Disaster Management and Preparedness PDF
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L1524 Half Title pg 10/11/00 12:18 PM Page 1 Disaster Management and Preparedness Schneid Series pg 10/11/00 12:20 PM Page 1 Occupational Safety and Health Guide Series Series Editor Thomas D. Schneid Eastern Kentucky University Richmond, Kentucky Published Titles Creative Safety Solutions by Thomas D. Schneid Occupational Health Guide to Violence in the Workplace by Thomas D. Schneid Motor Carrier Safety: A Guide to Regulatory Compliance by E. Scott Dunlap Disaster Management and Preparedness by Thomas D. Schneid and Larry Collins Forthcoming Titles Physical Hazards in the Workplace by Larry R. Collins and Thomas D. Schneid Managing Workers’ Compensation: A Guide to Injury Reduction and Effective Claim Management by Keith Wertz and James J. Bryant L1524 Title pg 10/11/00 12:18 PM Page 1 Disaster Management and Preparedness Thomas D. Schneid Larry Collins LEWIS PUBLISHERS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2000 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130826 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-3265-9 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com L1524/frame/ fm Page 5 Monday, October 16, 2000 9:43 AM About the Authors Dr. Thomas D. Schneid is a tenured professor in the Department of Loss Prevention and Safety at Eastern Kentucky University and serves as the coordinator of the Fire and Safety Engineering program. He is also a found- ing member of the law firm of Schumann & Schneid, PLLC located in Rich- mond, Kentucky. Dr. Schneid earned a B.S. in Education, M.S. and C.A.S. in Safety, M.S. in International Business, and Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering as well as his J.D. in law from West Virginia University and LL.M. (Graduate law) from the University of San Diego. He also earned an M.S. in International Business and a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering. He is a member of the Bar for the U.S. Supreme Court, 6th Circuit Court of Appeals, and a number of federal districts as well as the Kentucky and West Virginia Bar Associations. Dr. Schneid has authored and co-authored 15 texts on various safety, fire, EMS, and legal topics as well as over 100 articles. He was named one of the “Rising Stars in Safety” by Occupational Hazards magazine in 1997 and recently awarded the Program of Distinction Fellow by the Commonwealth of Kentucky and EKU. Dr. Larry Collins (A.S., B.S., M.S., Ed.D.) joined the LPS faculty as an Associate Professor in 1990. After serving as Program Coordinator of the Fire and Safety Engineering Technology Program, Dr. Collins assumed the role of Department Chair for the Loss Prevention and Safety Department in 1998. Dr. Collins’ background includes serving as a design draftsman for a tank semi-trailer manufacturer. He has 24 years experience as a firefighter and has served in a large metropolitan fire department in northern Virginia and with a combination career/volunteer fire department in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He has also been a local level fire instructor with the Penn- sylvania Fire Academy. As BioMarine Industry’s first fire service safety specialist, Dr. Collins traveled North America conducting training sessions on closed circuit breathing apparatus and confined space monitoring instruments. Dr. Collins holds an Associate of Science degree in Fire Science from Allegheny Community College of Pennsylvania, a B.S. in Industrial Arts Edu- cation from California University of Pennsylvania, and a Master of Education L1524/frame/ fm Page 6 Monday, October 16, 2000 9:43 AM in Technology Education also from California University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Collins is nationally certified as a vocational carpentry instructor. In July of 1993, Dr. Collins successfully defended his doctoral disserta- tion titled “Factors Which Influence the Implementation of Residential Fire Sprinklers,” completing the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Edu- cation. Dr. Collins is a strong advocate for residential fire sprinklers. He believes this technology holds the real hope for changing fire death and injury statistics in the U.S. L1524/frame/ fm Page 7 Monday, October 16, 2000 9:43 AM Foreword Disasters come in many forms. Natural disasters kill one million people around the world each decade, and leave millions more homeless. Natural disasters may include earthquakes, floods and flashfloods, landslides and mud flows, wild land fires, winter storms, and others. Technological disasters include house and building fires, hazardous materials, terrorism, and nuclear power plant emergencies. It is estimated that the economic damages from natural disasters have tripled in the past 30 years — rising from 40 billion dollars in the 1960s to 120 billion dollars in the 1980s. Some of the more recent natural disasters have by themselves caused billion dollar losses. For example, the World Health Organization has estimated that Hurricane Andrew in 1992 caused 30 billion dollars in damages. The Northridge, Cal- ifornia earthquake in 1994 also caused approximately 30 billion dollars in damages. For other types of natural disasters such as flooding, it is estimated that the 1995 south central Alaska floods caused 10 million dollars in dam- ages. The May 1995 Ft. Worth-Dallas storm left 16 dead and caused damages in excess of $900 million. Even worse were the 1995 southern California floods which left 11 dead and caused over 1.34 billion dollars in damages. The 1994 