Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible

1752 Pages·2005·9.24 MB·English

by  Kevin Vanhoozer

(p
3)
for
of
the
K J V
EVIN . ANHOOZER
G
ENERAL
E
DITOR
C G B D J T
RAIG . ARTHOLOMEW, ANIEL . REIER,
N T W
AND . . RIGHTASSOCIATE EDITORS
(p4) © 2005 byBaker Book House Company
Published in North America byBaker Academic
a division of Baker PublishingGroup
P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287
www.bakeracademic.com
and in GreatBritain bytheSociety for Promoting Christian Knowledge
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form or byanymeans—for example,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dictionary for theologicalinterpretation of theBible/Kevin J. Vanhoozer,
generaleditor; CraigG. Bartholomew, DanielJ. Treier, and N. T. Wright,
associateeditors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical referencesand index.
ISBN 10: 0-8010-2694-6 (cloth) (U.S. edition)
ISBN 978-0-8010-2694-2
1. Bible—Theology—Dictionaries. 2. Bible—Criticism,
interpretation, etc.—Dictionaries. I. Vanhoozer, Kevin J. II.
Bartholomew, CraigG., 1961– III. Treier, DanielJ., 1972– IV.
Wright, N. T. (NicholasThomas) BS440.D4952005 220.3—dc22
2005015484
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Acatalogue record of this book isavailable fromtheBritish Library.
ISBN 0-281-05780-X (U.K. edition)
Unless otherwiselabeled, Scripture quotationsare fromTheHOLYBIBLE,
NEWINTERNATIONALVERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978,
1984 byInternationalBibleSociety. Used by permission of Zondervan. All
rights reserved.
Scripture quotationslabeled ESV are fromTheHolyBible, English Standard
Version, copyright © 2001 by CrosswayBibles, a division of Good News
Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotationslabeled KJVare fromtheKingJamesVersion of the
Bible.
Scripture quotationslabeled NKJVare fromtheNewKingJamesVersion.
Copyright© 1982 byThomasNelson, Inc.Used by permission. All rights
reserved.
Scripture quotationslabeled NRSVare fromtheNew Revised Standard
Version of theBible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the
National Council of the Churches of Christin theUnited States ofAmerica.
Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotationslabeled RSV are fromthe Revised Standard Version of
theBible, copyright 1952 [2nd edition, 1971] bytheDivision of Christian
Education of theNational Council of the Churches of Christin theUnited
States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotationslabeled TNIVare fromtheHolyBible, Today’sNew
InternationalVersion™copyright© 2001 byInternationalBibleSociety. All
rights reserved.
ONTENTS
(p5)
Listof Contributors
ListofAbbreviations
Introduction
DictionaryArticles
ListofArticlesby Category
TopicalIndex
ScriptureIndex
ONTRIBUTORS
(p7)
Anderson, RayS. Ph.D., University of Edinburgh. Professor of Theology
and Ministry, Fuller TheologicalSeminary. Practical Theology
Bacote, VincentE. Ph.D., DrewUniversity. AssistantProfessor of
Theology, Wheaton College. Justice
Badcock, GaryD. Ph.D., University of Edinburgh. AssociateProfessor of
Theology, Huron University College. Calling/Vocation; HolySpirit,
Doctrineof the
Baker, William R. Ph.D., University of Aberdeen. Professor of New
Testament, CincinnatiBibleSeminary. James, Bookof
Bartholomew, CraigG. Ph.D., University of Bristol. H. Evan Runner Chair
in Philosophy, Redeemer University College. Biblical Theology;
Deconstruction; Ecclesiastes, Bookof; Postmodernity and Biblical
Interpretation
Barton, Stephen C. Ph.D., King’s CollegeLondon. Reader in New
Testament, University of Durham. Social-ScientificCriticism
Beck, John A. Ph.D., TrinityEvangelicalDivinitySchool. Associate
Professor of Hebrew, ConcordiaUniversityWisconsin. Geography
Begbie, Jeremy. Ph.D., University of Aberdeen. VicePrincipal, RidleyHall,
University of Cambridge. Music, the Bible and; Worship
Benson, BruceEllis. Ph.D., KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven. Associate
Professor of Philosophy, Wheaton College. Poststructuralism;
Structuralism
Bimson, John J. Ph.D., University of Sheffield. Tutor in Old Testament,
Trinity College, Bristol. Chronology and theOT ; Ezra, Bookof;
Nehemiah, Bookof
Blocher, HenriA. G. Diplôme d’EtudesSupérieures deThéologie, Faculté
Libre deThéologieProtestante of Paris. Professor of Systematic
Theology, FacultéLibre deThéologieEvangélique. Atonement;
OriginalSin
Block, DanielI. D.Phil., University of Liverpool. Professor of Old
Testament, Wheaton College. Deuteronomy, Bookof
Bock, DarrellL. Ph.D., University of Aberdeen. Research Professor of New
TestamentStudies, DallasTheologicalSeminary.
