Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores PDF
Preview Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores
Springer Series in Biophysics 18 Anne H. Delcour Editor Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores Springer Series in Biophysics 18 Series editor Boris Martinac For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/835 Anne H. Delcour Editor Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores Editor Anne H. Delcour Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston , TX USA Series editor Boris Martinac University of New South Wales Victor Chang Cardiac Research Inst. Darlinghurst New South Wales Australia ISSN 0932-2353 ISSN 1868-2561 (electronic) Springer Series in Biophysics ISBN 978-3-319-20148-1 ISBN 978-3-319-20149-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20149-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015954077 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper S pringer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Pref ace Electrophysiologists have been fascinated by unconventional channels for a long time. Nature has indeed provided to them a great variety of channels and pores that do not quite fi t with the canonical description of ion channels, such as those origi- nally described in excitable cells. When presented with the notion of “ion channel,” most of us will mentally refer to the voltage-dependent sodium or potassium chan- nels of neurons, and their relatives, channels usually found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells, often highly selective for ions and tightly gated by specifi c stim- uli, and typically constructed as bundles of α-helical transmembrane segments delineating a narrow pore. We now know that many pore-forming entities do not follow this mold, and the combination of electrophysiology, biochemistry, and structural biology has revealed a vast array of channel architectures and functional phenotypes. A quick look at a typical scientifi c program of the Biophysical Society meeting will divulge the breath of channel types that are the subject of current research. Besides the more typical plasma membrane channels, here we fi nd chan- nels and pores from intracellular organelles, bacteria, and viruses; membrane active peptides and toxins; translocons and protein-translocation pores; channels spanning two membranes like gap junctions, and even lipid-containing pores. The electro- physiological characterization of many of these is not new and has often preceded the molecular or structural data. For example, the fi rst recordings of gap junction channels and bacterial porins date back to the 1980s, while their structural investi- gations only appeared in the 1990s. Nowadays, the functional aspects of most of these unconventional pores are examined through a combination of electrophysiol- ogy and molecular and structural approaches. These channels appear as complex as their more typical counterparts, and many are extremely dynamic and highly regu- lated. Some can also be exploited as sensitive devices in nanotechnology. T his book is intended to highlight research on these interesting pores with two main goals: one is to promote awareness to the scientifi c community of the rich knowledge gathered over the years on these atypical channels and foster an appre- ciation of the value of studying them; the other is to provide the researchers in these fi elds with a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the literature on a particular channel type. In compiling this volume, I aimed for a selection of representative v vi Preface pore-forming proteins from a broad base that includes organelles, microbes, and toxins, and thus organized the book in these three sections. Additionally, a few unusual channels, which did not fi t into these subdivisions, were also incorporated in a fourth section because of their unique features. Within each section, I was for- tunate to enlist experts with a history of excellent and infl uential contributions to provide a chapter on a well-known member of this eclectic group of unconventional channels. The fi eld is vaster than what is showcased here, and replete with fi rst-rate scientists who are not represented due to space consideration, and to whom I apolo- gize. Hopefully, they will fi nd this volume fulfi lling and useful in their own investigations. M any years ago, Boris Martinac introduced me to the exciting realm of single- channel electrophysiology, and I have valued his support and friendship ever since. How often have we pondered on the abundance of “weird” – unconventional – chan- nels the natural world has to offer, and I thank him for inviting me to edit this vol- ume dedicated to these fascinating molecules. Houston, TX, USA Anne H. Delcour Contents Part I Mitochondria 1 Function and Regulation of Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Tatiana K. Rostovtseva and Sergey M. Bezrukov 2 Mitochondrial Protein Import Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Richard Wagner , David Schmedt , Patrizia Hanhart , Claudius Walter , Christof Meisinger , and Philipp Bartsch 3 Electrophysiology of the Mitochondrial Apoptosis-Induced Channel, MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Kathleen W. Kinnally and Pablo M. Peixoto 4 Ceramide Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Marco Colombini Part II Bacteria and Viruses 5 Bacterial Porins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Vicente M. Aguilella , María Queralt-Martín , and Antonio Alcaraz 6 Electrophysiology of Bacterial Translocons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Thieng Pham and Anne H. Delcour 7 Viroporins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Joseph M. Hyser Part III Toxins and Antimicrobial Peptides 8 Pore-Forming Colicins: Unusual Ion Channels – Unusually Regulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Daria Stroukova and Jeremy H. Lakey vii viii Contents 9 Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen Forms an Unusual Channel That Unfolds and Translocates Proteins Across Membranes . . . . . . . 209 Bryan A. Krantz 10 Staphylococcal β-barrel Pore-Forming Toxins: Mushrooms That Breach the Greasy Barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Jack Fredrick Gugel and Liviu Movileanu 11 Properties of Pores Formed by Cholesterol- Dependent Cytolysins and Actinoporins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Nejc Rojko , Manuela Zanetti , Gregor Anderluh , and Mauro Dalla Serra Part IV Other Unconventional Channels 12 Perforins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Robert J. C. Gilbert 13 Gap Junction Channels: The Electrical Conduit of the Intercellular World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Richard D. Veenstra 14 Amyloid Peptide Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Rustam Azimov and Bruce L. Kagan 15 From Phototaxis to Biomedical Applications: Investigating the Molecular Mechanism of Channelrhodopsins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Ryan Richards and Robert E. Dempski Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Contributors Vicente M. Aguilella Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics , Universitat Jaume I. , Castellón , Spain Antonio Alcaraz Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics , Universitat Jaume I , Castellón , Spain Gregor Anderluh Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry and Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia Rustam Azimov Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA Philipp Bartsch MOLIFE Research Center , Jacobs University , Bremen , Germany Biophysics, Department of Biology/Chemistry , University Osnabrueck , Osnabrueck , Germany Sergey M. Bezrukov Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA Marco Colombini Department of Biology , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA Mauro Dalla Serra Laboratory of Biomolecular Sequence and Structure Analysis for Health, Istituto di Biofi sica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche & Fondazione Bruno Kessler , Trento , Italy Anne H. Delcour Department of Biology and Biochemistry , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA Robert E. Dempski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , MA , USA ix
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