earthquake in southern California caused an estimated 13 to 20 billion dollars in damages. Even more important is the issue of fires. Fire kills more Americans than all natural disasters combined. Each year more than 5000 people die in fires and over 25,000 are injured. It is estimated that the direct property loss exceeds 9 billion dollars. The U.S. has one of the highest fire death rates in the industrialized world. For example, in 1997, the U.S. fire death rate was 15.2 deaths per million population. Between 1993 and 1997, an average of 4500 Americans lost their lives, and another 26,500 were injured annually as the result of fire. Fire is the third leading cause of accidental death in the home and at least eighty percent of all fire deaths occur in residences. The key to minimizing or controlling the cost and death toll of disasters is prevention. This is not to say that we can prevent natural disasters but we can minimize their effects. What this book shows is how we can evaluate, prepare for, react to, and minimize damage brought on by emergencies and disasters. One of the better examples of being prepared is a result of Exec- utive Order 11988 of 1997. This is the floodplain management order is worded vigorously to reduce the risk of flood loss, minimize the impact of L1524/frame/ fm Page 8 Monday, October 16, 2000 9:43 AM floods on human safety, health, and welfare, and restore and preserve the natural and beneficial values served by floodplains. The Office of Hydrology and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have done an excellent job in working toward preventing the damage from flooding. The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee recently approved unanimously an important piece of legislation to help the country to prevent disaster damage. Senate Bill 1691 authorizes the Federal Emer- gency Management Agency’s Pre-Disaster Mitigation Initiative, Project Impact. As this book discusses, the key is pre-planning and preparation — to develop an action plan and follow it through. People selection and training are crucial to the success of any disaster preparedness plan. This book will go through, step-by-step, what you need to do to prepare for disaster and prevent as much damage as possible. Michael S. Schumann Professor/Attorney Department of Loss Prevention and Safety Eastern Kentucky University L1524/frame/ fm Page 9 Monday, October 16, 2000 9:43 AM Contents Introduction Chapter 1 Identifying the risks........................................................................1 What are the potential risks?........................................................................2 What is the probability of this risk happening?........................................2 Is the potential risk substantial?...................................................................2 If this risk becomes an event, what are the potential damages in terms of life, property, and other damages?..........................................3 Chapter 2 Natural risks.....................................................................................5 Earthquakes......................................................................................................5 Volcanoes..........................................................................................................7 Recent volcanic eruptions.....................................................................8 Fires and explosions.......................................................................................9 U.S. hurricanes...............................................................................................11 Tornadoes.......................................................................................................13 Major U.S. epidemics....................................................................................14 Floods, avalanches, and tidal waves.........................................................14 Man and nature risks...................................................................................15 Oil spills.................................................................................................15 Aircraft crashes.....................................................................................16 Dams......................................................................................................18 Shipwrecks............................................................................................18 Mine explosions...................................................................................18 Railroad accidents................................................................................19 Chapter 3 Emerging risks................................................................................21 Violence in the workplace...........................................................................22 Cyberterrorism...............................................................................................25 Bioterrorism....................................................................................................26 Chapter 4 Governmental regulations...........................................................29 EPA (EPCRA).................................................................................................30 OSHA standards............................................................................................30 Chapter 5 Structural preparedness................................................................33
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