Graduate
School. Dr. Bohart coedited Empathy Reconsidered: New Directions in Psy-
chotherapy with Leslie Greenberg. He is also the coauthor of How Clients
Make Therapy Work: The Process of Active Self-Healing and the coeditor of
Constructive and Destructive Behavior: Implications for Family, School, and
Society.
Leslie Greenberg, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at York University in
Toronto, Ontario, and is the Director of the York University Psychotherapy
Research Clinic. Dr. Greenberg is the coauthor of Emotion in Psychotherapy,
Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples, Facilitating Emotional Change, and
Working With Emotions in Psychotherapy. He recently coedited the Handbook
of Experiential Psychotherapy. Dr. Greenberg is a founding member of the
Society of the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration and a Past Presi-
dent of the Society for Psychotherapy Research. He is on the editorial
board of numerous psychotherapy journals, including the Journal of Psycho-
therapy lntegration and the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy.
CHAPTER 11: EMDR AND FEMINIST THERAPY
Laura S. Brown, PhD, is a distinguished scholar and practitioner in the
field of feminist therapy. Her book Subversive Dialogues: Theory in Feminist
Therapy is considered the classic text on the topic, and in 1995 it won the
Distinguished Publication Award from the Association for Women in Psy-
chology. Dr. Brown has published four additional books and more than 100
journal articles and book chapters on feminist therapy theory, ethics, and
practice, as well as on the topics of trauma treatment, psychotherapy with
lesbians, and multiculturalism, In 1995, she was the recipient of the APA
award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Public Service and
in 1997 was the recipient of the Sarah Haley Award for Clinical Excellence
from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
CHAPTER 12: EMDR AND FAMILY SYSTEMS
Florence W. Kaslow, PhD, ABPP, is Past President of the Divisions of
Family and Media Psychology of APA, the International Family Therapy
Association, the Florida Association of Professional Family Mediators, and
the American Board of Family Psychology. A member of many journal
editorial boards who has authored or edited 20 books and over 160 articles
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
and book chapters, Dr. Kaslow is coauthor of Painful Partings: Divorce and
its Aftermath, the Handbook of Relational Diagnosis and Dysfunctional Family
Patterns, and the Handbook of Coupk and Family Forensics. Currently she
is President of the International Academy of Family Psychologists and
Chairperson of the Family Psychology Specialty Council.
A. Rodney Nurse, PhD, ABPP, directs the family program at the Boyer
Foundation (which treats people with serious mental illnesses) and was
formerly the President and Dean of the California Graduate School of
Family Psychology. Dr. Nurse edits the “Practice Enhancement” column
for the Academy of Family Psychology and is Chair of Forensic Family
Psychology for the APA Division of Family Psychology. He is the author
of Family Assessment and Personality -Guided Couple Therapy.
Peggy Thompson, PhD, is a founder and codirector (with Dr. Nurse) of
the Collaborative Divorce and Family Psychological Services of Orinda and
San Rafael, CA. She has been a licensed psychologist for 25 years and
specializes in treating children and families. Dr. Thompson is a coauthor
of Divorce: A Problem to Be Solved, Not a Battle to Be Fought.
CHAPTER 13: EMDR AND TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Sheila Krystal, PhD, received her doctorate in Experimental Psychology
at Columbia University and held a four-year Postdoctoral Fellowship at the
University of California in the Human Development Program at Langley
Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute. Since the early 1970s, Dr. Krystal has
been a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in meditation and visu-
alization techniques for psychospiritual education and healing. She has
published articles in Maturim and the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
and has contributed to numerous transpersonal psychology volumes.
Peter Fenner, PhD, was a married monk in the Tibetan Buddhist Tradition
for nine years. He lectures extensively in Australian and American uni-
versities in East-West Psychology and is the author of the book Intrinsic
Freedom.
Phyllis Krystal has been an internationally known workshop leader since
the early 1950s. She has developed a system of visualization techniques
with archetypal symbols and is the author of eight books on transpersonal
psychology, including Cutting the Xes That Bind.
XiV CONTRIBUTORS