Messiah/Messianism; Miracle
Boersma, Hans. Th.D., StateUniversity of Utrecht. JamesI. Packer
Professor of Theology, Regent College. Violence
Bowald, Mark A. Ph.D., University of Toronto. AssistantProfessor of
Religion and Theology, Redeemer University College. Grace;
Objectivity
Brady, Christian M. M. D.Phil., University of Oxford. AssistantProfessor
and Director of Jewish Studies, TulaneUniversity. Lamentations,
Bookof; Targum
Bray, Gerald. D.Litt., University of Paris-Sorbonne. Anglican Professor of
Divinity, Beeson DivinitySchool. Allegory; Medieval Biblical
Interpretation
Briggs, Richard S. Ph.D., University of Nottingham. Tutor in New
Testamentand Hermeneutics, University of Durham. Speech-Act
Theory
Brown, JeannineK. Ph.D., Luther Seminary. AssistantProfessor of New
Testament, BethelSeminary. Chronology and theNT
Bryan, Christopher. Ph.D., University of Exeter. C. K. BenedictProfessor
of NewTestament, University of theSouth School of Theology.
PassionNarratives ; Romans, Bookof; Sermonon theMount
Burnett, Richard E. Ph.D., Princeton TheologicalSeminary. Associate
Professor of SystematicTheology, ErskineTheologicalSeminary.
HistoricalCriticism
Burridge, Richard A. Ph.D., University of Nottingham. Dean of King’s
Collegeand HonoraryLecturer in NewTestamentStudies, King’s
CollegeLondon. Biography
Buth, Randall. Ph.D., University of CaliforniaLosAngeles. Director, Biblical
Language Center, HebrewUniversityand BiblicalLanguage Center.
Language, Linguistics
Chaplin, Jonathan. Ph.D., University of London. AssociateProfessor of
PoliticalTheory, Institute for Christian Studies. Political Theology
Charry, Ellen T. Ph.D., TempleUniversity. MargaretW. Harmon Associate
Professor of SystematicTheology, Princeton TheologicalSeminary.
Earth/Land; Human Being, Doctrineof ; Incarnation
(p8) Chilton, Bruce. Ph.D., University of Cambridge. Bernard IddingsBell
Professor of Religion, Bard College. Temple
Cole, GrahamA. Th.D., Australian School of Theology. Professor of
Biblicaland SystematicTheology, TrinityEvangelicalDivinitySchool.
