Eleanor Ormerod LLD Economic Entomologist Autobiography and Correspondence by Eleanor Ormerod

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Title: Eleanor Ormerod, Ll. D., Economic Entomologist : Autobiography and Correspondence

Author: Eleanor Anne Ormerod

Editor: Robert Wallace

Release Date: March 11, 2020 [EBook #61597]

Language: English

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Eleanor A. Ormerod

ELEANOR ORMEROD, LL.D.,

ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGIST:

AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND CORRESPONDENCE

EDITED BY ROBERT WALLACE

PROFESSOR OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL ECONOMY

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH

WITH PORTRAIT AND ILLUSTRATIONS

NEW YORK

E. P. DUTTON AND COMPANY

31 WEST TWENTY-THIRD STREET

1904

DEDICATED

TO ALL

MISS ORMEROD’S CORRESPONDENTS

IN

ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.

PREFACE

The idea that Miss Ormerod should write her biography originated with the present writer during one of many visits

paid to her at St. Albans. Miss Ormerod had unfolded in charming language and with admirable lucidity and fluency
some interesting chapters of her personal experiences and reminiscences. The first working plan of the project involved
the concealment of a shorthand writer behind a screen in the dining-room while dinner was proceeding, and while the
examination of ethnological specimens or other attractive objects gave place for a time to general conversation on
subjects grown interesting by age. Although the shorthand writer was selected and is several times referred to in letters
written about this period (pp. 304-307), Miss Ormerod, on due reflection, felt that the presence, though unseen, of a
stranger at these meetings in camera would make the position unnatural, and dislocate the association of ideas to the
detriment of the narrative.

She then bethought herself of the method of writing down at leisure moments, from time to time as a suitable subject

occurred to her, rough notes (p. 318) to be elaborated later, and when after a time a subject had been exhausted, the
rough notes were re-written and welded into a narrative (pp. 304-321). Some four or five of the early chapters were
thus treated and then typewritten, but the remainder of the Autobiography was left in crude form, requiring much
piecing together and editorial trimming. Had the book been produced on the original plan, it was proposed to name it
“Recollections of Changing Times.”[1] It would have dealt with a number of subjects of general interest, such as the
history of the Post Office, early records of floods and earthquakes, as well as newspapers of early date. The
introduction of Miss Ormerod’s letters to a few of her leading correspondents was made necessary by the lack of other
suitable material. The present volume is still mainly the product of Miss Ormerod’s pen, but with few exceptions general
subjects have been eliminated; and it forms much more a record of her works and ways than it would have done had
she been spared to complete it. From the inception of the idea the present writer was appointed editor, but had Miss
Ormerod lived to see the book in the hands of the public his share of work would have been light indeed. Armed with
absolute authority from her (p. 318) to use his discretion in the work, he has exercised his editorial license in making
minor alterations without brackets or other evidences of the editorial pen, while at the same time the integrity of the
substance has been jealously guarded.

As in Miss Ormerod’s correspondence with experts only scientific names for insects and other scientific objects

were employed, it was found expedient to introduce the common names within ordinary or round brackets. Much
thought and care have been given to the arrangement of the letters, and a sort of compromise was adopted of three
different methods that came up for consideration, viz., (1) according to chronological order, (2) according to the
subjects discussed, and (3) grouping under the names of the individuals to whom they were addressed. While the third
is the predominant feature of the scheme the chronological order has been maintained within the personal groups, and
precedence in the book was generally given to the letters of the oldest date. At the same time, to complete a subject in
one group written mainly to one correspondent, letters dealing with the subject under discussion have been borrowed
from their natural places under the heading of “Letters to Dr. ——” or “Letters to Mr. ——.” While Miss Ormerod’s
practice of referring to matters of minor importance and of purely personal interest in correspondence dealing mainly
with definite lines of scientific research, has not been interfered with in a few instances, in most of the other groups of
letters on technical subjects editorial pruning was freely practised to prevent confusion and to concentrate the subject
matter. The chief exceptions occur in the voluminous and interesting correspondence with Dr. Fletcher, in her specially
confidential letters to Dr. Bethune, and in the very general correspondence with the editor. It was felt that to remove
more of the friendly references and passing general remarks to her correspondents would have been to invalidate the
letters and show the writer of them in a character alien to her own.

