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DTIC ADA630943: Information as Power: An Anthology of Selected United States Army War College Student Papers. Volume 3 PDF

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Preview DTIC ADA630943: Information as Power: An Anthology of Selected United States Army War College Student Papers. Volume 3

• 1-.r.wnno·l INFORMATION AS POWER AN ANTHOLOGY OF SELECTED UNITED STATES ARMY WAR COLLEGE STUDENT PAPERS VOLUME 3 Edited by Jeffrey L. Caton, Blane R. Clark, Jeffrey L. Groh, and Dennise M. Murphy INFORMATION IN WARFARE GROUP, U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2008 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2008 to 00-00-2008 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Information as Power: An Anthology of Selected United States Army 5b. GRANT NUMBER War College Student Papers. Volume 3 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION US Army War College,ATTN: Parameters,47 Ashburn REPORT NUMBER Drive,Carlisle,PA,17013 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 200 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 US ARMY WAR COLLEGE INFORMATION AS POWER VOLUME 3 AN ANTHOLOGY OF SELECTED UNITED STATES ARMY WAR COLLEGE STUDENT PAPERS Faculty Review Board Jeffrey L. Caton, Blane R. Clark, Jeffrey L. Groh, Dennis M. Murphy, William O. Waddell, and Douglas Wake Information as Power is a refereed anthology of United States Army War College (USAWC) student papers related to the information element of na- tional power. It provides a medium for the articulation of ideas promulgated by independent student research in order to facilitate understanding of the information element of power and to better address related national security issues. The anthology serves as a vehicle for recognizing the analyses of Army War College Students and provides a resource for USAWC gradu- ates, senior military officers, and interagency national security practitioners concerned with the information element of national power. Special thanks to Harry Phillips for his significant editorial and adminis- trative support and to Ritchie Dion for his meticulous layout editing and Jennifer Nevil for the cover design. Information as Power INFORMATION AS POWER An Anthology of Selected United States Army War College Student Papers Volume Three Editors: Jeffrey L. Caton, Blane R. Clark, Jeffrey L. Groh, Dennis M. Murphy Information as Power An Anthology of Selected United States Army War College Student Papers Volume Three Executive Agent for the Anthology: United States Army War College The views contained in this publication are those expressed by the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the United States Army War College, the Department of Defense, or any other Department or Agency within the U.S. Government. This publication is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. Published January 2009. This publication is available online at the following: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/dime http://www.csl.army.mil/Publications/Studies.aspx Cover photograph by Staff Sgt. DeNoris A. Mickle, USAF. Used by permission. U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA 17013 Contents Preface vii Section 1: Information Effects in the Cognitive Dimension Introduction 1 Professor Cynthia E. Ayers Mass Media Theory, Leveraging Relationships and Reliable Strategic Communication Effects 7 Colonel John R. Robinson Strategic Communication, Psychological Operations and Propaganda: Is a Unified Strategic Message Possible? 25 Colonel Calvin C. DeWitt Improving the United States’ Strategic Communication Strategy 39 Colonel Robert H. Risberg Bridging the Cultural Communication Gap between America and Its Army 61 Ms. Bobbie Galford Section 2: Information Effects in the Physical Domain Introduction 81 Colonel Jeffrey L. Caton Unmanned Aircraft Systems Role in Network Centric Warfare 87 Lieutenant Colonel Duane T. Carney Blue Force Tracking: Building a Joint Capability’ 107 Lieutenant Colonel Michael M. Sweeney Providing an Enterprise Service Architecture to the Net-Centric Warfighter 127 Lieutenant Colonel David P. Acevedo Achieving the Department of Defense’s Network Centric Vision of Information Sharing while Overcoming Cultural Biases to Control Information 147 Captain Paul M. Shaw Endnotes 165 P reface The Information in Warfare Working Group (I2WG) of the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) is pleased to present this anthology of selected student work from Academic Year 2008 representing examples of well-written and in-depth analyses on the vital subject of information as power. This is the third volume of an effort that began in 2006. The I2WG charter calls for it to coordinate and recommend the design, development and integration of content and courses related to the information element of power into the curriculum to prepare students for senior leadership positions. This publication is an important component of that effort. Interestingly, one needs to go back to the Reagan administration to find the most succinct and pointed mention of information as an element of power in formal government documents.1 Subsequent national security documents, to include the 2007 National Strategy for Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy, allude to different aspects of information but without a holistic, overarching strategy or definition. Still, it is generally accepted in the United States government today that information is an element of national power along with diplomatic, military and economic power…and that information is woven through the other elements since their activities will have an informational impact.2 Given this dearth of official documentation, Drs. Dan Kuehl and Bob Nielson proffered the following definition of the information element: “Use of information content and technology as strategic instruments to shape fundamental political, economic, military and cultural forces on a long-term basis to affect the global behavior of governments, supra-governmental organizations, and societies to support national security.”3 Information as power is wielded in a complex environment consisting of the physical, information, and cognitive dimensions. The current information environment has leveled the playing field for not only nation-states, but non-state actors, multinational corporations and even individuals to affect strategic outcomes with

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