Electrical Systems 2 : From Diagnosis to Prognosis.

229 Pages·2020·10.429 MB·English

by  Razik, Hubert, Soualhi, Abdenour

Electrical Systems 2

Electrical Systems 2

From Diagnosis to Prognosis

Edited by

Abdenour Soualhi
Hubert Razik
First published 2020 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as
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ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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© ISTE Ltd 2020
The rights of Abdenour Soualhi and Hubert Razik to be identified as the authors of this work have been
asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019956924

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78630-608-1
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Chapter 1. Diagnosis of Electrical Machines by
External Field Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Remus PUSCA, Eric LEFEVRE, David MERCIER, Raphael ROMARY and
Miftah IRHOUMAH
1.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2. Extracting indicators from the external magnetic field . . . . . . 3
1.2.1. External field classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.2. Attenuation of the transverse field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.3. Measurement of the transverse field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.4. Modeling a healthy machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.5. Modeling a faulty machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.6. Effect of the load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.3. Information fusion to detect the inter-turn
short-circuit faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.1. Belief function theory: basic concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.2. Fault detection with the fusion method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3.3. Calculation example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.4. Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.4.1. Presentation of rotating electrical machines . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.4.2. Presentation of experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
vi Electrical Systems 2
Chapter 2. Signal Processing Techniques for
Transient Fault Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
José Alfonso Antonino DAVIU and Roque Alfredo Osornio RIOS
2.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2. Fault detection via motor current analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.2.1. Classical tools (MCSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.2.2. New techniques based on transient analysis (ATCSA) . . 45
2.3. Signal processing tools for transient analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.3.1. Example of a discrete tool: the DWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.3.2. Example of a continuous tool: the HHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.4. Application of transient-based tools for electric motor
fault detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.4.1. Application of the DWT for the detection of
rotor damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.4.2. Application of the HHT for the detection of
rotor damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.5. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Chapter 3. Accurate Stator Fault Detection in an Induction
Motor Using the Symmetrical Current Components . . . . . . . 77
Monia BOUZID and Gérard CHAMPENOIS
3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.2. Study of the SCCs behavior in an IM under different
stator faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.2.1. Simulation study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.2.2. Analytical study of the SCCs in an IM under
different stator faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.3. Extracting stator fault indicators from an IM . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.4. Automatic and accurate detection and diagnosis of
stator faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.4.1. Description of the monitoring system of the
IM operating state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.4.2. Improving the accuracy of incipient stator
fault detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.4.3. Automatic incipient stator fault diagnosis in an IM . . . . . 114
3.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3.6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Contents vii
Chapter 4. Bearing Fault Diagnosis in Rotating Machines . . 123
Claude DELPHA, Demba DIALLO, Jinane HARMOUCHE,
Mohamed BENBOUZID, Yassine AMIRAT and Elhoussin ELBOUCHIKHI
4.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4.1.1. Bearing fault detection and diagnosis overview . . . . . . . . 124
4.1.2. Problem statement and proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4.2. Method description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.2.1. The global spectral analysis description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.2.2. Discrimination of faults in the bearing balls using LDA . . 133
4.3. Experimental data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
4.3.1. Experimental test bed description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
4.3.2. Time-domain detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
4.4. Global spectra bearing diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
4.4.1. Data preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
4.4.2. Global spectra results with PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
4.4.3. Global spectra results with LDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
4.6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Chapter 5. Diagnosis and Prognosis of Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Zhongliang LI, Zhixue ZHENG and Fei GAO
5.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5.2. PEMFC functioning principle and development status . . . . . . 154
5.2.1. From a PEMFC to a PEMFC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
5.2.2. Current status of the PEMFC technology . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
5.3. Faults and degradation of PEMFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
5.3.1. Degradation related to the aging effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
5.3.2. Degradation related to system operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5.3.3. Variables used for PEMFC degradation evaluation . . . . . 161
5.4. PEMFC diagnostic methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
5.4.1. Model-based diagnostic methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
5.4.2. Data-driven diagnostic methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
5.4.3. Case study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
5.5. Prognosis of PEMFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
5.5.1. Health index and EoL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5.5.2. Model-based prognostic methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
5.5.3. Data-driven and hybrid prognostic methods . . . . . . . . . . 184
5.5.4. Case study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5.6. Remaining challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
5.7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
viii Electrical Systems 2
List of Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Summary of Volume 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203