The figures of insects which have been introduced into the correspondence, to lighten it and increase its interest to

the reader, have been chiefly borrowed from Miss Ormerod’s published works; and among them will be found a
number of illustrations from Curtis’s “Farm Insects,” for the use of which her acknowledgments were fully given to
Messrs. Blackie, the publishers.[2] The contents of this volume will afford ample evidence of Miss Ormerod’s intense
interest in her subject, of the infinite pains she took to investigate the causes of injury, and of the untiring and unceasing
efforts she employed to accomplish her object; also that her determinations relative to the causes and nature of parasitic
attacks upon crops, give proof of soundness of judgment, and her advice, chiefly connected with remedial and
preventive treatment, was eminently sensible and practical. Mainly by correspondence of the most friendly kind she
formed a unique connecting link between economic entomologists in all parts of the world; and she quoted their various
opinions to one another very often in support of her own preconceived ideas.

The three biographical chapters, III., XI., and XII., were added to the autobiographical statements which she had

left, with the object merely of supplying some missing personal incidents in an interesting life. Other deficiencies in the
Autobiography are made up by Miss Ormerod’s correspondence, and the history of her work is permitted to evolve
from her own letters.

A strong vein of humour runs through many parts of her writings, notably in the chapter on “Church and Parish.” The

reader will not fail to notice the splendid courtesy and deference to scientific authority, as well as the fullest appreciation
of and unselfish sympathy with the genuine scientific work of others, which pervades all she wrote. Prominent among
these characteristics of Miss Ormerod should be placed her scrupulous honesty of purpose in acknowledging to the
fullest extent the work of others.

v

vi

vii

The work of collecting material, sifting, and editing has been going on for nearly two years, and could never have

been accomplished but for the kindly help rendered by so many of Miss Ormerod’s correspondents, all of whom I now
cordially thank for invaluable sympathetic assistance. Special acknowledgments are due to Sir Wm. Henry Marling,
Bart., the present owner of Sedbury Park, and to Miss Ormerod’s nephews and nieces, who have been delighted to
render such assistance as could not have been found outside the family circle. Besides Mr. Grimshaw, Mr. Janson, Dr.
Stewart MacDougall, Professor Hudson Beare, and Mr. T. P. Newman who read the proofs critically, last, but not
least, do I thank Mr. John Murray, whose friendly reception of the first overtures made to him as the prospective
publisher of this volume brightened some of the dark moments near the close of Miss Ormerod’s life. I have had as
editor the much appreciated privilege of drawing, in all cases of difficulty, upon Mr. Murray’s great literary experience.

In making these pleasing acknowledgments I in no way wish to shift the responsibility as Editor from my own

shoulders for defects which may be discovered or for the general scheme of the work, which was, with slight
modifications, my own. If it be said in criticism that the Editor is too little in evidence, I shall be all the more satisfied, as
that has been throughout one of his leading aims.

ROBERT WALLACE.

University of Edinburgh,

1904.

LIST OF ERRATA.

Page 70, line 31, for “Tenebroides” read “Tenebrioides”.
Page 130, line 11, for “Ceutorhyncus” read “Ceuthorhyncus”.
Page 130 in description of Fig. 14, for “Ceutorhyncus” read “Ceuthorhyncus”.
Page 144, line 7, for “importad” read “imported”.
Page 185, line 1, for “Lucania” read “Leucania”.

Transcriber’s note:

These errata have been applied to this Project Gutenberg text.

viii

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

PAGE

BIRTH, CHILDHOOD AND EDUCATION: Born at Sedbury Park, May, 1828—recollections of early

childhood—First insect observation—Girlish occupations—Education of the family—Eleanor
Ormerod’s education at home by her mother—Interests during hours of leisure.

1

CHAPTER II

PARENTAGE: Localities of Sedbury Park and Tyldesley, the properties of George Ormerod—Roman

remains—The family of Ormerod since 1311—Three George Ormerods of Bury—Reference to
“Parentalia” by George Ormerod—The alliance of the family with the heiress, Elizabeth Johnson of
Tyldesley—“Tyldesley’s” experiences during the Stewart rebellion in 1745—Descent from Thomas
Johnson of Tyldesley—George Ormerod, father of Miss Ormerod—John Latham, fellow and president
of the Royal College of Physicians, London, maternal grandfather of Miss Ormerod—Connection with
the Ardernes of Alvanley and descent from Edward I.—The right of the Ormerod family to the “Port
Fellowship” of Brasenose College.