God, Doctrineof; Lord’sSupper; Sanctification
Cook, John A. Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. Lecturer, University of
Wisconsin. Lexicons, OT
Cummins, S. A. D.Phil., University of Oxford. AssociateProfessor of
ReligiousStudies, TrinityWestern University. John, Bookof; Oral
Tradition and theNT
Davids, Peter H. Ph.D., University of Manchester. Scholar-in-Residence,
Vineyard Church, Stafford, TX. Jude, Bookof; 2 Peter, Bookof
Dawn, MarvaJ. Ph.D., University of NotreDame. Theologian, Christians
Equipped for Ministry. Powers andPrincipalities
deGruchy, John W. Ph.D., University of South Africa. RobertSelbyTaylor
Professor of Christian Studies, University of CapeTown. Bonhoeffer,
Dietrich
deSilva, David A. Ph.D., EmoryUniversity. Professor of NewTestament
and Greek, Ashland TheologicalSeminary. Apocrypha
Enns, Peter. Ph.D., Harvard University. AssociateProfessor of Old
Testament, Westminster TheologicalSeminary. Exodus/New Exodus;
Pseudepigrapha
Escobar, Samuel. Ph.D., Universidad Complutense deMadrid. ThornleyB.
Wood Professor of Missiology, Eastern BaptistTheologicalSeminary.
Liberation Theologies andHermeneutics
Evans, CraigA. Ph.D., ClaremontGraduateUniversity. Payzant
Distinguished Professor of NewTestament, AcadiaDivinity College.
Jewish Exegesis
Evans, MaryJ. M.Phil., CNAA. VicePrincipal, London School of
Theology. Hosea, Bookof
Farrow, Douglas. Ph.D., King’s CollegeLondon. AssociateProfessor of
Christian Thought, McGillUniversity. Ascension; Church, Doctrineof
the
Felch, Susan M. Ph.D., CatholicUniversity of America. Professor of
English, Calvin College. Dialogism
Fowl, Stephen E. Ph.D., University of Sheffield. Professor of Theology,
Loyola Collegein Maryland. Virtue
Frame, John M. D.D., Belhaven College. Professor of SystematicTheology
and Philosophy, Reformed TheologicalSeminary. Apologetics; Logic
France, R. T. Ph.D., University of Bristol. Principal of WycliffeHall
(Retired), University of Oxford. Kingdomof God; Relationship
between the Testaments
Gagnon, RobertA. J. Ph.D., Princeton TheologicalSeminary. Associate
Professor of NewTestament, Pittsburgh TheologicalSeminary.
Sexuality
Garland, David E. Ph.D., Southern BaptistTheologicalSeminary. Associate
Dean of AcademicAffairsand Professor of NewTestament, Truett
TheologicalSeminary. 1 Corinthians, Bookof
Gow, MurrayD. Th.D., Australian College of Theology. Minister, St. Paul’s
CooperatingParish, Kamo, NewZealand. Ruth, Bookof
Gracia, JorgeJ. E. Ph.D., University of Toronto. SamuelP. Capen Chair of
Philosophyand StateUniversity of NewYork Distinguished Professor,
StateUniversity of NewYork atBuffalo. Meaning
Green, JoelB. Ph.D., University of Aberdeen. Dean of AcademicAffairs
and Professor of NewTestamentInterpretation, AsburyTheological
Seminary. Commentary; Context; Dictionaries and Encyclopedias;
Narrative Theology
Greene-McCreight, Kathryn. Ph.D., YaleUniversity. St. John’sEpiscopal
Church, NewHaven, CT. Interpretation, Historyof ; LiteralSense ;
Mary; Ruleof Faith
Grenz, StanleyJ. D.Theol., University of Munich. LatePioneer McDonald
Professor of Theology, CareyTheological College. Community,
Interpretative
Griffiths, PaulJ. Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. Arthur J. Schmitt
Professor of CatholicStudies, University of Illinoisat Chicago.
Reading; Religion
Groves, J. Alan. Ph.D. candidate, FreeUniversity of Amsterdam. Professor
of Old Testament, Westminster TheologicalSeminary. Judges, Bookof
Gundry, RobertH. Ph.D., Manchester University. Scholar-in-Residenceand
Professor Emeritus, Westmont College. Jesus, Quest for the
Historical; Matthew, Bookof
Gundry-Volf, Judith. Th.D., University of Tübingen. AdjunctAssociate
Professor of NewTestamentand Research Scholar, YaleUniversity.
