design of crane runway structures

134 Pages·2016·4.06 MB·English

DESIGN OF CRANE RUNWAY STRUCTURES
DESIGN OF CRANE RUNWAY STRUCTURES
by
B. Tooma
A Project Report
Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
for the Degree
Master of Engineering
McMaster University
April 1 980
MASTER OF ENGINEERING (1980)
McMASTER UNIVERSITY
(Civil Engineering) Hamilton, Ontario
TITLE: Practical Design and Detailing Approach for Crane Runway
Structures
AUTHOR: B. Toana
SUPER VISOR: Dr. A. Smith
NUMBER OF PAGES: ix, 117
ii
ABSTRACT
At present there is no code of practice or design guide for the
complete design of crane run ways. Many sources o-f information apply to
steel structures in general and do not address some of the more
important design and practical aspects of crane runways. It is the
purpose of this report to review the various standard procedures
together with rules and guidelines which result from practical
experience in design, construction and operation. In particular it is
hoped to identify those questions around which there appears to be some
uncertainty or lack of substantiation. Some of these topics are
identified as areas for possible future research.
The report considers the version components of the runway system
and the loads which act on them. After discussion of the dynamic nature
of loading Fnd the allowances made for vertical and horizontal loads,
the supporting system is described with reference to accepted guide
lines, design details and sketches of connections. Interaction of the
various components considers the design and detailing of the rail the
girder, the horizontal girder (or surge plate) and columns and founda
tions. Use is made of a computer program to compare the behaviour of
alternative girder support systems and the advantages and disadvantages
of each is summarized.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author wishes to ex press his thanks and appreciation to Dr.
A. Smith for his help and guidance in writing this paper; to R. Thorne
for providing the necessary data and information on the functions and
characteristics of cranes; to J.B. Tee and R. Fulton for their technical
assistance and to R. Bent for providing the computer program.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ABSTRACT iii
AC KNOW LEDGEM ENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 LOADS AND FORCES 4
2. 1 Vertical Loads 5
2.2 Horizontal Forces 8
2.2. 1 Longitudinal Forces 9
2.2.2 Lateral Forces 21
2.3 Application of Loads 26
CHAPTER 3 VERTICAL LOAD SUPPORT 31
3. 1 Rail 31
3. 1. 1 Improper Mounting and Associated 32
Problems
3. 1 • 2 Improved Ra i 1 Mo un tin g 34
3~2 Main Girder 36
3. 2. 1 Stiffness of Girder 36
3.2.2 !llowable Stresses 39
3.2.3 Torsion in Top Flange 44
3.2.4 Top Flange 48
3.2.5 Intermediate St iffners 53
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
CHAPTER 4 HORIZONTAL FORCE SUPPORT 60
4.1 Lateral Support 60
4.1.1 Methods of Support 61
4.1.2 Design Approach 65
4.2 Longitudinal Load Support 71
CHAPTER 5 GIRDER SUPPORT AT THE COLUMN 76
5.1 Approach 76
5.2 Vertical Support 77
5.3 Longitudinal Support 82
5.4 Lateral Support 82
CHAPTER 6 COLUMNS AND FOUNDATIONS 87
6. 1 Columns 87
6. 2 Foundations 88
CHAPTER 7 GIRDER SUPPORT SYSTEMS 93
7.1 Continuous Girder Support 94
7. 2 Trussed Girder Support 96
7. 3 Knee Braced Girder Support 103
7.4 Simple Support Girder System 106
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 111
REFERENCES 115
APPENDIX 'A' 117
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
2. 1 Solid Plate Crane Stop and a typical Method of 22
Support
2.2 Collapsible Crane stop and a typical Method of 23
Support
2.3 Typical Bracing Connection to Crane Stop and 24
the Girder
2.4 Skewing Action of Travelling Crane 27
3. 1 Soft Mounting for Rail 37
3.2 Typical Fatigue Failures in Top Part of Girder 49
3. 3 Fatigue Failure of the web in the Top Flange Area, in 50
a Rolled Wide Flange Section
3.4 Pro per Flange to Web Connection 52
3.5 Fatigue Failures Caused by Web Stiffeners acting as 54
Stress Raisers
3.6 Continuous Support of the Top Flange by Stiffeners 57
and the Bending Profile
4. 1 Typical Details for the Support of the 62
Top Flange in the Lateral Direction
4.2 Typical Lateral Support for the Top Flange of Medium and 64
Long Span Girders in Heavy Crane Runways
4.3 Shows the Effect of Cross Diaphragms on a Girder 68
System
4.4 Expansion Systems of Runway with Alternate Bracing 73
Location
5. 1 Typical Details for the End Support of Run~ay 79
Girders which are Troublesome
5.2 Typical Details for the end Support of Runway 80
Girders
vii
LIST OF FIGURES (continued)
5.3 Typical Pro per Details for the End Support of 81
Runway Girders in the Vertical and Longitudinal
Direction
5.4 Typical· Details for the end Support of Runway 85
Girder in the Lateral Direction
5.5 Typical Details for the End Support of the Walkway 86
(surge) Plate in the Vertical and Lateral Direction
6. 1 Typical Types of Column for Crane Runways 90
6.2 Sane Typical Details of Connections in Col unn 91
and Types of Failures
6.3 Foundation Settlement and its Effect on the 92
Runway
7. 1 Typical Cantin uo usl y Supported Runway Girder and 97
its Bending Profile with one Span Loaded
7.2 Positive and Negative Moment Envelope for the 98
Continuous Rigid Girder Support
7.3 Positive and negative moment Envelope for the 99
Continuous Pinned Girder Support
7.4 Typical Trussed Girder Support System 101
7.5 Positive and Negative Mcment Envelope for 102
The Trussed Girder Support
7.6 Typical Knee Braced Girder Support System 104
Positive and Negative Bending Mcment Envelope 105
for the Knee Braced Girder Support
7.8 Typical Simply Supported Girder System 109
7.9 Moment Envelope for the Simply Supported 110
Girder
viii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
2. 1 Values for Lateral and Longitudinal Forces 11
ix