7

CHAPTER III

REMINISCENCES OF SEDBURY BY MISS DIANA LATHAM: The Ormerod family of ten—The

father and mother and their respective interests in literature and art—Sedbury Park and the hobbies of its
inmates—Paucity of congenial neighbours—Annual visit to London—Drives and Excursions—The elder
and the younger sections of the family—Eleanor Ormerod’s favourite sister, Georgiana—Interest in
natural history and medicine—Miss Ormerod at twenty-five—Routine of life at Sedbury—Drawings by
Mrs. Ormerod—The Library—Music—Models—Separation of the family.

14

CHAPTER IV

CHURCH AND PARISH: Tidenham parish church—Leaden font—The Norman Chapel of Llancaut—

The history of Tidenham Church—Curious practices in neighbouring churches—The church as
schoolroom—Pretty customs on special occasions—The discomforts of the usual service—The choral
service on high days—No reminiscences of precocious piety—Impressions of sermons by Scobell and
Whately—Clerical eccentricities in dress, &c.—The Oxford Movement—Dr. Armstrong—Raising the
latch of the chancel door with a ruler—The woman’s Clothing Club of the parish—Lending library
instituted and successfully managed by Miss G. E. Ormerod—Her accomplishments and merits as a
philanthropist.

20

CHAPTER V

SEVERN AND WYE: “Forest Peninsula” between Severn and Wye—Ruined chapel of St. Tecla—

Muddy experiences—Scenery on the Severn—Rise of Tides—Colour and width of the river—Sailing
merchant fleet to and from Gloucester—A “pill” or creek—Salmon fishing from boats—“Putcher” or
basket fishing—Disorderly conduct by fishermen—Finds of Natural History specimens in fishing baskets
—Severn clay or “mud”—A bottle-nosed whale—Seaweeds—Fossils from Sedbury cliffs—Saurian
remains—Dangers of the cliffs.

33

CHAPTER VI

TRAVELLING BY COACH, FERRY, AND RAILWAY: Many coaches passing Sedbury Park gates—

Dangers of travelling—View of the Severn valley—The Old Ferry passage of the Severn—Swamping of
a sailing boat in 1838—A strange custom when rabies was feared—Window-shutter-like ferry telegraph
—The ferry piers—The first railways—Curious early train experiences.

43

CHAPTER VII

ix

x

CHAPTER VII

CHARTIST RISING IN MONMOUTHSHIRE IN 1839: Chartist rising in Monmouth under John Frost,

ex-draper of Newport—Home experience—Defenceless state of Sedbury house—Trial and sentence of
the leaders—Reminiscences of troubles—Attorney-General’s address to the jury—Physical features of
the disturbed area—Plan of the rising—Prompt action of the Mayor of Newport—Thirty soldiers
stationed in the Westgate Hotel—Advance of 5,000 rioters—Their spirited repulse and dispersal—
Arrest and punishment of Frost and other leaders.

47

CHAPTER VIII

BEGINNING THE STUDY OF ENTOMOLOGY, COLLECTIONS OF ECONOMIC

ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS, AND FAMILY DISPERSAL: Beginning of Entomology 1852—
A rare locust—Purchase of Stephen’s “Manual of British Beetles”—Method of self-instruction—First
collection of Economic Entomology specimens sent to Paris—Facilities at Sedbury for collection—Aid
given by labourers and their children in collecting—Illness and death of Miss Ormerod’s father—
Succession and early death of Venerable Thomas J. Ormerod—Succession of the Rev. G. T. B.
Ormerod—Miss Ormerod’s brothers—Especial copy of “History of Cheshire” presented to the
Bodleian Library—A family heirloom.

53

CHAPTER IX

COMMENCEMENT AND PROGRESS OF ANNUAL REPORTS OF OBSERVATIONS OF

INJURIOUS INSECTS: Preliminary pamphlet issued in 1877—Explanation of the objects aimed at—
Approval of the public and of the press—Changes in the original arrangement of the subject matter—
Classification of facts under headings arranged in 1881—Sources of information stated and fully
acknowledged—Adoption of plain and simple language—Illustrations of first importance—Blackie &
Sons supply electros of wood engravings from Curtis’s “Farm Insects”—The brothers Knight assist—
Accumulation of knowledge—General Index to Annual Reports by Newstead—Manual of Injurious
Insects and other publications—Notice of the discontinuance of the Annual Reports in the Report for
1900—“Times” notice of “Miss Ormerod’s partial retirement from Entomological Work,” in Appendix
B.