Harlow, Daniel C. Ph.D., University of NotreDame. AssociateProfessor of
NewTestament, EarlyJudaism, and Early Christianity, Calvin College.
DeadSea Scrolls; JewishContext of theNT
Harrison, Carol. Ph.D., University of Oxford. Professor of Historical
Theology, University of Durham. Augustine
Hart, Trevor A. Ph.D., University of Aberdeen. Professor of Divinityand
Dean of theFaculty of Divinity, University of St. Andrews. Imagination
Hess, Richard S. Ph.D., HebrewUnion College. Professor of Old
Testament, Denver Seminary. Historyof Israel; Kings, Booksof;
Oral Tradition and theOT
(p9) Hill, AndrewE. Ph.D., University of Michigan. Professor of Old
TestamentStudies, Wheaton College. Genealogy
Hill, Daniel. Ph.D., Kings CollegeLondon. Lecturer in Philosophy,
University of Liverpool. Philosophy; Proposition; Warrant
Holmes, Stephen R. Ph.D., University of London. Lecturer in Theology,
University of St. Andrews. Creed; Imageof God; Salvation,
Doctrineof
Horton, MichaelS. Ph.D., University of Coventry;University of Oxford.
Professor of Theologyand Apologetics, Westminster Theological
Seminaryin California. Historical Theology; Sacrament
House, Paul R. Ph.D., Southern BaptistTheologicalSeminary. Associate
Dean and Professor of Divinity, Beeson DivinitySchool. Haggai, Book
of; Obadiah, Bookof
Humphrey, Edith M. Ph.D., McGillUniversity. AssociateProfessor of New
TestamentStudies, Pittsburgh TheologicalSeminary. 2 Corinthians,
Bookof; InfancyNarratives ; Jesus andScripture; NewCreation
Hurtado, LarryW. Ph.D., CaseWestern ReserveUniversity. Professor of
NewTestamentLanguage, Literature, and Theology, University of
Edinburgh. Monotheism
Jacobs, Alan. Ph.D., University of Virginia. Professor of English, Wheaton
College. Love
Jacobs, Mignon R. Ph.D., ClaremontGraduateUniversity. Associate
Professor of Old Testament, Fuller TheologicalSeminary. Malachi,
Bookof; Micah, Bookof
Jeanrond, Werner. Ph.D., University of Chicago. Professor of Systematic
Theology, Lund University. Text/Textuality
Jeffrey, David Lyle. Ph.D., Princeton TheologicalSeminary. Distinguished
Professor of Literatureand Humanities, Baylor University. Western
Literature, the Bible and
Keesmaat, Sylvia C. D.Phil., University of Oxford. AssociateProfessor of
BiblicalStudiesand Hermeneutics, Institute for Christian Studies.
Colossians, Bookof
Kelly, Brian E. Ph.D., University of Bristol. Dean of Chapel, Canterbury
Christ Church University College. Samuel, Booksof
Kille, D. Andrew. Ph.D., GraduateTheologicalUnion. Consultant.
PsychologicalInterpretation
Knapp, HenryM. Ph.D., Calvin TheologicalSeminary. AssociatePastor,
FirstPresbyterian Church, Beaver, PA. Protestant Biblical
Interpretation
Koptak, PaulE. Ph.D., Garrett-EvangelicalTheologicalSeminary;
Northwestern University. Pauland BerniceBrandelProfessor of
Communication and BiblicalInterpretation, North Park Theological
Seminary. Intertextuality
Laansma, Jon C. Ph.D., University of Aberdeen. AssociateProfessor of
AncientLanguagesand NewTestament, Wheaton College. Hebrews,
Bookof
Lane, AnthonyN. S. B.D., University of Oxford. Professor of Historical
Theologyand Director of Research, London School of Theology.
