DTIC ADA619223: Naval War College Review. Volume 65, Number 2, Spring 2012

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Naval War College Review, Spring 2012,Volume 65, Number 2
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14. ABSTRACT
At the Twentieth International Seapower Symposium, held at the Naval War College in October 2011, one
thing was strikingly clear: among the leaders of many of the world’s navies today there is a growing
embrace of the vision of maritime security cooperation first enunciated by former Chief of Naval
Operations Admiral Michael Mullen under the label of the "thousand-ship navy." In our lead article,
"Networking the Global Maritime Partnership," Stephanie Hszieh, George Galdorisi, Terry McKearney,
and Darren Sutton explore this vision and the obstacles that continue to stand in the way of its realization.
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Cover
The Mark 45 five-inch/54-caliber
lightweight gun on the forecastle of the
Arleigh Burke–class guided-missile
destroyer USS Higgins (DDG 76), on 22
March 2011 in the Arabian Gulf. Higgins
was deployed with the Carl Vinson Car-
rier Strike Group. U.S. Navy photo by Lt.
Cdr. Alex T. Mabini, USN.
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NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW
Spring 2012
Volume 65, Number 2
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS
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NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW EDITORIAL BOARD NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS
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CONTENTS
From the Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
President’s Forum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Networking the Global Maritime Partnership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Stephanie Hszieh, George Galdorisi, Terry McKearney, and Darren Sutton
The difficulties of multinational naval networking are greater today, and require solutions more
urgently, than ever. The work of a five-nation technical cooperation program offers a promising
model for addressing them effectively.
Taking Mines Seriously
Mine Warfare in China’s Near Seas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Scott C. Truver
China has a large, growing, and modernizing capability for naval mines, one that could greatly hin-
der U.S. operations in any Taiwan scenario. China’s mine-countermeasures capacity is less robust—
but so, unfortunately, is the corresponding offensive mining capacity of the United States.
Leadership and Decision
What Military Officers Need to Know about
Civil-Military Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Mackubin Thomas Owens
How informed are civilian leaders when they choose to commit the military instrument? How well
does the prevailing pattern of civil-military relations enable the integration of divergent and even
contradictory views? Does this pattern ensure a practical military strategy that properly serves the
ends of national policy?
American Civil-Military Relations
Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of
Military Professionalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Dayne E. Nix, PhD
Huntington held that the American constitutional system inevitably draws military leaders into the
political process. Has the result been a “troubled quality” in American civil-military relations or
proof of the vitality of the constitutional system?
2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW
A Remarkable Military Feat
The Hungnam Redeployment, December 1950. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Donald Chisholm
The requirement for amphibious withdrawal does not come along often, but when it does, there is
little better guidance than how it was done in December 1950 in Korea—when it had to be done on
short notice, on a large scale, and under fire.
The South African Navy and African Maritime Security . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Deane-Peter Baker
History, budgetary constraints, and national policy choices have left the South African Navy unable
to contribute substantially to the region’s maritime security. There is hope for change, however,
and a possible way forward.
Review Essay
A Relatively Indecisive War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
1812: The Navy’s War, by George C. Daughan
reviewed by Jack A. Gottschalk
Book Reviews
The Perfect Wreck—“Old Ironsides” and HMS Java: A Story of 1812,
by Steven Maffeo
reviewed by Phillip S. Meilinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, by Ezra F. Vogel
reviewed by Grant F. Rhode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
America’s Challenge: Engaging a Rising China in the Twenty-First Century,
by Michael D. Swaine
reviewed by Lyle Goldstein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Insurgents, Raiders, and Bandits: How Masters of Irregular Warfare
Have Shaped Our World, by John Arquilla
reviewed by Frederick H. Black, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Cultural Heritage, Ethics and the Military, edited by Peter G. Stone
reviewed by Timothy J. Demy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
Whirlwind: The Air War against Japan, 1942–1945, by Barrett Tillman
reviewed by David L. Teska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
Brothers, Rivals, Victors: Eisenhower, Patton, Bradley, and the
Partnership That Drove the Allied Conquest in Europe, by Jonathan W. Jordan
reviewed by Richard Norton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Of Special Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Reflections on Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
FROM THE EDITORS
At the Twentieth International Seapower Symposium, held at the Naval War
College in October 2011, one thing was strikingly clear: among the leaders of
many of the world’s navies today there is a growing embrace of the vision of
maritime security cooperation first enunciated by former Chief of Naval Op-
erations Admiral Michael Mullen under the label of the “thousand-ship navy.”
In our lead article, “Networking the Global Maritime Partnership,” Stephanie
Hszieh, George Galdorisi, Terry McKearney, and Darren Sutton explore this vi-
sion and the obstacles that continue to stand in the way of its realization. The
rapid evolution of communications and sensor technologies is, ironically, one
such obstacle, because one of its major effects is to increase the gap between the
capabilities enjoyed by the U.S. Navy in this area and the capabilities of allied and
partner navies. The authors offer a model for intensified regional collaboration
in technology development that can help overcome this problem: The Technical
Cooperation Program, a long-standing though little-known five-nation (United
States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) umbrella organi-
zation involving a network of 170 research entities and some 1,200 scientists and
engineers.
Since World War II, more U.S. naval vessels have been destroyed or seriously
damaged by sea mines than by all other forms of enemy action combined. Sea
mines are the naval weapon of choice for nations of limited resources and tech-
nological capacity, as we have been reminded recently by the Iranian navy. Today,
the People’s Republic of China has a robust mining capability and an arsenal of
sea mines that may number as many as a hundred thousand. In “Taking Mines
Seriously: Mine Warfare in China’s Near Seas,” Scott C. Truver provides an au-
thoritative, detailed survey of contemporary mine warfare and mine counter-
measures generally and explores the implications of China’s potential use of this
most “asymmetric” of naval weapons in any conflict with the United States and
its allies in the western Pacific. He argues that it is time the U.S. Navy took sea
mines seriously—not only from a defensive perspective but also as an offensive
instrument in the context of its emerging “AirSea Battle” concept.
Recent apparent frictions between American military commanders and the
Obama administration over troop drawdowns in Iraq and Afghanistan serve as a
reminder that the civil-military relationship in the United States remains fraught