59

CHAPTER X

SAMPLES OF LEGAL EXPERIENCES: First employment as an expert witness in 1889—Case of

Wilkinson v. The Houghton Main Colliery Company, Limited—Form of subpœna—Rusty-red flour
beetle infestation in a cargo of flour transported from New York to Durban—Report on insect presence
—Confirmed by Oliver Janson and a Washington expert—A compromise effected—Case of granary
weevil infestation in a cargo of flour from San Francisco to Westport—Letter of thanks from William
Simpson of R. & H. Hall, Limited.

68

CHAPTER XI

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH BY THE EDITOR: Reasons for changes of residence—Intimacy with Sir

Joseph and Lady Hooker at Kew—Interesting people met there—Appointed Consulting Entomologist
to the Royal Agricultural Society of England—Insect diagrams—Serious carriage accident—Methods
adopted in doing entomological work—As a meteorological observer—Professor Westwood as friendly
mentor—Appreciation of work by foreign correspondents.

73

CHAPTER XII

xi

xii

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH BY THE EDITOR (continued): Public lectures at the Royal Agricultural

College—Reasons why lecturing was ultimately discontinued—Lectures at South Kensington and other
places—The Economic Entomology Committee—Simplicity of Miss Ormerod’s home life before and
after her sister’s death—Programme of daily work—Welcome guests—Intimate friends—Sense of
humour—Story of a hornet’s capture—Proofs of courage—Historical oaks at Sedbury—Fond of
children and thoughtful of employees—Charity—Public liberality—Subsidiary employments and
amusements—Made LL.D.—Fellowships of societies—Medals—Treatment of letters.

83

CHAPTER XIII

LETTERS TO COLONEL COUSSMAKER AND MR. ROBERT SERVICE: (Coussmaker) Insect

diagrams Royal Agricultural Society—Surface caterpillars—Wood leopard moth—Puss moth. (Service)
—Paper by “Mabie Moss” on hill-grubs of the Antler moth—The pest checked by parasites.

99

CHAPTER XIV

LETTERS TO MR. WM. BAILEY: Mr. Bailey’s letter to H.G. the Duke of Westminster on Ox warble fly

—Letter showing the destruction of Ox warbles by the boys—R.A.S.E. recognition—Annual letter and
cheque for five guineas for prizes in insect work—Looper caterpillars—Mr. Bailey’s method of teaching
agricultural entomology—Economic entomology exhibit at Bath and West Society’s Show, St. Albans—
Examinership at Edinburgh University—The royal party at the show—Cheese-fly maggot—Copies of
Manual for free distribution—Presentation slips—LL.D. of the University of Edinburgh—Discontinuing
colleagueship.

109

CHAPTER XV

LETTERS TO MR. D. D. GIBB: Great tortoiseshell butterfly infestation—Charlock weevil—Gout fly—

Forest fly—Structure of its foot—Great gadfly—Horse breeze flies—Deer forest fly in Scotland—
Sheep forest fly—Hessian fly and elbowed wheat straw—Bean-seed beetles—Millepedes—American
blight—Brickdust-like deposit on apple trees—Insect cases for the show at St. Albans—Specimens of
forest fly chloroformed—Death from fly poisoning—Looper caterpillars—Diamond-back moth—Corn
sawfly.

128

CHAPTER XVI

LETTERS TO MR. GRIMSHAW, MR. WISE, AND MR. TEGETMEIER (Grimshaw) The Red-

bearded botfly—Deer forest fly—Ox and deer warble flies. (Wise) Case of caddis worms injuring
cress-beds—Enemies and means of prevention—Moles—Black currant mites—Biggs’ prevention—Dr.
Nalepa’s views—Attack-resisting varieties of currants from Budapest—Dr. Ritzema Bos’s views—
Mite-proof currants—Woburn report on gall mites—Narcissus fly—Lappet moth caterpillars.
(Tegetmeier) Scheme of Miss Ormerod’s leaflet on the house sparrow plague—Earlier authorities—
Enormous success of the free distribution of the leaflet—Miss Carrington’s opposition pamphlet—One
hundred letters in a day received—Unfounded nature of opposition exposed, including Scripture
reference to sparrows—Fashionable support—1,500 letters classified and 100 filed for future use
—“The House Sparrow” by W. B. Tegetmeier, with Appendix by Eleanor A. Ormerod.