JustificationbyFaith ; Tradition
Lauber, David. Ph.D., Princeton TheologicalSeminary. AssistantProfessor
of Theology, Wheaton College. YaleSchool
Lee, Moonjang. Ph.D., University of Edinburgh. Professor of Theologyand
Missions, TrinityTheological College, Singapore. Asian Biblical
Interpretation
LeMarquand, Grant. Th.D., University of Toronto. AssociateProfessor of
BiblicalStudiesand Mission, TrinityEpiscopalSchool for Ministry.
African BiblicalInterpretation
Longman, Tremper, III. Ph.D., YaleUniversity. RobertH. Gundry
Professor of BiblicalStudies, Westmont College. Song of Songs
Lucas, Ernest C. Ph.D., University of Kent;Ph.D., University of Liverpool.
VicePrincipaland Tutor in BiblicalStudies, BristolBaptist College.
Daniel, Bookof
MacDonald, NeilB. Ph.D., University of Edinburgh. Senior Lecturer in
Theology, University of Surrey Roehampton. Language-Game
Magallanes, Hugo. Ph.D., DrewUniversity. AssociateDean and Associate
Professor of Church in Society, AsburyTheologicalSeminary. Racism
Marshall, I. Howard. Ph.D., University of Aberdeen. Honorary Research
Professor of NewTestament, University of Aberdeen. Johannine
Epistles; 1 Timothy, Bookof; 2 Timothy, Bookof; Titus, Bookof
Martin, Francis. S.S.D., PontificalBiblicalInstitute. Chair for
Catholic-Jewish TheologicalStudies, PopeJohn PaulII Cultural Center.
SpiritualSense
Mattox, MickeyL. Ph.D., DukeUniversity. AssistantProfessor of
Theology, MarquetteUniversity. Luther, Martin
McCann, J. Clinton, Jr. Ph.D., DukeUniversity. EvangelicalProfessor of
BiblicalInterpretation, Eden TheologicalSeminary. Psalms, Bookof
McConville, J. G. Ph.D., Queen’sUniversity, Belfast. Professor of Old
TestamentStudies, University of Gloucestershire. Jeremiah, Bookof;
Joshua, Bookof; Prophetic Writings
McGrath, Alister E. D.Phil., University of Oxford. Professor of Historical
Theology, University of Oxford. Doctrine
(p10) McIntosh, Mark A. Ph.D., University of Chicago. Associate
Professor of Theology, LoyolaUniversity Chicago. Mysticism,
Christian
McKnight, Scot. Ph.D., University of Nottingham. KarlA. Olsson Professor
in ReligiousStudies, North Park University. Apostasy; Covenant;
Israel
Millard, Alan R. M.Phil., University of London. EmeritusProfessor of
Hebrewand AncientSemiticLanguages, University of Liverpool.
Archaeology
Moberly, R. W. L. Ph.D., University of Cambridge. Reader in Old
Testament, Department of Theology, University of Durham. Exodus,
Bookof; Jewish-ChristianDialogue ; PatriarchalNarratives
Möller, Karl. Ph.D., University of Gloucestershire. Lecturer in Theologyand
ReligiousStudies, St. Martin’s College. Amos, Bookof; Prophecy
andProphetsin theOT; Rhetoric; RhetoricalCriticism
Moritz, Thorsten. Ph.D., London University. Professor of NewTestament,
BethelSeminary. CriticalRealism ; Mark, Bookof
Motyer, Stephen. Ph.D., King’s CollegeLondon. Lecturer in New
Testamentand Hermeneutics, London School of Theology.
