Design and Validation of Wind Turbine's Power Simulation by Remote Controlled AC Motor.

205 Pages·2015·7.11 MB·English

Design and Validation of Wind Turbine’s Power
Simulation by Remote Controlled AC Motor.

by
MD. ABUL KALAM AZAD

A thesis
Submitted to the
Department of Mechanical Engineering
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
DHAKA-1000, BANGLADESH
OCTOBER, 2010
The thesis titled “Design and Validation of Wind Turbine’s Power Simulation by a
Remote Controlled AC Motor” submitted by MD. ABUL KALAM AZAD, Roll No.
040810004F, Session April, 2008 has been accepted satisfactory in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering on 20th
October, 2010.

BOARD OF EXAMINERS

1. _____________________
Dr. Muhammad Mahbubul Alam Chairman
Professor
Department of ME, BUET, Dhaka-1000
(Supervisor)

Member(Ex-Officio)
__________________________
2.
Head
Department of ME, BUET, Dhaka-1000

3. __________________________
Member
Prof. Dr. S. M. Nazrul Islam
Vice-chanchalor
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
BUET, Dhaka-1000

___________________________
4.
Dr. Md. Quamrul Islam Member
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
BUET, Dhaka-1000

____________________________
5.
Dr. Amalesh Chandra Mandal Member
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
BUET, Dhaka-1000

6. ____________________________
Prof. Dr. M. Anwar Hossain Member
Vice-chanchalor (External)
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology
141, Love road,Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka-1208
ii
CANDIDATE DECLARATION

It is hereby declared that this thesis or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere
for the award of any degree or diploma.

___________________________
(MD. ABUL KALAM AZAD)
Author
iii
To My Parents
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author is grateful to ALLAH for showing him the right path at the right moment,
giving him the strength to carry out the work. The author wishes to expresses his deepest
gratitude to his supervisor, Dr. Muhammad Mahbubul Alam for his valuable guidance
and suggestion throughout this study. The author gives special thanks to Engr. Md.
Murtuza, Sustainable Rural Energy department, Local Area Engineering Department
(LGED) for supplying raw wind speed data and other cordial helps. The author is also
thankful to his helping hand named Sufal Chandra Goldar, post-graduate student, dept. of
IEM, BUET and Engr. Manaranjon Das. Special thanks to my colleagues in Sylhet Gas
Fields Ltd., like Engr. Swapan Kumar Sarkar, Engr. Md. Golam Mortuza Khan, Engr.
Md. Shah Alam, Engr. Ranazit Halder, Engr. Mizanur Rahman and Engr. Jebon Shanti
Sarker (Manager) for their cordial support to continue my higher studies and also thanks
to honorable Managing Director, Sylhet Gas Fields Ltd. (A Company of Petrobangla), to
give me the permission to continue M.Sc. after joining there as a Assistant Manager
(Technical).

v
ABSTRACT

A statistical analysis of 10 minutes interval wind data at 20 m height for different
location of Bangladesh has been made. The data has been shorted in sequence of
appropriate frequency as hourly, daily and monthly mean wind speed. The gusty wind
behaviour has also been analyzed. The data has been presented and analyzed in velocity
friquency bar graph, energy bar graph, velocity duration curve etc. Two important
paramets Weibull shape factor “k” and Weibull scale factor “c” have been obtained from
the data. Weibull function F(v), Weibull probability density function f(v), velocity
duration function S(v) and available energy in the wind (wh/m2) have also been obtained
from the wind data.

This paper also presents a way of determining the long lasting strongest gusts at the
Sitakunda. While searching the wind power potential in the windy sites of Bangladesh for
electricity generation, it has been found that Sitakunda have some unusual wind
characteristics in August and September. In the irregular region of wind speed, the value
of Weibull shape factor and Weibull scale factor was out of range. During analysis of
wind data of Sitakunda, a long lasting strong gusty wind was obtained there.

Then a horizontal axis wind turbine has been designed for the selected site Kuakata. For
the simulation of power in replaced of designed wind turbine a remote controlled motor
has been coupled with a generator. The motor speed has been controlled by PWM signal
in its ten steps. A couple microcontrollers have been used for the simulation. High radio
frequency remote have been designed to control the motor. At any step, the motor RPM,
generator output voltage and switch position has been digitally displayed in the LCD
display screen.

vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Items Page
TITLE PAGE i
RECOMMENDATION OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ii
CANDIDATE DECLARATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF ABBREVIRATIONS SYMBOLS xvi
LIST OF SYMBOLS xvii

PART – I: ANALYSIS OF WIND DATA

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Generation of Wind 2
1.3 Sea-breeze and Land breeze 2
1.4 Geographical and Wind Location of Bangladesh 3
1.5 Outline of Methodology 7
1.6 Objectives 8
1.7 Scope of the Thesis 8
1.8 Review of Literature 9
1.9 Historical Use of Wind Energy 11
1.10 Present Day Wind Energy Generation (WEG) 12
1.11 Growth of Wind Park in the World 12