149

CHAPTER XVII

LETTERS TO MR. MARTIN, MR. GEORGE, MR. CONNOLD, AND MESSRS. COLEMAN AND

SONS: (Martin) Elm-bark beetle—Ash-bark beetle—Large ash-bark beetle—Galleries—Preventive
measure. (George) Mason bee—Roman coin found near Sedbury—Samian cup—The family grave.
(Connold)—Pocket or bladder plums—Professor Ward describes the fungus—Dr. Nalepa’s
publications. (Coleman and Sons) Attack of caterpillars of the silver Y-moth—Origin of the name.

169

CHAPTER XVIII

xiii

LETTERS TO PROFESSOR RILEY AND DR. HOWARD: (Riley) Flour moth caterpillars—Differences

of mineral oils—Trapping the winter moth—Orchard growers Experimental Committee. (Howard) John
Curtis, Author of “Farm Insects”—Advance of Economic Entomology—C. P. Lounsbury, Cape Town
—Sparrow Leaflet—Shot-borer beetles—Fly weevil—Lesser earwig—Handbook of Orchard Insects
—General Index—Flour Moths—Snail-slug—Flat-worm—Tick—Degree of LL.D. of Edinburgh
University.

179

CHAPTER XIX

LETTERS TO DR. J. FLETCHER: Dr. Voelcker’s gas lime pamphlet—Honorary membership of

Entomological Society of Ontario—Ostrich fly—“Silver-top” in wheat—The “Crowder”—Mill or flour
moth—Shot-borers—Progress of Agricultural Entomology—Paris-green as an insecticide—End of
Board of Agriculture work—“Manual of Injurious Insects”—Fruit-growers’ associations—Lesson book
for village schools—Entomology lectures in Edinburgh—Stem eel-worms—Miss Georgiana’s insect
diagrams—Mr. A. Crawford’s death in Adelaide—Diamond-back moth—Insects survive freezing—
Resigned post of Consulting Entomologist of R.A.S.E.—Finger and toe—Baroness Burdett-Coutts—
Gall and club-roots—Currant scale—Mustard beetle—Professor Riley.

195

CHAPTER XX

LETTERS TO DR. J. FLETCHER (continued) AND TO DR. BETHUNE: (Fletcher) Foreign authorities

in correspondence—Dr. Nalepa’s books—Silk moths—Red spider—Formalin as a disinfectant—
Professor Riley’s resignation—“Agricultural Zoology” by Dr. Ritzema Bos—Ground Beetles on
Strawberries—Timberman beetle—Proposal to endow Agricultural lectureship in Oxford or Cambridge
—Legacy of £5,000 to Edinburgh University—Woburn Experimental Fruit Grounds—Insects in a mild
winter—Index of Annual Reports—“Recent additions” by Dr. Fletcher—Proposed book on “Forest
Insects” conjointly with Dr. MacDougall. (Bethune) Proffered help after a fire—Eye trouble—Locusts in
Alfalfa from Buenos Aires—Handbook of Orchard Insects—Rare attacks on mangolds and
strawberries—Pressure of work—Death of Dr. Lintner—Sympathy to Mr. Bethune.

217

CHAPTER XXI

LETTERS FROM DRS. RITZEMA BOS, SCHÖYEN, REUTER, AND NALEPA, MR.

LOUNSBURY AND MR. FULLER: (Ritzema Bos) Stem eel-worms—Cockchafer—Root-knot eel-
worm—Black lady-bird feeding on Red spider—Eyed lady-bird—Professor Westwood on larvæ of
Staphylinidæ. (Schöyen) Explanation of resignation of R.A.S.E. work—Wheat midge—Hessian fly—
Wasps—San José scale—Mr. Newstead’s opinion. (Reuter) Hessian fly—Accept reports on
Economic Entomology—Norwegian dictionary received and successfully used—Antler moth—Paris-
green pamphlet—Swedish grammar—Work on Cecidomyia by Reuter—Forest fly—“Silver-top” in
wheat probably due to thrips. (Nalepa) Gall mites. (Lounsbury) Boot beetle—First report from
Capetown—Supplies electros for future reports—Mr. Fuller goes to Natal—Pleased to receive visits
from entomological friends. (Fuller) Experiences in publishing technical literature.

