Ecological Modelling Applied to Entomology

266 Pages·2014·5.02 MB·English

by  Cláudia P. Ferreira

Entomology in Focus 1
Cláudia P. Ferreira
Editors
Wesley A.C. Godoy
Ecological
Modelling
Applied to
Entomology
Entomology in Focus
Volume 1
SeriesEditor
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Piracicaba,Brazil
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Cláudia P. Ferreira • Wesley A.C. Godoy
Editors
Ecological Modelling
Applied to Entomology
123
Editors
CláudiaP.Ferreira WesleyA.C.Godoy
DepartamentodeBioestatistica DepartamentodeEntomologiaeAcarologia
InstitutodeBiociências EscolaSuperiordeAgricultura
UniversidadeEstadualPaulista “LuizdeQueiroz”
Botucatu,SãoPaulo,Brazil UniversidadedeSãoPaulo
Piracicaba,SãoPaulo,Brazil
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ISBN978-3-319-06876-3 ISBN978-3-319-06877-0(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-06877-0
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Preface
In recent decades, entomologists have expanded their analytical tools to improve
the interface between population theory and ways to analyse and interpret results
in research programs that emphasise mathematical modelling. Entomology is a
fruitful area for investigating complex processes and dynamic systems due to
the biological characteristics exhibited by insects. They experience different life
phases, frequentnotable interactions, and are classified by intraspecific to trophic
relationships with different degrees of association. The Neotropical ecozone is
one of the eight major zoogeographicalareas of the world, which contains about
a third of the world’s insects that live in complex topographical environments.
This condition likely allowed these organisms to experience different levels of
adaptation to face the diversity of factors influencing their demography. The
changesthatoccurredintheseenvironmentshavesubstantiallyalteredtheresource
sourcesforinsects,especiallyfoodavailability.Thepredominanceofmonocultures
in Neotropical areas has remarkably impacted the environment and substantially
changedthestructureofinsectfaunabyprovidingsuitableconditionsforinfestation
by pests. Accelerated urbanisation processes have also negatively impacted the
urbanscenarios,includinggivingrisetotheemergenceofinfra-structuralproblems
inthemetropolisandinducingtheproliferationofvectorinsectsofseriousdiseases.
Given the extensive problems facing humanity, we live in what could be called
the era of challenge and exploding information. Concurrently, thanks to growing
interestindevelopingmodels,ampleopportunitiestogenerateandexploredatahave
quicklybeencreatedbytheorists,statisticiansandentomologists,whocananalyse
data with precise tools, particularly when ecological methodologies are applied
to entomology. The computational resources currently available are far superior
to what was available in the past, thus allowing bold designs that can consider
space and time simultaneously, especially in interface areas such as ecological
modelling. The use of mathematical models to describe ecological processes and
predict tendencies has been increasing in the last decades in response to growing
demandforanalyticaltoolsthatarecompatiblewithemergingissuesintheprevious
v
vi Preface
and current centuries. Comprehending basic population or community functions
usingecologicalformalismcanleadtousefulmodelsembeddedinecologicaltheory
thatarecapableofcoveringawidespectrumofissues,rangingfromspatio-temporal
ecologicalpatternsofpopulationsand/orcommunitiestoepidemiologicalaspectsor
trophicwebs.Thisisapioneeringworkinaspecificareawithinterestinginterfaces
forpeopleinterestedininterdisciplinarystudies.We hopethatitwillbeusefulfor
a significant number of researchers and students involved with insect population
dynamics emphasising pest management and conservation. The authors of this
book thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo FAPESP