Anti-Semitism
Murphy, FrancescaAran. Ph.D., King’s CollegeLondon. Reader in
SystematicTheology, University of Aberdeen. Revelation, Bookof
Murphy, Nancey. Ph.D., University of CaliforniaBerkeley;Th.D., Graduate
TheologicalUnion. Professor of Christian Philosophy, Fuller
TheologicalSeminary. Epistemology
Noll, Mark A. Ph.D., VanderbiltUniversity. McManisProfessor of Christian
Thought, Wheaton College. History
Noll, Stephen F. Ph.D., University of Manchester. Vice Chancellor,Uganda
Christian University. Angels, Doctrineof
Nolland, John. Ph.D., University of Cambridge. AcademicDean and
Director of PostgraduateStudies, Trinity CollegeBristol. Form
Criticism and theNT
Nordling, Cherith Fee. Ph.D., University of St. Andrews. Director of
SpiritualLeadership Development, Calvin College. Feminist Biblical
Interpretation
O’Connor, Robert. Ph.D., University of NotreDame. AssociateProfessor
of Philosophy, Wheaton College. Pragmatism; Science, the Bible and
Osborne, Grant R. Ph.D., University of Aberdeen. Professor of New
Testament, TrinityEvangelicalDivinitySchool. Genre; Redaction
Criticism
Pao, David W. Ph.D., Harvard University. AssistantProfessor of New
Testament, TrinityEvangelicalDivinitySchool. Prophecy and
Prophetsin theNT
Parry, Robin. Ph.D., University of Gloucestershire. CommissioningEditor,
Paternoster Press. IdeologicalCriticism; NarrativeCriticism ;
Reader-ResponseCriticism
Paul, Ian. Ph.D., NottinghamTrentUniversity;St. John’s College. Director
of Partnership Development, St. John’s CollegeNottingham. Metaphor
Perrin, Nicholas. Ph.D., MarquetteUniversity. AssistantProfessor of New
Testament, Wheaton College. Gnosticism; Gospels; Nag Hammadi
Peterson, EugeneH. M.A., JohnsHopkinsUniversity. Professor Emeritus of
SpiritualTheology, Regent College. Prayer; Spirituality/Spiritual
Formation
Rae, MurrayA. Ph.D., King’s CollegeLondon. Senior Lecturer, University
of Otago. Anthropomorphism
Redditt, PaulL. Ph.D., VanderbiltUniversity. Professor of Old Testament,
Georgetown College. Esther, Bookof; Leviticus, Bookof; Source
Criticism
Reese, Ruth Anne. Ph.D., University of Sheffield. AssistantProfessor of
NewTestament, AsburyTheologicalSeminary. Male andFemale
Reno, R. R. Ph.D., YaleUniversity. AssociateProfessor of Theology,
Creighton University. Sin, Doctrineof
Renz, Thomas. Ph.D., University of Bristol. Lecturer in Old Testament, Oak
Hill College. Ezekiel, Bookof; Habakkuk, Bookof; Nahum, Book
of; Zephaniah, Bookof
Richards, KentHarold. Ph.D., ClaremontGraduateUniversity. Executive
Director and Professor of Old Testament, Society of BiblicalLiterature.
Societies, Scholarly
Riches, John K. M.A., University of Cambridge. Hon. Research Professor,
Department of Theologyand ReligiousStudies, University of Glasgow.
Galatians, Bookof
Riddell, Peter G. Ph.D., Australian NationalUniversity. Professor of Islamic
Studiesand Director of the Centre for IslamicStudiesand
Muslim-Christian Relations, London School of Theology. Language,
Grammar andSyntax; Semiotics
Rodgers, Peter R. B.Litt., University of Oxford. AdjunctProfessor, Fuller
TheologicalSeminary. Lexicons, NT; 1 Peter, Bookof; Textual
Criticism
Rogerson, John W. D.D. EmeritusProfessor of BiblicalStudies, University
of Sheffield. Liberal BiblicalInterpretation
Rosner, Brian S. Ph.D., University of Cambridge. Senior Lecturer in Biblical