232

CHAPTER XXII

LETTERS TO MR. JANSON AND MR. MEDD: (Janson) Deer forest flies—Identification confirmed by

Professor Joseph Mik—Flour or mill moth—Granary Weevils—Shot-borer beetles—Pine beetles—
Contemplated removal to Brighton—Grouse fly from a lamb—Cheese and bacon fly—Case of rust-red
flour beetle—Willow beetles—White ants—Bean-seed beetles—Sapwood beetle—Death of Professor
Mik. (Medd) Agricultural Education Committee joined reluctantly on account of pressure of
Entomological work—Sympathy expressed with desire to improve “nature teaching” in rural districts—
One hundred copies of the Manual and many leaflets presented—Proposed simple paper on common fly
attacks on live stock—Objection to the Water-baby leaflet of the committee—Paper on wasps in the
“Rural Reader”—Retiral from the Agricultural Education Committee.

259

CHAPTER XXIII

xiv

xv

LETTERS TO PROFESSOR ROBERT WALLACE BEFORE 1900: “Indian Agriculture”—Wheat

screening and washing—Text books of injurious insects—Grease-banding trees—Dr. Fream—
Mosley’s insect cases—Professor Westwood of Oxford—“Australian Agriculture”—Text-book
“Agricultural Entomology”—Entomology in Cape Colony—Appointment as University Examiner in
Agricultural Entomology—Presentation of Economic Entomology Exhibit to Edinburgh University—
Death of Miss Georgiana Ormerod—Pine and Elm beetles—Index of the first series of Annual Reports.

275

CHAPTER XXIV

LETTERS TO PROFESSOR WALLACE ON THE LL.D. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH:

Proposal of the Senatus of Edinburgh University to confer the LL.D. on Miss E. A. Ormerod as the first
woman honorary graduate—Great appreciation of the prospective honour as giving a stamp of the
highest distinction to her life’s work—Detailed arrangements preparing for graduation—Miss Ormerod’s
books presented to the University Library—Successful journey to Edinburgh—Stay at Balmoral Hotel
—Letter of thanks for personal attention sent after the event—Howard’s views of the honour to
Economic Entomology, and of the value of the Edinburgh LL.D.—Slight chill on the return journey.

287

CHAPTER XXV

LETTERS TO PROFESSOR WALLACE AFTER THE GRADUATION: Congratulations by the

London Farmers’ Club—Agricultural education and how to help it—Painting in oil of Miss Ormerod for
the Edinburgh University—Copies of “Manual of Injurious Insects” for free distribution—Book of
sketches for the University—Photographs by Elliott and Fry—Proposed “Handbook of Forest Insects”
in collaboration with Dr. MacDougall—Proposed “Recollections of Changing Times”—Pamphlet on
“Flies Injurious to Stock”—Graduation book—Proofs of “Stock Flies”—Thanks for “Quasi
Cursores”—Digest of an inaugural address on “Famine in India”—Presentation of the oil painting—Re
Sulphate of copper for Professor Jablonowski—Gall mite experiments on black-currants—Appreciation
of the company in which the oil painting of Miss Ormerod hangs in the Court Room of the University.

299

CHAPTER XXVI

LETTERS TO PROFESSOR WALLACE (concluded): Papers of “Reminiscences” sent to the editor—

Details of letterpress material and of subjects for plates—Photo of oil painting taken by Elliott and Fry—
Proclamation of the King—Publisher for “Reminiscences”—Return of papers to Miss Ormerod—One
of several visits to St. Albans—“Taking in sail” by discontinuing the Annual Report—Illness becoming
alarming—Material for “Reminiscences” consigned to the editor with power of discretion as to use—
Continued weakness—Proposed week-end visit shortened—Taking work easier—First chapters of
“Reminiscences” typewritten—Dr. MacDougall as collaborateur—Serious relapse—Proposal of a
pension misappropriate—Improvement in health followed by frequent relapses—Pleasure of looking up
“Reminiscences” in bed—Medical consultation with Dr. J. A. Ormerod—Liver complications—Fifteenth
relapse—Touching farewell letters written in pencil—Obituary notices in the “Times” and the “Canadian
Entomologist.”

313

APPENDICES: A. Salmon fishing, from the “Log Book of a Fisherman”—B. “Times” notice of partial

retirement—C. Insect cases and their contents presented to Edinburgh University—D. Note on
Xyleborus dispar—E. Obituary notice of Professor Riley.

327

INDEX
337

FOOTNOTES
359

xvi