Dependence in man : a psychoanalytic study

270 Pages·2014·4.136 MB·English

by  Parens, Henri, Saul, Leon Joseph

DEPENDENCE IN MAN

DEPENDENCE IN MAN
A Psychoanalytic Study
Henri Parens and Leon J. Saul
KARNAC
First published in 1971 by International Universities Press
This edition published in 2014 by
Karnac Books Ltd
118 Finchley Road
London NW3 5HT
Copyright © 1971 to Henri Parens and Leon J. Saul
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A C.I.P. for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-78220-159-5
Printed in Great Britain
www.karnacbooks.com
To our wives and children

CONTENTS
Acknowledgements 1
Foreword-Margaret S. Mahler, M.D. 3
Introduction 5
PART I
A STUDY OF FREUD'S WRITINGS
1 A Study of Freud's Writings on Dependence in
Man 13
Dependence and the Genetic Point of View 13
Dependence in Relation to Helplessness and
Anxiety 16
Relation of Childhood Dependence to Psychic
Structure Formation 35
Dependence and the Two Currents of the
Libido 54
PART II
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
2 On the Genesis of Psychologic Dependence 73
Introduction 73
Psychoanalytic Observations and Formula-
tions 75
Notes from Animal Observations 87
Comments 109
Summary 121
3 Inner Sustainment 122
Introduction 122
Metapsychological Notes 123
Summary 133
4 Two Co-ordinates of Dependence 135
Introduction 135
Dependence on the Object-"On Whom" 136
Dependence for the Gratification of Needs-
"For What" 142
Dependence on Substitutes for the Object 154
Summary 157
5 An Epigenesis of Psychologic Dependence 160
Birth to Four Months 161
Three to Six Months 164
Six to Ten Months 167
Ten to Fifteen Months 170
14 to 36 Months 175
Three to Six Years 179
Latency 186
Adolescence 191
Early Adulthood 199
Middle Adulthood 202
Late Adulthood 206
Conclusion 210
PART III
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
6 Some Clinical Aspects of Dependence 219
Dependence and Character Disorders 220
Reactive Dependence 223
Reactions to Dependence 231
Summary 243
References 245
Index 252
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to Dr. Calvin F. Settlage, who took
time from a crowded schedule to subject our manuscript
to careful criticisms when it was in its initial stage, and
who brought it to the attention of Dr. Margaret S. Mahler.
We find it difficult to properly express our gratitude to Dr.
Mahler. In the midst of writing the first volume of her
important work, On Human Symbiosis and the Vicissi
tudes of Jnd~·viduation, she was generous enough, not only
to evaluate our manuscript and offer helpful suggestions
which we adopted, but also to write the Foreword. Dr. W.
Godfrey Cobliner recommended changes, and these, too,
we have gratefully incorporated.
Our thanks go to Dr. Harry F. Harlow for his friendly
comments on our discussion (Chapter 2) of his work.
We thank Mrs. Irene Azarian for her kind encourage
ment and constructive suggestions. To our editor, Mrs.
Natalie Altman, goes our deep appreciation for her careful
preparation of the manuscript. It was a pleasure to work
with her.