CHAPTER-2
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF WIND DATA
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Wind Data Collection and Adjustment 15
vii
2.3 Frequency Distribution 16
2.4 Monthly Mean Wind Speed 17
2.5 Hourly Average Wind Speed 17
2.6 Daily Average Wind Speed 18
2.7 Data Processing for Weibull Distribution 19
2.8 Estimation of the Weibull Parameters from the Processed Data 20
2.9 Closest value of Weibull Shape Factor (k) and Scale Factor (c) 21
2.10 Parameters for Calculated Data 22

CHAPTER-3
ANALYSIS OF WIND GUST
3.1 Introduction 23
3.2 Wind Gust 24
3.3 Gust Analysis 24
3.4 Find out Weibull’s Parameters 26
3.5 Mean Wind Speed Analysis 28
3.6 Wind Class and Ranging 30

CHAPTER-4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of Wind Characteristics of the selected sites 35-77

PART – II: SITE SELECTION AND WIND TURBINE DESIGN

CHAPTER-5
SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN PARAMETERS
5.1 Introduction 78
5.2 Effect of height on Wind Velocity 79
5.3 Determination of Wind Energy 81
5.4 Selection of Wind Site 82
5.5 Site visit (Existing Wind Power Plant in Kutubdia) 83
5.6 Electricity Generation Achievement by Wind 84

CHAPTER-6
DESIGN OF HORIZANTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
6.1 Introduction 86
viii
6.2 Selection of Design Tip Speed Ratio and Number of Blades 86
6.3 Selection of Airfoil 88
6.4 Design Procedure 89
6.5 Flow Diagram for Design Procedure 90
6.6 Selection of Design Parameters 91
6.6.1 Determination of Minimum C / C Ratio 92
d l
6.6.2 Determination of Design Lift Coefficient and Angle of Attack 92
6.6.3 Selection of Design Tip speed Ratio and Number of Blades 92
6.6.4 Determination of Design Power Coefficient 92
6.6.5 Calculation of the Blade Radius 93
6.7 Calculation of Blade Twist Angle and Blade Chord 93
6.8 Deviations from the Ideal Blade Form 94
6.9 Solidity 96
6.10 Choice of rotor blade materials 97

PART – III: POWER SIMULATION

CHAPTER-7
DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITE
7.1 Introduction 98
7.2 Types of motor controller 98
7.3 Descriptions of the main parts 99
7.3.1 Microcontroller Chip 99
7.3.2 Pin diagram of the Microcontroller PIC16F877P 100
7.3.3 Pin diagram of the Microcontroller PIC16F690-I/P DIP 101
7.4 Block Diagram of the Project 102
7.5 Circuit Diagram 103
7.6 Project Overview 104
7.7 Working Procedure 105
7.8 Data Record 106
7.9 Program Algorithm for the project 107

CHAPTER-8
Discussions 108
CHAPTER-9
ix
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1 Conclusions 109
9.2 Recommendations 110

CHAPTER-10
References 111

APPENDICES Page
Appendix-A: Frequency Distribution for Selected Sites 116
Appendix-B: Mean Monthly at an Hour Speed for Each Location 123
Appendix-C: Hourly Average Wind Speeds for Each Location 129
Appendix-D: Data Analysis of Different Location 140
Appendix-E: Value of k and c by Various Methods 160
Appendix-F: Wind Class and Ranging Data 169
Appendix-G: Determination of Wind Turbine Design Factors 179
Appendix-H: Program for the Project of Power Simulation 183

LIST OF TABLES
Tables Page
Table - 2.1: Frequency Distribution of Wind Speeds in Kuakata, above 20 m height 16
Table - 2.2: Monthly Mean Wind Speed from Jan – Dec, 2006, above 20 m height 17
Table - 2.3: Hourly Mean Wind Speed in m/s for Kuakata (January to December) 18
Table – 2.4: Daily Average Wind Speed in m/s for Kuakata (January to December) 19
Table – 2.5: Data Processing for Weibull Distribution from the Raw Observe Data 20
Table – 2.6: Closest values of Weibull Shape factor (k) and scale factor (c) 22
Table – 2.7: Calculated Data for Kuakata, January, k = 2.92 and c = 3.42 22
Table – 3.1: Value of k and c by various method 26
Table – 3.2: Wind Class and Ranging for Sitakunda, September 30
Table – 3.3: Wind Class and Ranging for Sitakunda, August 30
Table – 6.1: Choice of the Design Tip Speed Ratio and Selection of Number of Blades 87
Table – 6.2: Ideal Blade Sections, Local TSR, Angle of Attack, Blade Setting Angle 93
Table – 6.3: Linearized the twist and chord of the design wind turbine 95
Table – 7.1: Simulated data for the model of power simulation 106

x