andConselhoNacionaldeDesenvolvimentoCientíficoeTecnológicoCNPqforthe
supportwiththeresearchprojects.
Botucatu,SP,Brazil ClaudiaP.Ferreira
Piracicaba,SP,Brazil WesleyA.C.Godoy
Contents
1 InsectsandtheEcologicalBasisforMathematicalModelling.......... 1
ClaudiaP.FerreiraandWesleyA.C.Godoy
2 Demographic Processes in Spatially
StructuredHost-ParasitoidSystems....................................... 11
CarolinaReigada, MarcusAloizioMartinezdeAguiar,
andLucasDiasFernandes
3 AbioticEffectsonPopulationDynamicsofMosquitoes
andTheirInfluenceonDengueTransmission ............................ 39
HyunMoYang, JoséLuizBoldrini,
ArturCesarFassoni, KarlaKaterineBarbozadeLima,
LuizFernandoSouzaFreitas, MillerCeronGomez,
ValmirRobertoAndrade,andAndréRicardoRibasFreitas
4 Modelling theImplicationsofTemperatureontheLife
CycleofAedesaegyptiMosquitoes ......................................... 81
MarceloMargonRossi,LêudaÓlivêr,andEduardoMassad
5 Predictive Modelling of Insect Metacommunities
inBiomonitoringofAquaticNetworks.................................... 109
TadeuSiqueira, LucasDaniloDurães,
andFabiodeOliveiraRoque
6 ModelingTrophicInteractionsinInsectPopulationDynamics ........ 127
MichelIskindaSilveiraCostaandLucasDelBiancoFaria
7 CoupledMapLatticeModelforInsectsandSpreadable
Substances .................................................................... 141
Luiz Alberto D. Rodrigues, Maria C. Varriale,
WesleyA.C.Godoy,andDiomarC.Mistro
vii
viii Contents
8 ComputationalMethodsforAccurateEvaluationofPest
InsectPopulationSize ....................................................... 171
NataliaPetrovskayaandNinaEmbleton
9 ModelsforOverdispersedDatainEntomology .......................... 219
ClariceG.B.Demétrio,JohnHinde,andRafaelA.Moral
Index............................................................................... 261
Chapter 1
Insects and the Ecological Basis
for Mathematical Modelling
ClaudiaP.FerreiraandWesleyA.C.Godoy
Abstract This book brings together nine chapters that aim to present the most
recentresearchontheinterfacebetweenecologicalmodellingandentomology.The
chapters are summaries of research performed in different Brazilian institutions,
UK and Ireland universities. The idea of the book is to present different focuses
of study by aggregating theoretical ecology and applications in agricultural and
medical entomology, also emphasising pest management and conservation. This
chapterbrieflysummarisesahistoryofthepopulationtheoryappliedtoentomology
andwillintroducethereadertothetopicsdevelopedinthefollowingchapters.
Keywords Entomology • Insectpopulationmodelling
1.1 Introduction
Insects are fascinating organismsthat have suffered evolutionaryadaptationsover
geologic periods. Their extraordinary stages of evolution have provided them
with special characteristics to occupy different habitats and to face a variety of
environmentalconditions(Carpenter1953).Duetothisflexibility,insectshavebeen
abletodevelopspecificabilitiesandstrategiesforexploitingresourcestoguarantee
their survival even in adverse conditions. They are advantageous to humans in
variouscontexts.Forexample,thereareinsectspeciesthatactasnaturalenemiesof
pests,thatyieldproductsbeneficialtohumans,suchasthehoneybeeandsilkworm,
and that can be used as forensic indicators,biotherapyand food (Goldsmith et al.
2005; Parnés and Lagan 2007; Wells and Stevens 2008; Srinivasan 2010; van
Huis2012).However,althoughtheseorganismsexhibitinterestingmechanismsof
C.P.Ferreira
DepartamentodeBioestatistica,InstitutodeBiociências,UniversidadeEstadualPaulista,
Botucatu,SãoPaulo,Brazil
e-mail:[email protected]
W.A.C.Godoy((cid:2))
DepartamentodeEntomologiaeAcarologia,EscolaSuperiordeAgricultura
“LuizdeQueiroz”,UniversidadedeSãoPaulo,Piracicaba,SãoPaulo,Brazil
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014 1
C.P.Ferreira,W.A.C.Godoy(eds.),EcologicalModellingAppliedtoEntomology,
EntomologyinFocus1,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-06877-0__1